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Objective To optimize the extraction process of Kanglao Qingfei granules. Methods Orthogonal test design was used to study the influence of soaking time, water content, extraction time on extraction technology with bergenin's extraction rate, total polysaccharides's extraction rate and extract yield as evaluation indexes. Results The optimum extraction process conditions were as follows:the raw materials were immersed in water for 1.0 h and extracted two times under reflux, and the ratio of water volume to raw materials weight was 10 and 8 (mL/g), and extraction time was 2.5 h and 2.0 h, respectively. Conclusion The optimized extraction process was simple and stable, which can provide foundation for industrial production of Kanglao Qingfei granules.
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Objective To evaluate the values of prenatal surveillances of ultrasonography in twin pregnancies with amniotic fluid discordance. Methods Two hundred and seventy cases of diamniotic twins were included. Both postnatal outcomes and prenatal amniotic fluid discordant variations were analyzed,and the incidences of amniotic fluid discordance were compared between the monochorionic-diamniotic(MCDA)and dichorionic-diamniotic (DCDA) gruop. Results Twenty four cases of twins with amniotic fluid discordance were found in the study. The incidence of amniotic fluid discordance in MCDA group was much higher than that in DCDA group (28.9% vs 5.6%, P ＜0. 001 ) ,and 24 cases of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) were diagnosed in the former group and none were found in the latter group. Downward tendency of amniotic fluid discordance was shown in non-TTTS cases of MCDA group. Compared with TTTS cases, the postnatal outcomes of non-TTTS cases with amniotic fluid discordance were much better in MCDA group ( P ＜0.001 ). Conclusions TTTS and MCDA twins with amniotic fluid discordance may overlap each other in the early stage. Serial surveillances of ultrasonography are necessary for prenatal differentiating twin pregnancies complicated by amniotic fluid discordance,and providing strong support to clinical treament.
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Objective To investigate the value of prenatal ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of twin reverse arterial perfusion (TRAP) syndrome. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 5 TRAP cases, including ultrasound images, clinical data and pregnancy outcomes. The sonographic characteristics were summarized. Results Five TRAP cases were diagnosed during 13 to 28 weeks' gestation and confirmed after birth. Color Doppler unltrasonography revealed retrograde umbilical artery perfusion towards acardiac twin. Two of 5 cases ended up in induced abortion, 1 in spontaneous abortion, 1 was delivered at 37 weeks' gestation after ultrasound-guided feticide of the acardiac twin and 1 was monitored closely with ultrasound and delivered alive at 32~(+4) weeks' gestation. Conclusion Prenatal ultrasonography has great applicative value for TRAP syndrome in early diagnosis, choosing optimal treatment and prognosis assessment.