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Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of endogenous metabolites in Crocus sativus L. corms from different origins. Methods A method based on desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging and optimized sample pretreatment was developed for directly visualize metabolites in C. sativus corms. Results In situ characterization of metabolites such as flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, carotenoids, and cyclic enol ether terpene glycosides was achieved. L-Citruline, phenylacetylglycine, sativol, and geniposide were specifically distributed in the corms. Apigenin 7-（6''-O-acetyl）-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside, dhurrin 6'-glucoside, and Apigenin 7-O-diglucuronide were mainly distributed in the terminal bud. For compounds distributed in the corms, the highest abundance was found in corms from Shanghai, followed by Zhejiang and the lowest from Anhui. Conclusion The distribution of metabolites in different parts of C. sativus corms from different origins and the same origin varies significantly. Flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives such as isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside and apigenin derivatives are mainly distributed in the terminal buds, in addition, the natural plant protection agent dhurrin 6'-glucoside is also mainly distributed in the terminal corms, whereas amino acids, which are used as energy and material supplies, are mainly accumulated in the corms.
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Objective To study the effects of endophytic fungus Epichloë bromicola SH09 on the plant growth and accumulation of active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and improve the quality of medicinal plant S. miltiorrhiza. Methods E. bromicola SH09 solid bacterial fertilizer was prepared and co-cultured with S. miltiorrhiza for 60 d and 120 d. Four morphological indexes, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, and the contents of four tanshinones and two phenolic acids in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza from treated group and control group were assayed, respectively. Results After 60 d and 120 d co-culture, E. Bromicola SH09 significantly increased the tiller number, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, and the content of tanshinones and phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiz. Conclusion The endophytic fungus E. bromicola SH09 can effectively promote the plant growth and improve the accumulation of active components in S. miltiorrhiza, which not only broadens the new ecological functions of endophytic fungi, but also improves the quality of medicinal plant S. miltiorrhiza.