RESUMEN
The prevention and control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is important for public health. Sexual contact transmission has replaced blood transmission as a major route of HIV transmission in China. The incidence of HIV infection increased significantly among young men who have sex with men (MSM). Online social software instead of traditional venues has become a main means of seeking sexual partners. The application of online social software may contribute to an increased incidence of HIV among young MSMs by promoting such risky behaviors as having occasional or multiple sexual partners and drug abuse. Compared with the MSMs enrolled from traditional venues, those recruited online showed significant differences in the educational level, sexual behaviors, and HIV knowledge. Online social software is a promising way to improve the prevention and control of HIV as well as HIV-related epidemic surveys.
RESUMEN
[Abstract] Pregnant women’s health is vulnerable to a variety of environmental and behavioral factors. Air pollution is one of the important environmental factors for pregnant women, and many studies have analyzed its impact on complications during pregnancy. Most of the findings demonstrate that air pollution is associated with the increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). The particles and aerosol contaminants in the air can cause GDM and HDP through inflammation, oxidative stress, and other mechanisms. To control body mass index before pregnancy and supplement trace elements such as folic acid and vitamin D play active roles in preventing complications during pregnancy. In this review, we discussed the effects of various components of air pollutants on complications during pregnancy, hoping to provide references for preventing complications during pregnancy.
RESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide.About 50% of the total number of HCC cases and deaths worldwide occurred in China.Male has high incidence rates of HCC.Epidemiological data showed that ratio between the male incidence of HCC and the female incidence was from 2∶1 to 5∶1 in China.Up to now, risk factors found to be able to give rise to the sexual dimorphism in HCC incidences include infection and mutation of hepatitis B virus, immune genetic susceptibility and functions of hormone receptors.Relevant studies can not only help clarify the specific biological processes of hepatocarcinogenesis, but also uncover the biological indications that associate the incidences and prognoses of HCC with the sexual dimorphism, thus playing an important role in improving the strategies of control and prevention.