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Objective To explore the interaction between warfarin and antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine.Methods A 78-year-old woman suffered from warfarin resistance after initial warfarin dosing for several days.Based on her medication review,clinical pharmacist found that the warfarin resistance resulted from co-administered carbamazepine.Her warfarin dosage was increased,and the international normalized ratio (INR) increased to the target range.Another woman had been taking warfarin therapy for long time with a stable maintenance dose.She consulted clinical pharmacist for the influence of co-administered oxcarbazepine on warfarin.The patient was advised to maintain the dose and monitor her INR more closely.Her INR did not fluctuate.Results Carbamazepine induced warfarin metabolism.As a result,the patient needed increased dosage of warfarin to maintain the INR in the therapeutic target range.Oxcarbazepine does not induce liver enzymes,and therefore the INR did not fluctuate.Conclusion Carbamazepine may reduce the efficacy of warfarin.Oxcarbazepine offers a clinical advantage over carbamazepine,especially when co-administration of warfarin is required.
RESUMEN
The effects of zinc on collagen synthesis and wound healing were observed in 124 rats. The animals were divided into three groups. ZD--zincdeficient, SP--pair fed with zinc supplemented and SF---ad lib withzinc supplemented, each receiving 0.07, 0.82 and 0.84 mg Zn per rat per day respectively. An 8 cm long surgical incision was made on one side of the back of each animal and 3 pieces of sponge were implanted subcutaneous