Anti-aging Effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（GRR） has the function of replenishing vital energy and can lighten the body and prolong the life when taken for a long time， which is suitable for the development of anti-aging products， so this paper intends to sort out the progress of anti-aging research on GRR. After combing， the results of modern studies have shown that a variety of components in GRR have anti-aging effect， which can prolong the lifespan of aging animal models， as well as delay the aging of various systems. The anti-aging mechanisms mainly include anti-cellular senescence， anti-oxidative stress， inhibiting telomere shortening， maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and so on. The anti-aging ingredients of GRR involved in the researches mainly include ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Rb1， in addition， ginsenoside Rg3， ginsenoside Rd， ginsenoside Rg2， ginsenoside Re， ginsenoside Rb2， oligosaccharides of GRR， polysaccharides of GRR， water extract of GRR， total saponins of Panax ginseng stems and leaves are also included. Therefore， under current background of population aging， the in-depth development of GRR and its transformation into anti-aging products are of great significance for delaying senility and improving the health conditions of aging population.

Development of a self-assessment questionnaire of abnormal menstruation and evaluation of its reliability and validity / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo develop a self-assessment questionnaire for menstrual abnormalities and test its reliability and validity. To provide an assessment tool for self-identification of abnormal menstruation in young women and to investigate the health seeking situation of abnormal menstruation in the population. MethodsFifteen physicians with clinical experience were invited to participate in the Delphi expert consultations. Medical indications for menstrual abnormalities were constructed and questionnaires were formed based on domestic and international literature， expert meetings and 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultations. A whole-group sampling was used to select 923 female college students from a medical school in Shanghai for the survey， and 306 of them were retested. The internal consistency， retest correlation， researcher-investigator evaluation correlation， and structural and response validity of the questionnaire were examined. ResultsThe questionnaire formed 6 dimensions with 17 indications. The positive coefficients for the two rounds of consulting experts were >90%. The mean authority coefficient was 0.857. The Kendall W coordination coefficient was 0.465 and 0.455， respectively （P<0.001）. The questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.622. The retest correlation coefficient was 0.459. The correlation coefficient between the researcher's score and the respondents' self-assessment was 0.562. The five common factors extracted by factor analysis were consistent with the structure of the questionnaire， and the cumulative contribution of variance was 54.4%. Total questionnaire scores were moderately to highly correlated with each dimension score （0.409 to 0.699）. There was low correlation between the dimensions （-0.002 to 0.203）. Girls who had sought medical care had higher scores on the total questionnaire， category A， category B， cycle dimension， menstrual dimension， and dysmenorrhea/PMS dimension than girls who had not sought medical care （P<0.01）， and the difference between the two groups in menstrual volume dimension scores was not statistically significant. ConclusionThe self-assessment questionnaire for menstrual abnormalities developed in this study has acceptable reliability， good structure validity and response validity. It can provide a self-examination tool and medical consultation guidance for young women with abnormal menstruation.

Inflammatory granuloma of the trachea: a rare case with Epstin-Barr virus infection / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a double-stranded DNA virus with an envelope, is a ubiquitous pathogen that is prevalent in humans, although most people who contract it do not develop symptoms (Kerr, 2019). While the primary cells EBV attacks are epithelial cells and B lymphocytes, its target range expands to a variety of cell types in immunodeficient hosts. Serological change occurs in 90% of infected patients. Therefore, immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, serologically reactive to viral capsid antigens, are reliable biomarkers for the detection of acute and chronic EBV infections (Cohen, 2000). Symptoms of EBV infection vary according to age and immune status. Young patients with primary infection may present with infectious mononucleosis; there is a typical triad of symptoms including fever, angina, and lymphadenectasis (Houen and Trier, 2021). In immunocompromised patients, response after EBV infection may be atypical, with unexplained fever. The nucleic acid of EBV can be detected to confirm whether high-risk patients are infected (Smets et al., 2000). EBV is also associated with the occurrence of certain tumors (such as lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma) because it transforms host cells (Shannon-Lowe et al., 2017; Tsao et al., 2017).

Rapamycin mediated caspase 9 homodimerization to safeguard human pluripotent stem cell therapy / 生物工程学报

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising in regenerative medicine. However, the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) may form clumps of cancerous tissue, which is a major safety concern in PSCs therapies. Rapamycin is a safe and widely used immunosuppressive pharmaceutical that acts through heterodimerization of the FKBP12 and FRB fragment. Here, we aimed to insert a rapamycin inducible caspase 9 (riC9) gene in a safe harbor AAVS1 site to safeguard hiPSCs therapy by drug induced homodimerization. The donor vector containing an EF1α promoter, a FRB-FKBP-Caspase 9 (CARD domain) fusion protein and a puromycin resistant gene was constructed and co-transfected with sgRNA/Cas9 vector into hiPSCs. After one to two weeks screening with puromycin, single clones were collected for genotype and phenotype analysis. Finally, rapamycin was used to induce the homodimerization of caspase 9 to activate the apoptosis of the engineered cells. After transfection of hiPSCs followed by puromycin screening, five cell clones were collected. Genome amplification and sequencing showed that the donor DNA has been precisely knocked out at the endogenous AAVS1 site. The engineered hiPSCs showed normal pluripotency and proliferative capacity. Rapamycin induced caspase 9 activation, which led to the apoptosis of all engineered hiPSCs and its differentiated cells with different sensitivity to drugs. In conclusion, we generated a rapamycin-controllable hiPSCs survival by homodimerization of caspase 9 to turn on cell apoptosis. It provides a new strategy to guarantee the safety of the hiPSCs therapy.

Associations of genetic variations in pyroptosis related genes with acute adverse events in postoperative rectal cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: This study aims to investigate the associations between genetic variations of pyroptosis pathway related key genes and adverse events (AEs) of postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood which was collected from 347 patients before CRT. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to detect the genotypes of 43 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) in eight pyroptosis genes, including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), caspase-1 (CASP1), caspase-4(CASP4), caspase-5 (CASP5), caspase-11 (CASP11), gasdermin D (GSDMD), gasdermin E (GSDME) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The associations between 43 htSNPs and AEs were evaluated by the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, age, clinical stage, tumor grade, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), surgical procedure, and tumor location. Results: Among the 347 patients with rectal cancer underwent concurrent CRT with capecitabine after surgery, a total of 101(29.1%) occurred grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. rs11226565 (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.79, P=0.008), rs579408(OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.03-2.29, P=0.034) and rs543923 (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.98, P=0.040) were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. One hundred and fifty-six (45.0%) had grade ≥ 2 diarrhea, two SNPs were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ diarrhea, including CASP11 rs10880868 (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, P=0.020) and GSDME rs2954558 (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.01-2.31, P=0.050). In addition, sixty-six cases (19.0%) developed grade ≥2 dermatitis, three SNPs that significantly associated with the risk of grade ≥2 dermatitis included GSDME rs2237314 (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.83, P=0.017), GSDME rs12540919 (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99, P=0.045) and NLRP3 rs3806268 (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.03-2.22, P=0.037). There was no significant difference in the association between other genetic variations and AEs of rectal cancer patients (all P>0.05). Surgical procedure and tumor location had great impacts on the occurrence of grade ≥2 diarrhea and dermatitis (all P<0.01). Conclusion: The genetic variants of CASP4, CASP11, GSDME and NLRP3 are associated with the occurrence of AEs in patients with rectal cancer who received postoperative CRT, suggesting they may be potential genetic markers in predicting the grade of AEs to achieve individualized treatment of rectal cancer.

Histone deacetylase 3 inhibitor ameliorates hypoxia/ reoxygenation injury in PC12 cells by reducing oxidative / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the role of histone deacetylase 3 ( HDAC3 ) inhibitor (HDAC3I) in hypoxia-reoxygenation( H/R) injury of PC12 cells. Methods H/R cell injury model was established by using PC 12 cells for 4 hours hypoxia and then reoxygenation for 24 hours. HDAC3I treatment group was pretreated with RGFP966 for 1 hour and then subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. The experiment was divided into three groups: normal control group, model group and HDAC3I treatment group, and 3 repetitions for each group. Cell viability was determined using MTT. Cellulose dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected by colorimetry. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ), respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) was determined by xanthine oxidase method. The malondialdehyde ( MDA ) content was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-Caspase-3 and HDAC3 proteins. Results Compared with the control group, the cell viability of the model group and HDAC3I treatment group decreased significantly (P<0. 05), and the cell LDH (P<0. 05) and apoptosis (P<0. 05) increased significantly. The cell viability of HDAC3I treatment group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0. 05), while the LDH (P<0. 05) and apoptosis of HDAC3I treatment group were lower than the model group (P<0. 05). In addition, compared with the control group, the ROS and MDA (P< 0. 05 ) of the model group and the HDAC3I treatment group increased significantly, and the SOD decreased significantly (P<0. 05). ROS and MDA in the HDAC3I treatment group (P<0. 05) were significantly lower than the model group, while the SOD level was higher than the model group (P< 0. 05). Western blotting analysis showed that compared with the control group, Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3 in the model group and HDAC3I treatment group increased significantly, and Bcl-2 decreased significantly (P<0. 05). The Bax and cleaved-Caspase-3 in the HDAC3I treatment group were significantly lower than the model group, and Bcl-2 was significantly higher than the model group (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the expression of HDAC3 protein in the model group increased significantly (P<0. 05), while the HDAC3 protein in the HDAC3I treatment group decreased significantly (P<0. 05). Conclusion HDAC3I reduces PC 12 cell apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation by reducing oxidative stress.

Strategies of lowering relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the strategies of reducing relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) from the perspectives of optimizing the conditioning regimen and pre-transplant cytoreductive therapy.Methods:A total of 84 patients with high-risk MDS undergoing allo-HSCT between January 2013 and September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Based upon preparative regimens, they were divided into two groups of decitabine intensified BUCY2 ( n=49) and BUCY2 regimen ( n=35), based upon whether or not pre-treatment prior to allo-HSCT: cytoredutive treatment ( n=34) and none ( n=50). Two groups were compared with regards to hematopoietic reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse rate, transplant-related mortality (TRM) and survival. Results:No significant inter-group differences existed in hematopoietic reconstitution or acute/chronic GVHD. The relapse rate was significantly lower in decitabine intensified group than that in BUCY2 group (18.7% vs 40.0%, P=0.025). Survival was significantly better in decitabine intensified group than that in BUCY2 group (3-year OS: 71.3% vs 51.2%, P=0.038; 3-year DFS: 65.3% vs 45.2%, P=0.033). Moreover, the incidence of recurrence was markedly lower in pre-transplant treatment group than that in non-treatment group (20.7% vs 38.9%, P=0.035). The inter-group incidence of TRM was not different. Three-year OS/DFS of treatment group were remarkably superior to those of non-treatment group (71.2% vs 50.8%, P=0.024; 64.7% vs 45.9%, P=0.044). Conclusions:As an optimal conditioning regimen for high-risk MDS, decitabine intensified BUCY2 regimen could better eliminate tumor burden, remarkably lower relapse rate and improve OS after allo-HSCT. In addition, pre-transplant treatment significantly reduces relapse and offers benefit for OS after allo-HSCT. Therefore intensified conditioning regimen and pre-transplant treatment may be promising strategies of reducing relapse and improving survival for high-risk MDS. However, it still needs further confirmation from prospective randomized controlled trials.

An overview of official measures for COVID-19 prevention and control in maternal and neonatal population in some areas of China / 上海预防医学

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has become a global public health problem.China′s epidemic prevention and control measures prove to be effective, that can be reference for other countries in their epidemic work.As a special group, the pregnant women and newborns have been given priority attention.This paper overviews our measures to prevent and control GOVID-19 for pregnant women and newborns.These official measures were issued by either the central government at the national level or provincial health administrative departments, covering 7 aspects as home protection for pregnant women, obstetric outpatient prevention and control, pregnancy management, referral for diagnosis and treatment of suspected or confirmed pregnant women, hospital deliveries, nosocomial prevention and control for newborns and others.It is to share China′s measures for special populations during COVID-19 pandemic.

Role of cerebrospinal fluid chimerism in predicating central nervous relapse surveillance for patients of acute leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To explore the role of cerebrospinal fluid chimerism in central nervous relapse surveillance for patients of acute leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods The follow-up data were retrospectively collected and analyzed in 104 patients with acute leukemia after allo-HSCT.Comparisons were made between patients with complete chimerism and mixed chimerism in cerebrospinal fluid.The role of recipient DNA percentage and its changing trend in predicting central nervous relapse were also explored.Analysis was conducted for determining the risk factors of central nervous relapse.And the effectiveness of prophylaxis with intrathecal injection was also examined.Results The incidence of relapse was higher in patients with mixed chimerism (P＜0.001),high percentage of recipient DNA (P＜0.05) and higher mixed chimerism (P＜0.001).Hyperleukocytosis at an initial diagnosis was a risk factor of central nervous relapse.Whether or not intrathecal injection prophylaxis was applied showed no significant difference in relapsing rate.Conclusions Monitoring cerebrospinal fluid chimerism can effectively help predict central nervous relapse among patients of acute leukemia after allo-HSCT.Yet intrathecal injection prophylaxis failed to benefit recipients.

Progress and prospects of quadrivalent influenza vaccine / 中华临床感染病杂志

Although the flu vaccine is the most effective strategy for preventing influenza currently,the population incidence and mortality of influenza present an unstable trend.Due to the rapid variability of influenza virus,the conventional flu vaccine components and dominant lineage are not matching;more importantly,trivalent influenza vaccine (T IV) contains only A/H3N2,A/H1N1 and B/Victoria lineage,which does not match the B/Yamagata lineage that have prevailed in recent years.Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) adds the B/Yamagata lineage,and it has been used abroad for susceptible populations.Compared with TIV,QIV provides better protection for susceptible populations and is considered to have better public health benefits.This article reviews the history of development and current status,the safety,immunogenicity,efficacy of prevention and control and cost-effectiveness of QIV,to provide reference for the promotion and implementation of influenza vaccination.

Application of Touch DNA in Investigation Practice / 法医学杂志

With the continuous development of DNA extraction and testing technology, the DNA left at a crime scene plays a decisive role in the determination of criminal suspects in criminal investigation. But in the meanwhile, the anti-reconnaissance awareness of suspect is growing, which leads to a decrease of evidence left at scene during and after a crime. Therefore, in the process of evidence collection at scene, the finding and extraction of touch biological evidence, and the DNA detection are more and more important. At present, the proportion of touch evidence at the crime scene increases, which plays an increasingly important role in the detection of cases. However, with the characteristics of minute quantities, small size and secrecy, these touch evidence is difficult to be observed. What's more, various forms of pollution at the scene greatly accelerate the degradation rate of trace material, thus, the test and analysis of such material has become the emphasis and difficulty of the forensic evidence identification. This article reviews different kinds, collection and extraction methods of touch DNA, the factors that affect the detection and the problems may meet in the detection for providing an application prospect to the forensic practice.

G-test and GM-test combined with sputum fungal culture for the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in intensive care unit patients / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To evaluate the detection value of serum (1,3)-β-D glucan (G-test) and galactomannan (GM-test) combined with sputum fungal culture in the early diagnosis of invasive fungal infection(IFI) in intensive care unit(ICU) patients.Methods Inpatients with high risk factors for IFI in the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between January 2015 and December 2016 were chosen,they were divided into 3 groups according to the diagnostic criteria of IFI:IFI group(including confirmed and clinically diagnosed cases),suspected IFI group,and non-IFI group.The results of serum G-test,GM-test,and sputum fungal culture in three groups of patients were analyzed,early diagnostic value in IFI with combined three tests was evaluated.Results A total of 264 ICU patients were investigated,IFI group,suspected IFI group,and non-IFI group were 56,43,and 165 cases respectively.Among 56 cases of confirmed IFI,46,39,and 34 were positive for G-test,GM-test,and fungal culture respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of combined three detection were 98.2％,82.4％,65.5％,and 99.3％ respectively,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,and Youden index were 5.58,0.02,and 0.98 respectively.The sensitivity and negative predictive values of combined three detection were both higher than those of single G-test,GM-test,and sputum fungal culture (all P＜0.05);but specificity and positive predictive value of combined three detection were not significantly different from single G-test,GM-test,and sputum fungal culture(all P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination of G-test,GM-tests,and sputum fungal culture can improve the sensitivity of early diagnosis of IFI in ICU patients,and guide the clinicians in the early treatment of IFI.

Comparison of two serological methods in screening gastric cancer and its precancerous condition / 中华内科杂志

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of the old "ABC" method [serum pepsinogen(PG) combined with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) IgG antibody] and the new "ABC" method [serum pepsinogen plus gastrin-17(G-17)] in screening gastric cancer and its precancerous condition. Methods Serum PG, G-17 and Hp-IgG were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 278 subjects. Subjects were grouped according to the criteria of two methods. The gastroscopy and pathological biopsy were gold standard. Results The positive rate of old "ABC" method was 74.46% (207/278), which was 54.68% of new "ABC" method (151/278). For the diagnosis of gastric cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of the old "ABC" method were 90.74% and 29.46% respectively, with diagnostic coincidence rate 41.37%. The sensitivity and specificity of the new "ABC" method were 92.59% and 54.46% respectively, with diagnostic coincidence rate 61.87%. As to the diagnosis of pre-cancerous state, the sensitivity and specificity of the old "ABC" method were 75.81% and 36.00%, with diagnostic coincidence rate 58.03%. The sensitivity and specificity of the new "ABC" method were 62.10% and 75.00%, with diagnostic coincidence rate 67.86%. Conclusions Compared with the old "ABC" method, the new "ABC" method has higher sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic coincidence rate for the diagnosis of gastric cancer, yet higher specificity and lower sensitivity for the diagnosis of precancerous conditions.

Predictive Effect of Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an early marker of platelet activation.Larger platelets,compared to small ones,increase platelet adhesion and aggregation,and present a higher thrombotic activity.Some studies have explored the association between MPV and the morbidity of portal vein thrombosis (PVT).The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive effect of MPV in patients with PVT by a meta-analysis.We searched Pubmed,Web of Science,SCOPUS,OVID,CNKI and CBMD from database inception to September 13,2017.Seven studies in accordance with selection criteria were included.The extraction of basic data was independently conducted by two reviewers.The mean difference in MPV between PVT patients and controls were pooled with weighted mean difference (WMD)and 95％ confidence interval of 0.88 fl (95％ CI:0.61-1.15).A random-effect model was chosen for an obvious heterogeneity in the pooling (Chi-square=27.12,df=6,P＜0.0001,I2=77.9％).The sources of heterogeneity were from the difference of primary disease of participants and portal vein diameter.Taken together,our results reveal that MPV is a predictive indicator in patients with PVT.

Predictive Effect of Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an early marker of platelet activation.Larger platelets,compared to small ones,increase platelet adhesion and aggregation,and present a higher thrombotic activity.Some studies have explored the association between MPV and the morbidity of portal vein thrombosis (PVT).The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive effect of MPV in patients with PVT by a meta-analysis.We searched Pubmed,Web of Science,SCOPUS,OVID,CNKI and CBMD from database inception to September 13,2017.Seven studies in accordance with selection criteria were included.The extraction of basic data was independently conducted by two reviewers.The mean difference in MPV between PVT patients and controls were pooled with weighted mean difference (WMD)and 95％ confidence interval of 0.88 fl (95％ CI:0.61-1.15).A random-effect model was chosen for an obvious heterogeneity in the pooling (Chi-square=27.12,df=6,P＜0.0001,I2=77.9％).The sources of heterogeneity were from the difference of primary disease of participants and portal vein diameter.Taken together,our results reveal that MPV is a predictive indicator in patients with PVT.

Analysis of current status of mouse euthanasia methods based on the publications in China(2015-2016) / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the current status of mouse euthanasia methods in China,and to provide the reference and basis for the administrative authorities of laboratory animal management to master the implementation of"euthanasia"and formulate related policies. Methods Research papers containing the terms of"mouse"and"execution"in Chinese characters during the period from 2015 to 2016 were searched in Wanfang database,and statistical analysis was performed with the articles meeting the searching criteria. Results A total of 890 research articles met the searching criteria,of which 351 articles clearly described the killing method, accounting for only 39.44%. The mouse-killing methods included cervical dislocation, decapitation, exsanguination and sampling after anesthesia, excessive anesthesia,abdominal aorta bleeding and carbon dioxide asphyxiation, among them cervical dislocation accounted for the highest rate,75.78%. Conclusions The current implementation of mouse euthanasia methods in our country has been far from optimistic. The mouse euthanasis methods have often been ignored in scientific articles and the description of the methods is not standardized. In order to promote the effective implementation of the regulations related to mouse euthanasia,it is needed to promote the study of related techniques and to strengthen personnel training.

Pathogenic features and risk factors of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in intensive care unit / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To analyze the pathogenic features and risk factors of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods The clinical data of 110 patients with sICH admitted in ICU during January 2015 and February 2017 were collected.Patients were divided into hospital-acquired pneumonia group (HAP group,n =66) and non-HAP group (n =44).Multivariate Logistic regression was used to study the risk factors of HAP,and pathogen distribution and drug susceptibility were analyzed.Results Multivariate Logistic regression demonstrated that long-term mechanical ventilation (OR =1.028,95％ CI 1.012-1.044,P ＜ 0.01),lower score of glasgow coma scale (GCS) (OR =1.550,95％ CI 1.148-2.093,P ＜ 0.01),prolonged hospital stay (OR =1.131,95％ CI 1.046-1.224,P ＜0.01) and underlying diseases more than two forms (OR =9.793,95％ CI 1.012-1.044,P ＜ 0.01) were the independent risk factors of HAP,while high plasma albumin level was protective factor for HAP (OR =0.897,95％ CI O.811-0.992,P ＜ 0.05).One hundred and eighty-three bacterial strains were isolated from 66 patients,the top 4 pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (28.96％,53/183),Klebsiella pneumonia (15.85％,29/183),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.11％,24/183) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.02％,22/183).Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were highly resistant to the majority of antibiotics,some of which even reached 100％.Staphylococcus aureus showed high resistance to macrolides,fluoroquinolones and β-lactam antibiotics.Conclusions There is high incidence of HAP in patients with sICH,and the pathogenic bacteria are mainly gram-negative bacteria.Effective prevention and treatment measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of HAP for patients with sICH in ICU.

Varied response of the pulmonary arterial endothelium in a novel rat model of venous thromboembolism / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The experimental studies of venous thromboembolism (VTE) as an entity and the response of the pulmonary arterial endothelium after VTE are still rare. The objective of this study was to observe changes in the pulmonary arterial endothelium using a novel rat model of VTE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were allocated to the VTE (n = 54) or control groups (n = 9). The left femoral vein was blocked using a microvessel clip to form deep vein thrombosis (DVT). One, four or seven-day-old thrombi were injected into the right femoral vein to induce DVT-pulmonary thromboembolism (DVT-PTE). The rats were sacrificed 1, 4 or 7 days later (D(n(1,4,7)) P(n(1,4,7)) subgroups (n = 6)), and the lungs were examined using light and electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On gross dissection, the rate of DVT formation was higher on day 1 (D(1)P(n): 100%, 18/18) than day 4 (D(4)P(n): 83%, 15/18; χ(2) = 5.900, P = 0.015) or day 7 (D(7)P(n): 44%, 8/18; χ(2) = 13.846, P = 0.000). On gross dissection, the positive emboli residue rate in the pulmonary arteries was lower in the D(1)P(n) subgroup (39%, 7/18) than the D(4)P(n) (73%, 11/15; χ(2) = 3.915, P = 0.048) and D(7)P(n) subgroups (100%, 8/8; χ(2) = 8.474, P = 0.004); however, light microscopy indicated the residual emboli rate was similar in all subgroups. Hyperplasia of the pulmonary arterial endothelium was observed 4 and 7 days after the injection of one-day-old or four-day-old thrombi. However, regions without pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and intra-elastic layers were observed one day after injection of seven-day-old thrombi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This novel model closely simulates the clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study pulmonary endothelial cell activation. The outcome of emboli and pulmonary arterial endothelial alterations are related to the age and nature of the thrombi.</p>

Immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipplesparing mastectomy / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy in early stage breast cancer.Methods From Jan.2006 to Nov.2009,28 breast cancer patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy.Results Among the 28 patients,27 were satisfied with the apperance of their breast after operation.Conclusions Immediate breast reconstruction by implanting silicone prosthesis wrapped by ectopectoralis after nipple-sparing mastectomy not only ensures the curative effects but also beautifies the apperance of the breast.The operation has the advantages of simplity,less trauma and quick recovery.There is no difference compared with mastectomy in terms of complication,recurrence rate and mortality etc.

Medicinal cupping: clinical application / 中国针灸

The commonly used tools and key points of manipulations of medicinal cupping therapy were introduced systematically in this article in order to study the concerning apparatuses, therapeutic methods, detailed manipulations, indications, application locations and medicine selection. Thus, an overall comprehension of the clinical application of medicinal cupping can be acquired, which may provide train of thought and methodology for its clinical application.