Risk assessment of manganese in lip cosmetics / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the level of manganese and assess potential health risks of lip cosmetics. Methods:Assessment on manganese of lip cosmetics was performed using high-end exposure analysis mode based on the daily dosage. Results:In a total of 264 lip cosmetics samples， manganese was detected in the 249 sample， with a detection rate of 94.3%. Daily exposure was determined to be 3.88×10-5 mg/kg. Safety margin was 3 608 and safety limit was 45 mg/kg. Conclusion:Level of manganese in lip cosmetics remains safe. Health risk is low when appropriately used according to the daily usage. However， it is noted that level of manganese exceeds the limits in approximately 10% of the samples， posing a potential health threat.

Uncertainty evaluation of total arsenic in pork by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry / 上海预防医学

Objective To make uncertainty evaluation of total arsenic in pork by using the national food safety standard "GB 5009.11-2014 determination of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in food", and discuss the influence of each uncertainty component on the determination results so as to improve the accuracy of the experimental results. Methods The uncertainty sources that affected the measurement results in the measurement process, including repeatability measurement, sample weighing, sample dilution, standard concentration, standard curve and so on were evaluated.The uncertainty introduced by the repeatability measurement was evaluated by class A, the uncertainty caused by other factors was evaluated by class B, and the phase was calculated according to each component.The synthetic standard uncertainty and the relative expanded uncertainty were discussed, and so were the influence of the uncertainty components on the measurement results. Results According to the contribution of uncertainty from large to small was the sample standard concentration, standard curve, repeatability determination, sample weighing and sample dilution.The calculated relative composite standard uncertainty was 0.0405, and the relative expanded uncertainty was 0.081 (k=2). Conclusion The experimental results show that the concentration of standard substance has a great influence on the measurement process, so it is necessary to standardize the dilution process and simplify the dilution procedure to improve the accuracy of measurement results.

Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinical and pathologic analysis of ten cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and pathological features, differential diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical manifestations, histopathological features, immunohistochemistry, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively in 10 cases of granulocytic sarcoma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 10 to 56 years (means = 35.8 years). The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. Histologically, the malignant cells of granulocytic sarcoma grew in a diffuse pattern. The cytoplasm was scanty, with eosinophilic fine granularity in some cells. The nuclei were round or focally irregular, and had finely dispersed chromatin. The mitotic figures were visible. Immunohistochemical stains for MPO, CD43, CD117, CD34 and CD99 were positive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Granulocytic sarcoma can occur in patients of all ages with a male predominance. The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma is assisted by the cytochemical stain for naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase and/or immunophenotypic analyses for MPO, CD43, CD117, CD34, CD99. These stains aid in the distinction of granulocytic sarcoma from: lymphoblastic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, small round cell tumours, particularly in children, and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm.</p>

Changes of nitric oxide synthase and cyclic guanosine mono-phosphate in form deprivation myopia in guinea pigs / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The form deprivation (FD) reduces spatial contrasts and induces myopia. Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are involved in visual signal transmission. This study investigated changes in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and cGMP concentration in ocular tissues in acute and chronic form deprivation myopia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Guinea pigs had one eye covered by translucent glass for 7, 14 or 21 days. Untreated litter mates were used as controls. NOS activity and cGMP concentrations in the retinal, choroidal and scleral tissues of FD eyes and control eyes were analyzed by radioimmunoassay after various durations of FD. The expression of NOS subtypes was identified by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Myopia was successfully induced in FD eyes after 14 days. Compared with control groups, the retinal NOS activity and cGMP concentrations in the FD eyes significantly increased after 14 and 21 days while the retinal NOS activity in the FD eyes was transiently suppressed by 7 days of FD. The NOS activity and cGMP concentrations of choroid and sclera in the FD eyes were higher than in the control groups at 21 days. The three isoenzymes of nitric oxide synthase were detected in the ocular tissues of guinea pigs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The NOS activity and cGMP concentrations were upregulated after chronic FD and the retinal NOS activity was transiently suppressed at acute FD. The function of elevated NOS activity may be mediated by cGMP.</p>

Expression of 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes in the scleral tissue of immature guinea pigs / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes in the scleral tissue of immature guinea pigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The scleral tissue was collected from six 2-week-old pigmented guinea pigs to determine mRNA expressions of the muscarinic receptors with RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the protein expressions of the 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNAs of the 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes were all detected in the scleral tissue, and the mRNA expression was the highest for M1 subtype. Green fluorescence of M1 to M5 subtypes surrounding the fibroblast nuclei were found in the scleral matrix using laser confocal microscopy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Five muscarinic receptor subtypes are present in the scleral tissues of immature guinea pigs, indicating the involvement of the muscarinic receptors in eye growth regulation.</p>