Analysis of medium and long term efficacy of ossicle chain bypass technique in treatment of tympanosclerosis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:For tympanosclerosis patients with ossicular chain fixation, we use ossicular chain bypass technique and evaluate its long-term effects. Methods:From June 2017 to June 2019, 147 patients with tympanosclerosis who underwent middle ear surgery with otoscopy in Yinchuan First People's Hospital were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the implemented operation plan, 51 cases in the ossicular chain mobilization group（OCM）, 56 cases in the ossicular chain bypass reconstruction group（OCB）, and 40 cases in the malleus-incus complex resection reconstruction group（MICR）. Through a three-year follow-up, the medium and long-term effects of different operation plans were compared and analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference among the three groups in the incidence of tympanic membrane perforation, delayed facial nerve palsy, and the dispatch and displacement of PORP. The incidence of tympanic membrane retraction pocket or cholesteatoma after operation in OCB group（0） was significantly lower than that in OCM group（11.76%） and MICR group（7.5%）（P<0.05）. At 12 months after operation, ΔABG of OCB group and MICR group were better than that in the OCM group（P<0.05）. At 36 months after operation, ΔABG of OCB group was better than that in the OCM group（P<0.05）, and there was no significant difference between OCB group and MICR group. The audiological performance of patients with epitympanic sclerosis（ETS） at 12, 24 and 36 months after operation was better than that of patients with posterior tympanosclerosis（PTS） and total tympanosclerosis（TTS）（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Compared with patients undergoing ossicular chain mobilization and malleus-incus complex resection for ossicular chain reconstruction, patients with tympanosclerosis undergoing bypass technique have better and stable hearing prognosis in medium and long term. This technique can effectively prevent the formation of retracted pocket and cholesteatoma in patients with tympanosclerosis after operation.

Distribution characteristics and results of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Ningxia area / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Ningxia, and provide theoretical data for the prevention and treatment of AR in this region. Methods:A total of 1664 patients diagnosed with AR in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Yinchuan First People's Hospital Outpatient Clinic from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Use the allergen sIgE antibody detection kit （immunoblotting method） to detect inhalation and ingestion allergens in patients.Results: ①Among all AR patients, 1 158 cases were detected positive, resulting in the detection rate was 69.59%; ②The detection rate of inhalation allergen was 65.87%, and the detection rate of ingestion allergen was 19.83%; ③Mugwort was the most sensitive allergen, and 76.32% of the patients having a positive grade ≥3; ④Out of the patients, 294 cases （25.39%） were allergic to only one allergen, 244 cases （21.07%） were allergic to two allergens, and 620 cases （53.54%） were allergic to three or more allergens; ⑤During different seasons, the highest number of positive allergens detected was in the summer, with 968 cases （83.59%）. Mugwort was the main allergen during this season （69.01%）. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the total positive rate of sIgE tests in AR patients decreased compared to before, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.001）; ⑥Mugwort, dog epithelium, mold combination, egg, peanut, soybean, Marine fish combination and fruit combination all showed statistically significant differences between different gender groups （P<0.05）; ⑦Common ragweed, mugwort, dust mite combination, cockroach, egg, milk, Marine fish combination, shrimp, fruit combination and nut combination all showed statistically significant differences among different age groups （P<0.05）; ⑧There were statistically significant differences in hay dust among different ethnic groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Artemisia argyi is the main allergen in Ningxia, and the distribution characteristics of different allergens are influenced by treatment season, the COVID-19 epidemic, gender, age, ethnicity, and other factors, showing certain distribution patterns and rules.

Epidemiological investigation of allergic rhinitis in Ningxia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ningxia and to analyze its related factors.@*Methods@#From March to September of 2013, a multi-stage and cluster sampling method was used to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Ningxia Area (3 years and above). Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009, Wuyishan) was used as the basis for the diagnosis of adult AR, while Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis (2010, Chongqing) was used as the basis for children. SPSS 16.0 software was used to complete the statistical analysis.@*Results@#The total number of questionnaires was 6 000, and the number of effective questionnaire was 5 236, the recovery rate was 87.27%. With 684 cases diagnosed of AR, the prevalence of AR in Ningxia was 13.06% (684/5 236), including 13.40% (325/2 425) of males, 12.77% (359/2 811) of females. The difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.456, P>0.05). There was significant difference in the prevalence between Hui and Han [14.35% (452/3 150) vs 11.12% (232/2 086), χ2=11.51, P<0.05]. According to ARIA criteria, persistent AR was 27.63% (189/684), intermittent AR was 72.37% (495/684). The month with highest incidence of AR in Ningxia Area was September, accounting for 71.78% (491/684). The prevalence of urban population was 14.54%, with the prevalence of rural population was 11.90%, and the difference was significant between urban and rural residents (χ2=7.90, P<0.05). The age group with highest prevalence rate was 21~30 years old. The main inhalation allergens were mugwort (68.42%), weeds (58.48%) and ragweed (55.56%). The main dietary allergens were wheat flour (14.33%), peanut (13.74%) and walnut kernel (11.99%). The most common complication was allergic conjunctivitis [82.02% (561/684)].@*Conclusion@#The epidemiology of AR in Ningxia Area is preliminarily understood, which will provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR and the formulation of public health policy.

Survey on the prevalence of childhood allergic rhinitis in Yinchuan / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the epidemic features of childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) and correlative risk factors in Yinchuan.@*METHOD@#A questionnaire survey on AR was conducted among 800 children in eight communities, aged from 5 to 14 years old, by random cluster sampling, from March 2012 to March 2013 in Yinchuan. Suspects of AR, as identified by the survey, were recommended to specialist examinations for accurate diagnosis. The results were statistically analyzed.@*RESULT@#Seven hundred and sixteen questionnaires were returned and 662 questionnaires were available. The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 5 to 14 is 14.65% in Yinchuan. Seventy-nine point thirty-eight percent children suffered from intermittent AR, while 20.61% children suffered from persistent AR. The difference of prevalence between female (13.57%) and male (15.44%) was insignificant statistically (Χ2=0.454, P>0.05). The difference of prevalence between the Han (15.72%) and the Hui (11.35%) insignificant statistically (Χ2=2.055, P>0.05). The prevalence of AR children aged five to nine years was 13.80%, as aged ten to fourteen years was 19.72%. There was a significante differece between two groups (Χ2=4.056, P<0.05). The most explosive outbreak month in children with allergic rhinitis was July to September. The most common allergens found in patients were seasonal plants: mugwort, weed, dandelion, cereal, locust, ragweed, and willow. Fifteen point forty-six percent patients with AR also had rhinitic, 14.43% patients had asthma and 14.43% patients had allergic conjunctivitis. The history of drug allergy accounted for 12.37% in patients with AR, and food allergy accounted for 26.80%. In allergic rhinitis risk factors, family history accounted for 30.92%, non-breastfeeding representing accounted for 34.02%, animal feeding history accounted for 19.59%; exposure to passive smoking accounted for 42.26%; domestic decoration accounted for 12.37%. There were significante difference between AR children and normal in family history and non-breastfeeding (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 5 to 14 in Yinchuan is 14.45%. Strategy of prevention and treatment of AR should be worked out according to the epidemic feature of AR.