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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the efficiency of medicine supply in primary health care institutions. METHODS:By stratified random sampling,6 counties of Dabie Mountains in Anhui province were selected as sample areas. Medicine purchase data of 143 primary health care institutions in 2015 were collected from Anhui provincial centralized purchase platform. Those data were analyzed in respects of purchase and distribution of National Essential Medicine,medicines of Anhui Province Essential Medicine List and cheap medicines. By stratified random sampling,12 primary health care institutions were selected for on-site interview. The reasons for medicine distribution and insufficient distribution were investigated. RESULTS:The rate of medicine distribution in the sample areas was 82.27%,and the rate of essential medicine distribution was more than 80%. Ratio of purchase amount for national essential medicines and medicines of Anhui Province Essential Medicine List were all up to standard in different types of primary health care institutions. The rate of cheap medicine distribution was in low level(only 80%). The distribution rate had great difference in the primary health care institutions and different areas;the highest rate of medicine distribution reached 99.86%,and the lowest was only 46.18%. The results of on-site investigation showed that main reasons for insufficient distribution were the divided area distribution model had a certain influence on the market competitiveness of the distribution enterprises,and distribution enterprises strength had huge differences. CONCLUSIONS:The primary health care institutions have high awareness of National Essential Medicine System in Dabie Mountains of Anhui Province;purchase rate and overall distribution rate of essential medicine are also high. There are great differences in distribution efficiency among different areas and health care institutions,and some health care institutions cannot distribute medicine in time with full capacity. It is suggested to conduct"two-receipt system"of medicine distribution,perfect medicine distribution enterprise supervision system, establish medicine circulation information platform and lead cheap medicine supply guarantee by government,etc. Those measures can guarantee the accessibility and selectivity of the masses to essential medicines in grass-roots areas.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the pharmaceutical care ability of the retail pharmacies.METHODS:The questionnaires were designed to investigate 180 licensed pharmacists from 180 retail pharmacies.The survey data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:A total of 180 questionnaires were sent out,and 150 effective questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 83.33％.Among 150 investigated pharmacists,the junior college degree or lower accounted for 74.67％,and the professionals of pharmacy or related only accounted for 44.66％;the pharmacists who always and often provided medication guidance accounted for 72.67％ and 21.33％,respectively;the pharmacists who always and often developed prescription review accounted for 53.33％ and 27.33％,respectively;the pharmacists who always and often collected complaint suggestions accounted for 50.67％ and 35.33％,respectively;the pharmacists who always and often established medication history both only accounted for 1.33％;the pharmacists who always and often retrospected drug use of patients accounted for 18.67％ and 14.00％,respectively;the pharmacists who always and often conducted lectures on health education and drug use accounted for 4.00％ and 6.00％,respectively;the pharmacists who satisfied with the work accounted for 58.67％.CONCLUSIONS:Recently,the degree and professional ability of the licensed pharmacists are relatively low in retail pharmacies in Hefei.The pharmaceutical care contents of drugstores are unitary,the work satisfaction degree of the licensed pharmacists is unsatisfactory.Although they can provide the patients with drug use guidance basically,the projects such as carrying out prescription auditing and collecting complaint suggestions need to be further strengthened.Less work has been done in establishing medication history and retrospecting drug use.So,we need to take some measures to improve the pharmaceutical care ability of retail pharmacies effectively.
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Aim To investigate the effects of silencing MALAT1 gene on cell proliferation inhibition and apop-tosis induced by Melittin in human hepatocellular car-cinoma HepG2 cells. Methods The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation treated with Melittin in HepG2 cells was examined by MTT assay. Apoptotic rate was detec-ted by flow cytometry. The MALAT1 expression level in HepG2 cells was measured by qPCR. Specific siR-NAs were utilized to silence MALAT1 expression. The rates of cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with siRNA and Melittin were compared with those of Melittin alone. Results Melit-tin significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with normal liver cell lines, MALAT1 was highly expressed in HepG2 cells ( P<0. 05 ) . The ex-pression of MALAT1 in HepG2 cells was inhibited by Melittin, and the inhibitory rate increased with the in-crease of concentration. The rates of cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells treated with siRNA and Melittin were significantly higher than those treated merely with Melittin. Conclusion Melittin can reduce the expression of MALAT1 and silencing MALAT1 can effectively promote proliferation inhibi-tion and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by Melittin.
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The fibrosis can occur in many kinds of organs,and its sustained progress may lead to organ structural damage and functional decline,and even the organ failure,which threatens the human health and the life seriously.Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that can be generated in various tissues of the body and regulate a multitude of body functions via the combina-tion with four different kinds of G protein-coupled receptors.Re-cent studies have found that adenosine receptors play an impor-tant role in regeneration tissue and fibrosis process.To under-stand the processes may be helpful to the treatment of fibrosis diseases.This review makes a summary on latest research pro-gress of adenosine receptors in fibrosis diseases.