Stability and antibacterial activity in vitro of temporary preparation ceftazidime and vancomycin eyedrops / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the stability and antibacterial activity in vitro of temporary preparation ceftazidime and vancomycin eyedrops respectively under different storage temperatures and light conditions.Methods Solutions of ceftazidime 50 mg/mL and vancomycin 50 mg/mL were prepared by reconstituting with balanced salt solution ( BSS) and stored at 4℃ and 24℃with and without exposure to light, respectively.Changes in pH values and physical characteristics of the solutions were recorded and minimum bactericidal concentrations against P.aeruginosa and S.aureus were measured at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28d respectively.Results The antibacterial potency of ceftazidime decreased significantly from days 3 and 7 at storage temperatures of 24℃ and 4℃, respectively, but was not affected by light exposure.The pH value progressed from acidic to alkaline, reached maxium value at 3 day, in all solutions.The antibacterial potency of vancomycin remained stable during the four-week period, but its pH increased showed that acidity decreased.Conclusion Ceftazidime eyedrops in BSS appears to remain effective against P.aeruginosa 7 days above when stored at 4℃, but are less effective when stored at 24℃.The degradation was observed using the color changes of ceftazidime solution and its physical properties, which should be pay attention to the suddenly rise in the 3rd day, however, as it may affect patients’tolerance.Vancomycin eyedrops in BSS can be safely used for 4 weeks above, stored at either 4℃ or 24℃.

Research on the patterns of upper airway obstructive levels by drug-induced sleep endoscopy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the patterns of airway collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) by dexmedetomidine induced sleep endoscopy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five obstructive sleep apnea patients diagnosed by polysomnography were given dexmedetomidine intravenously. Once the patient was sedated in dorsal position, the electronic nasopharyngoscope was inserted transnasally and positioned on five levels of the upper airway sequentially (velum, oropharyngeal lateral wall, tongue base, epiglottis and larynx) to observe and document the collapse. Each level should be observed no less than three apneas. The degree of airway narrowing was calculated by using the ImageTool. No obstruction was defined when the degree of airway narrowing <50%, and complete obstruction when ≥ 75%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 45 patients with OSAHS, 1 case showed no obstruction on any level, 6 cases demonstrated obstructions on single level only, and 38 cases demonstrated complete obstructions on multilevel, including 17 cases with complete obstructions on two levels, 15 cases complete obstructions on three levels, and 6 cases complete obstructions on four levels. The patterns of collapse found in the trial were: (1) circumferential stricture by velum collapse was found in 43 patients, and 41 cases showed complete obstructions; (2) the side wall of oropharynx all collapsed in a lateral configuration, and 32 cases showed complete obstructions on this level; (3) anteroposterior swallowing tongue base was common, 11 cases showed partial obstructions on level of tongue base, and 10 cases complete; (4) epiglottic collapses occurred in lateral configuration folding as V shape; in anteroposterior configuration, epiglottis met posterior wall of the pharynx due to swallowing tongue base; the server soften epiglottis obstructed the entrance of the larynx, while the mild soften epiglottis and the collapsed side wall of pharynx came into being obstructions in concentric configuration; (5) the arytenoid area and aryepiglottic fold mucosa inwardly covered the glottis when the obstruction occurred in the larynx.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The patterns of hypopharynx obstructions in OSAHS patients are multifarious. Lateral oropharyngeal wall, epiglottic and tone base collapse play an important role in the obstructions. The laryngeal obstruction can also be observed.</p>

The expression and clinical pathological significance of PDCD in laryngocarcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and clinical pathological significance of PDCD4 in laryngocarcinoma tissue and its potential significance to clinic.@*METHOD@#Western-blotting and immunohistochemistry ana lyse to measure the protein expression of PDCD4 in 54 cases of laryngocarcinoma tissues (studying group) and their paraneoplastic normal tissues (control group). The correlations of PDCD4 with clinical pathological parameters were analyzed.@*RESULT@#PDCD4 protein was positively expressed in paraneoplastic normal tissue while which was lost or decreased in laryngocarcinoma tissue by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry assay showed the location of PDCD4 protein in cells was different between the studying group and the control group. The expression level of PDCD4 was related to the pathological grades of the laryngocarcinoma. It's higher in the well-differentiated tumor group than that in the poorly differentiated ones. But the expressions of PDCD4 were no differences among other clinical parameters including sex, age, clinical classification, clinical stage and the cervical lymphonodus who had been metastases or not.@*CONCLUSION@#PDCD4 gene is anti-oncogene. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma and it may be a new target of therapy for laryngo carcinoma.

Effect of H3R agonist, IMETIT on allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the treatment of H3R agonist, IMETIT, on the allergic rhinitis(AR) ,and the influence to mRNA of Substance P(SP) and Substance P Receptor (SP-R) in AR model of guinea pigs.@*METHOD@#The severity of AR was assessed by allergic symptoms (sneezing, nasal rubbing and nose blocking). The changes in the nasal mucosa were studied by pathological methods. The expression of SP positive cell was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of SP-R mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptive polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).@*RESULT@#Histamine H3R agonists, IMETIT can effectively improve the AR symptoms, sneezing, nasal itching, nasal congestion, reduce the pathological changes in the nasal mucosa, cut down the SP secretion and SP-R mRNA expression.@*CONCLUSION@#Histamine H3R agonist, IMETIT can effectively relieve the symptoms of AR in guinea pigs, which is related to reducing SP secretion and SP-R mRNA expression.