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The protection of research participants’ rights and interests is mainly guaranteed through the informed consent system and the ethical review of the Ethics Committee. In practice, some sponsors or researchers misused or mixed legal terms when writing the informed consent forms. More importantly, during the implementation of informed consent by researchers, the phenomenon that insufficient and incomplete notification, and derogation of research participants’ specific rights and interests occurred. This not only affected the scientific nature of the research, but also violated the original intention of clinical trials or medical researchers, and did not fully respect the human dignity and value of research participants. It was urgent for the ethics committee to correct it during the ethical review, and urge the researchers or sponsors to correct and improve it in a timely manner.
RESUMEN
Subjects’ informed consent are needed in biomedical research, which has been confirmed by the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Basic Medical and Health Care, and Law on Doctors of the People’s Republic of China. Due to the professionalism and complexity of the law, researchers often have deficiencies in the use of legal terms, the fulfillment of disclosure obligations and the protection of subjects’ rights and interests when writing informed consent forms. When the ethics committee conducts ethical review on the informed consent form of the subjects, there are some problems such as lack of objective ability or insufficient subjective attention to the above shortcomings of the researchers. By combing the legal points, this paper summarized the correction scheme to provide reference for ethical review.
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Unrelated living organ cross -transplantation has rich connotation and complex constructs .Revie-wing on the legislative attitudes of countries and regions around the world , there are three types including absolute prohibition , strict limit and explicit permission .From the perspectives of law , ethics and practice in our country , unrelated living organ cross-transplantation has had a legitimate basis .In the future, our country should recognize unrelated living organ cross -transplantation by legislation .In addition, it should strictly limit its applicable condi-tions and procedures , further to improve the distribution and sharing system of organ transplantation and explore the establishment of appropriate compensation systems for organ donors .
RESUMEN
Unrelated living organ cross -transplantation has rich connotation and complex constructs .Revie-wing on the legislative attitudes of countries and regions around the world , there are three types including absolute prohibition , strict limit and explicit permission .From the perspectives of law , ethics and practice in our country , unrelated living organ cross-transplantation has had a legitimate basis .In the future, our country should recognize unrelated living organ cross -transplantation by legislation .In addition, it should strictly limit its applicable condi-tions and procedures , further to improve the distribution and sharing system of organ transplantation and explore the establishment of appropriate compensation systems for organ donors .
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At present,domestic and foreign have not yet formed a unified understanding of telemedicine.The distribution of medical resources in our country is not balanced,the grassroots or remote areas are lack of medical resources,especially high quality human resources,thus our country has the inner demand of developing on telemedicine.Due to the lagging of legislation and policy,telemedicine puts forward many legal and ethical challenges on the practicing qualification of physicians,the practicing registration of physicians,the protection of the rights of patients' informed consent and privacy,and so on.We should carefully distinguish the behavior of health counseling or diagnoses & treatment in telemedicine,in order to clarify the legal relationships among of the invitational medical institution,invitee medical institution,and patient,it will be the basis of bearing of legal liability.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of rosmarinic acid and total polysaccharide in Hysso-pus. offcinalis. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to determine the content of rosmarinic acid in H. offcinalis. The column was Shim-pack VP-ODS with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% formic(17:83,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 330 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. UV-visible spectrophotometry was conducted to determine the content of total polysaccharide,detection wavelength was 620 nm. RESULTS:The linear range was 10.86-54.30 μg/ml (r=0.999 8)for rosmarinic acid and 1.996-15.97 μg/ml for total polysaccharide(r=0.999 6);RSDs of precision,stability and re-producibility tests were lower than 1.0% and 2.0%,respectively;recoveries were 98.20%-101.79%(RSD=1.68%,n=6) and 96.62%-101.68%(RSD=1.88%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and reproducible,and can be used for the con-tents determination of rosmarinic acid and total polysaccharide in H. offcinalis.
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Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is the process of pumping raw materials with a rotating screw under the elevated temperature and pressure through a die to from a product with the uniform shape. This technique combines many advantages of solid dispersion technology and mechanical preparation, including dust reduction, short duration of extrusion process, without use of organic solvents and water, without heat drying and hydrolysis, etc. In addition, it has the superiority in solubility, taste masking, drug stability and drug release. Besides, this technique has good reproducibility, high production efficiency, and it can be online monitored in the mass production. Therefore, this technique is widely used in the research and development of drug dosage forms involved in rapid and immediate drug release, sustained drug release, gastrointestinal drug site-specific release, transdermal drug delivery systems and so on. This paper reviews the advantages of HME and its recent application in the pharmaceutical research.
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This practice of villagers' autonomy in township governance has transformed the income model of rural doctors,desalinated the nature of public welfare of village clinics,weakened the occupational attractions of rural doctors,softened the once strict assessment on rural doctors previously conducted by health authorities,and affected the selection of rural doctors in their place of practice.These setbacks discourage professionals in becoming rural doctors,and discourage their incentive to be competent.Outcomes of such a practice include shrinkage medical and health services provided in different degrees,poor distribution of rural doctors in overlapping,shifts or blank,all these affecting the equity and accessibility of the rural residents' access to basic medical and health services,and the construction of rural harmonious doctor-patient relationship.
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AIM: To establish the quality standard for Hanshi Tougu Tablets(Radix Aconiti Praeparata,Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Praeparata,Ramulus Cinnamomi,Rhizoma Atractylodis, Semen Sinapis,Radix Aucklandiae,Radix Glycyrrhizae). METHODS: Rhizoma Atractylodis,Semen Sinapis,Radix Glycyrrhizae in Hanshi Tougu Tablet were identified by TLC.The content of cinnamaldehyde and costunolide in Hanshi Tougu Tablets were determinded by HPLC. RESULTS: Rhizoma Atractylodis,Semen Sinapis,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Aconiti Praeparata and Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Praeparata could be identified by TLC.Cinnamaldehyde showed a good linear relationship at the range of 2.104 ?g?mL~(-1)-52.60 ?g?mL~(-1),r=0.999 8(n=5), and the recovery was(99.62%,) RSD was(0.88%).Costunolide also showed a good linear relationship at a range of(0.036) mg?mL~(-1)-0.54 mg?mL~(-1),r=(0.999 9)(n=5),and the recovery was 96.10%,RSD was 0.15%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate and with strong specificity and can be used for the quality control of Hanshi Tougu Tablets.