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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system degenerative disease that is prone to occur in the pre-senile period and senile period . It is characterized by behavioral impairment and progressive cognitive impairment, with an insidious onset and progressive aggravation. It not only has cognitive decline, but also is accompanied by other neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Memory loss is the core symptom of the disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia. In recent years, with the increasing incidence of the two diseases, more and more studies have reported the correlation between AD and DM. This article reviews the correlation between AD and DM from the aspects of correlation research, pathological mechanism and drug treatment through the review of relevant literature, with a view to providing guidance for clinical practice.
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Objective @#To verify the feasibility of using a homemade lung phantom for quality control of Cyberknife by comparing the measurement results of the homemade lung phantom and CIRS dynamic phantom in E2E testing of Cyberknife lung tracking. @*Methods @#The patient treatment process was simulated, including CT positioning, plan design, irra- diation implementation, film scanning, and analysis using the homemade phantom and CIRS phantom. The two phantoms were measured five times using MLC under the S7 generation Cyberknife and five times using Iris under the M6 generation Cyberknife. The differences in measurement results between the two phantoms were analyzed using independent sample t-test.@*Results @#For the S7 generation Cyberknife, the statistical analysis of differences between the two phantoms in the detection values on the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, and total deviation showed P values of 0.236, 0.175, 0.289, and 0.668, respect- ively. For the M6 generation Cyberknife, the statistical analysis showed P values of 0.880, 0.891, 0.573, and 0.433, respect- ively. The P values were all > 0.05. Therefore, there were no statistically significant differences in the detection results between the homemade lung phantom and the CIRS phantom under the S7 and M6 generation Cyberknife. The total deviation values were <1.5 mm.@*Conclusion @#The homemade lung phantom and CIRS phantom have consistent measurement results in the E2E testing of Cyberknife lung tracking and meet the requirements of Report of AAPM TG-135 and WS 667- 2019 standard. Therefore, the homemade lung phantom is feasible for clinical quality control of Cyberknife.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between the tortuosity of the internal carotid artery and the formation of internal carotid aneurysms.Methods:The clinical data of patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease admitted to the Jinling Hospital from July 2009 to March 2017 were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent head CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Patients with single internal carotid artery aneurysm were classified as the aneurysm group, and patients without obvious abnormal vascular disease were classified as the control group. The demographic information of the patients, including age, gender, history of hypertension and diabetes, were collected. The size of the aneurysm and the tortuosity parameters of the internal carotid artery were measured, including the classification of the tortuosity of internal carotid artery, anterior genu angle (A angle), posterior genu angle (P angle), sum of the angles of A angle and P angle (AP angle) and height difference of anterior genu and posterior genu (D value). SPSS software was used for propensity score matching (PSM). Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ 2 test, Fisher exact test were used to compare the differences of each parameter between the two groups. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the tortuosity and aneurysm size. A multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of aneurysm formation and to predict the formation of internal carotid aneurysm. The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve were used for model performance. Results:After PSM, 108 patients were included in each group. The proportion of tortuous internal carotid artery in the aneurysm group was lower than that in the control group [19.4% (21/108) vs. 32.4% (35/108), χ 2=4.72, P=0.030]. A, P and AP angles in the aneurysm group were significantly larger than those in the control group ( U=7 105.50, P=0.006; U=7 139.00, P=0.004; t=-3.14, P=0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AP angle (OR=1.010, 95%CI 1.003-1.016, P=0.002) was an independent risk factor for aneurysm formation. The area under the curves of logistic regression model based on AP angle was 0.624 (95%CI 0.549-0.699). There was a weak correlation between the size of internal carotid artery aneurysm and AP angle ( r=0.210, P=0.002). Conclusions:The tortuosity of the internal carotid artery is associated with the formation of internal carotid artery aneurysms, and the AP angle is an independent risk factor for the formation of internal carotid artery aneurysms, and a weak positive correlation with the size of the aneurysm is observed. It provides a new idea for understanding the formation of internal carotid artery aneurysms from the morphological characteristics of the parent artery.
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Objective:To investigate the application effect of simulation teaching in basic nursing practical teaching for undergraduates.Methods:A total of 271 nursing undergraduate intern students in the classes of 2018 and 2019 were selected as subjects, among whom 135 students in the class of 2018 were established as control group and 136 students in the class of 2019 were established as experimental group. The students in the control group received conventional practical training, and those in the experimental group received simulation teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of test scores and self-efficacy scores after practical teaching, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the degree of satisfaction with practical teaching among students. SPSS 20.0 was used for the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher average scores of theoretical examination (88.78±5.17 vs. 82.04±4.36, P<0.05) and practical examination (96.90±5.05 vs. 90.48±5.34, P<0.05), as well as a significantly higher self-efficacy score (29.80±3.83 vs. 28.76±2.75, P<0.05). The experimental group had a significantly higher degree of satisfaction with clinical teaching than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Simulation teaching can effectively increase the practical score of nursing students, enhance their sense of self-efficacy, and improve their satisfaction with clinical teaching.
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Objective To investigate the current situation of radiological health technical service institutions and their technical services in China, and to provide a basis for better utilizing radiological health technical service resources and strengthening institutions’ capability building. Methods From October to December 2021, we conducted quality monitoring, ability comparison, capability building surveys, and other investigations on radiation health technical services to collect information on the qualifications and technical services of radiation health service institutions. The data were pooled and analyzed using SPSS software. Results By the end of 2021, there were 608 radiological health technical service institutions across China, with 47.0% of them located in the eastern region, and the percentage of institutions in the health system (42.6%) was less than that in the non-health system (57.4%). Institutions of grade A offered 62.3% of technical services, while institutions of grade B provided 37.7% of technical services; technical services provided by the non-health system and the health system accounted for 84.2% and 15.8%, respectively; institutions in the health system at the province, prefecture, and county levels offered 37.1%, 50.6%, and 12.3% of technical services, respectively. Conclusion In recent years, the proportion of institutions in the non-health system has increased significantly, but the proportion of institutions in the health system with radiological health qualifications is small, and the development is uneven in the numbers of institutions, technical services, and professional and technical personnel in the eastern, central, and western regions and at the province, prefecture, and county levels in China. It is necessary to further encourage and support health system institutions in strengthening capability building and applying for radiological health qualifications, and to increase construction and investment in the western region and at the district/county levels, in order to improve the overall capability and level of radiological health technical services in the country.
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β-Thalassemia caused by abnormal coding of the β-globin gene is the most common hemoglobinopathy in many Asian countries. The in-depth study of the molecular basis and epigenetic mechanism of globin gene expression is the key to explore a new treatment for thalassemia. In this study, FAIRE (formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements), 3C (chromosome conformation capture) and ChIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation) were used to investigate the three-dimensional interaction network of β-globin family gene loci and the molecular mechanism of functional regulation of gene expression during rapamycin-induced chromatin remodeling in CD4+ T cells. The results showed that the opening degree of globin gene chromatin, the interaction frequency between the gene promoter region and the regulatory element LCR (Locus control regions), and the enrichment efficiency of CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) in the gene promoter region changed differently during the change of rapamycin treatment concentration from low to high, which led to the same change trend of the gene expression pattern. At the 10 nmol/ L concentration, chromatin accessibility and gene expression decreased (P < 0. 05). At 20 nmol/ L and 50 nmol/ L concentrations, chromatin accessibility increased and gene expression was up-regulated (P < 0. 05). In this study, the molecular mechanism of gene expression regulation of the β-globin family was expounded through this dynamic change process. Our work provides a theoretical and clinical practice basis for clinical precision treatment.
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Aim To explore the effects of carvedilol on atherogenesis in mice. Methods Eight-week-old ApoE mice were placed on an atherogenic chow and randomly divided into control and carvedilol group. The mice in both groups were intraperitoneally administered with vehicle or carvedilol 12. 5 mg • kg once daily, respectively. After 10 weeks, histopathological alterations of brachiocephalic trunk, liver, pancreas and adipose tissues were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and oil red 0 staining, the level of blood glucose, blood lipids, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , and liver fatty acid P-oxidase were determined, and glucose tolerance/insulin tolerance tests were performed as well. In addition , hepatic mRNA and protein expression of ACAD10 and mTOR were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the area of atherosclerotic plaque ( P < 0. 01 ) and intima-to-media ratio ( P < 0. 05) in the carvedilol group all significantly de- creased , aortic damages were obviously improved, glucose and insulin tolerance were remarkably enhanced; moreover, HDL-C concentration in serum increased (P <0. 05) . Notably, HE and oil red 0 staining revealed that carvedilol almost completely reversed hepatic steatosis, increased liver fatty acid beta oxidase levels (P < 0. 01 ) , along with the reduction in ALT (P < 0. 01 ) and AST (P <0. 01) levels, even improvement of pancreatic and adipose impairments in ApoE mice. In carvedilol group, the mRNA (P <0. 01) and protein expression levels (P <0. 05) of ACAD10 were significantly up-regulated, while mTOR was significantly down-regulated compared with that in the control group (P <0. 01). Conclusions Our results indicate that carvedilol regulates mTOR and ACAD10 in liver, which may contribute to the alleviation of fatty liver, and even atherogenesis.
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BackgroundDepression presents a significant risk to the physical and mental health of the elderly. The relationship between sleep and depressive symptoms has become a major research focus. However， previous research findings on this relationship have yielded inconsistent conclusions. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in the elderly， in order to provide insights into the prevention of depressive symptoms and delaying their progression in the elderly. MethodsData analysis involved 8 210 adults aged 60 years or older， utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS） survey. Participants were categorized into two groups those with depressive symptoms and those without- based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 Scale （CESD-10） criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms. ResultsThe 318 people with depressive symptoms were detected among the 8 210 elderly participants， with an average sleep duration of （6.14±2.05） hours per night. Restricted cubic spline models showed a non-linear association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms （χ2=412.670，P<0.01）. After adjusting for confounding factors， compared to the elderly with a sleep duration 7~7.9 hours， the risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly was 2.971 times higher （95% CI： 2.560~3.449， P<0.01） in those with a sleep duration <6 hours， 1.372 times higher （95% CI： 1.161~1.621， P<0.01） in those with 6~6.9 hours， and 1 185 times higher （95% CI： 1.009~1.393， P<0.05） in those with ≥8 hours. Subgroup analysis showed no correlation between sleep duration ≥8 hours and the risk of depressive symptoms across genders and the 60~69 age group （P>0.05）. ConclusionThere was an approximately nonlinear association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms， with differences by gender and age.［Funded by Sichuan Applied Psychology Research Center， Chengdu Medical College （number， CSXL-22226）］
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@#The rapid advances in technology and medicine have greatly facilitated the application of ionizing radiation. Clinically, radiotherapy is one of the major treatments for malignant tumors. However, besides killing tumor cells, ionizing radiation inevitably leads to radiation damage and even death of normal cells. How ionizing radiation causes cell death and the forms of cell death have always been important research topics in this field. Recently, several forms of cell death induced by irradiation have been discovered. Apart from apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagic cell death, and methuosis have gradually become research hotspots, and provide new targets for the development of radioprotective drugs and radiosensitizers. In this review, we summarize various forms of ionizing radiation-induced cell death and related molecular mechanisms. We also introduce the latest progress in radiation protection and radiosensitization based on these cell death mechanisms. This review will provide a reference for the research and development of radioprotective drugs and radiosensitizers in the future.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the flow immunophenotype and clinical characteristics of leukemia patients with positive SET-CAN fusion gene.@*METHODS@#A total of 7 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients with SET-CAN fusion gene admitted to Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from February 2016 to February 2020 were collected. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of SET-CAN fusion gene. The immunophenotype was detected by four-color flow cytometry. The case information of 17 literatures published at home and abroad was extracted for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#Among the 7 patients, 2 cases were diagnosed as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), 2 cases as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 3 cases as T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). Leukemia cells in bone marrow specimens of all cases expressed or partially expressed CD34, CD33 and CD7. CD5 and cytoplasmic CD3 were expressed in 5 patients except 2 patients diagnosed with AML. Bone marrow and lymph node specimens were both detected in 2 patients, and the immunophenotypes of the two specimens were not completely consistent, with differences in lineage or maturity related markers. Two patients with MPAL showed differentiated response to treatment. One AML patient gave up treatment, and another AML patient with FLT3-ITD gene mutation had a poor prognosis. All three T-ALL/LBL patients maintained a long duration of remission after induced remission, and one case underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are common characteristics of immunophenotype in patients with positive SET-CAN fusion gene. Differential expression of immunophenotype in samples from different parts is observed in some cases. The prognosis of these diseases varies.
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Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Médula Ósea/patología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Antígenos CD34 , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras , InmunofenotipificaciónRESUMEN
Objective: Exploring the mediating effect of perceived social support between the maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety. Methods: Singleton pregnant women who underwent antenatal checkups in the obstetrics department of general hospital affiliated to Ningxia Medical University from July to December 2021 were enrolled in this study to investigate perceived social support, pregnancy-related anxiety and conscious personality traits. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between the maternal personality traits, perceived social support, and pregnancy-related anxiety, and the mediating effect of perceived social support was analyzed using Bootstrap method. Results: A total of 1 259 subjects were included in the study, of which 170 (13.50%) pregnant women felt introverted. The total score of perceived social support was (46.37±8.38), and 31.45% of pregnant women had high perceived social support. The total score of pregnancy-related anxiety was (21.48±5.53). The score of worry about fetal health was (10.09±3.24), and 368 (29.23%) of pregnant women had pregnancy-related anxiety. Maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety were negatively correlated (r=-0.076, P<0.05) and positively correlated with perceived social support during pregnancy (r= 0.127, P<0.05). Perceived social support during pregnancy and pregnancy-related anxiety were negatively correlated (r=-0.236, P<0.05). Perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between the maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety, with a relative effect value of 37.50%. Conclusion: The maternal personality traits, level of perceived social support and pregnancy-related anxiety are all related. Perceived social support could mediate the relationship between the maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety.
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Femenino , Embarazo , Humanos , Ansiedad , Mujeres Embarazadas , Personalidad , Apoyo Social , Atención PrenatalRESUMEN
Objective:To evaluate the effect of inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling on sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) in mice.Methods:Eighty healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 22-24 g, were divided into 4 groups using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group, n=10), SAE group ( n=35), SAE plus sgp130Fc group ( n=25) and sgp130Fc group ( n=10). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in anesthetized animals.Sham and sgp130Fc groups received no CLP.In group sgp130Fc and group SAE+ sgp130Fc, sgp130Fc 0.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h after sham operation or CLP.The survival rates, body weight and neurological function scores were recorded within 1-10 days after sham operation or CLP.Four mice in each group were selected at 24 h after sham operation or CLP to detect the expression of occlusin in hippocampus by Western blot.Five mice in each group were selected to measure cognitive function using Morris water maze test at day 4 after sham operation or CLP. Results:Compared with group Sham, the survival mice, body weight and neurological function scores on days 2-10 after CLP were significantly decreased, the expression of occludin was down-regulated, the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased, and the time spent in target quadrant was shortened in group SAE ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the indexes mentioned above in group sgp130Fc ( P>0.05). Compared with group SAE, the survival rate and neurological function scores on days 3-10 after CLP were significantly increased, the expression of occludin was up-regulated, the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased, and the time spent in target quadrant was prolonged ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in body weight in group SAE+ sgp130Fc ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling can reduce the damage to the blood brain barrier and SAE in mice.
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@#Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of common pathogens of fungal bloodstream infection in Sichuan, and to provide reference for clinicians to empirically treat fungal bloodstream infection. Methods From November 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, fungal strains isolated from blood culture of patients diagnosed with bloodstream infection in 19 tertiary first-class general hospitals in Sichuan Province were collected for mass spectrometry identification and drug susceptibility, and the results were statistically analyzed, along with a retrospective analysis of clinical data. Results A total of 255 fungal strains were received and identified by mass spectrometry, 215 strains of Candida spp (84.3%), 28 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans (11.0%), 4 strains of Talaromyces marneffei (1.6%) and 8 strains of others (3.1%). Among the Candida spp 90 strains of Candida albicans, 39 strains of Candida parapsilosis complex, 36 strains of Candida glabrata, 33 strains of Candida tropicalis, 8 strains of Candida guilliermondii, and 9 strains of other Candida. In the department, the ICU was predominant, accounting for 35.7%. The top four Candida (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis complex, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis) were analyzed for drug sensitivity, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis complex group were more sensitive to antifungal drugs, the sensitivity rates of Candida albicans to fluconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micarafungin were 89.2%, 92.8%, 97.6%, 97.6%, 96.4%, respectively. The sensitivity rates of Candida parapsilosis to fluconazole and voriconazole were 89.7% and 94.9%, and to anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin were all 100%. Echinocandins had stronger antibacterial activity against Candida spp., Candida parapsilosis complex and Candida tropicalis had 100% sensitivity to echinocandins, Candida albicans had more than 95% sensitivity to echinocandins, and Candida glabrata had about 90% sensitivity to echinocandins. Candida tropicalis was less sensitive to fluconazole and voriconazole with 66.7% and 54.5%, and the sensitivity of Candida glabrata to fluconazole was mainly concentrated in susceptible dose dependent (SDD), accounting for 91.4%. The four Candida species did not show resistance to amphotericin B, all of them showed wild-type strains, Candida tropicalis showed the highest non-wild-type rate to posaconazole and itraconazole with 21.2% and 36.4%, and the drug sensitivity results of Cryptococcus neoformans showed that 4 out of 23 strains showed resistance to amphotericin B (non-wild-type) and 3 strains showed resistance to fluconazole (non-wild-type). Conclusions The fungus of bloodstream infection is mainly Candida spp.. Among of them, Candida albicans accounts for the highest percentage, echinocandins have good antibacterial effect on Candida, Candida is sensitive to amphotericin B as wild type, but Candida tropicalis has slightly higher resistance rate to fluconazole and voriconazole, and the non-wild type rate of Cryptococcus neoformans to amphotericin B is increasing, and clinicians should pay high attention to the rational use of antifungal drugs.
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Clinical trials of anti-tumor drugs is not only the important way to develop new drugs, but also the most advanced treatment methods for malignant tumors, bringing survival benefits to patients. There are a large number of new anti-tumor drug clinical trials for lung cancer patients, covering a wide variety of anti-tumor drugs, and with rapid progress and high efficiency of clinical transformation. These trials could not be carried out successfully without the joint efforts of the research team, in which the research nurses also played a role that should not be underestimated. Combined with the work content of clinical research nurses, this paper introduced the post management, role function, core competence and career development prospect of clinical research nurses in the process of carrying out clinical trial of lung cancer drugs in detail. In order to provide reference for more medical institutions to carry out related work, and promote the further development of clinical research nurses to standardization and specialization. .
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Humanos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Objective:To analyze the competence assessment examinations of registered dietitians in China during 2017-2021 to inform the training of dietetic professionals.Methods:A systematic review was conducted about the composition and changing trends of examination participants during 2017-2021. Participants were divided into subgroups based on gender, age, education, professional background and affiliations and the qualification rate was compared across different subgroups.Results:The number of examination participants showed an increasing trend overall, with the majority being females and aged 26-35 years. The ratio of participants with bachelor's: master's: doctor's degree was about 15: 9: 1. The proportion of participants majoring in nutrition science decreased from 32.1% to 20.3%, while that of participants majoring in other medical and food sciences increased. Among participants from healthcare institutions, a decreasing proportion of participants were with a major in nutrition science, while this proportion among participants from companies were stable at 38.8% to 50.2%. The average qualification rate was 35.7%, showing no significant differences among different gender and age groups. But the qualification rate varied significantly across subgroups with different education level, professional background, and affiliations ( P < 0.05). Subgroups with more advanced degrees showed higher qualification rate and the best rate was observed in the subgroups with professional background in nutrition science and from nutrition-related institutions. Conclusion:The training of dietetic professionals in China should be improved, lifelong learning should be promoted in nutrition practitioners, and the sustainable development of dietitians should be impelled.
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How to improve the ability of nursing undergraduates in medical colleges to face more difficulties and reverse the dilemma in response to public health emergencies is a topic that needs to be further studied. It is an effective way to improve the level of students' adversity quotient by cultivating students' adversity quotient. This paper expounds the four dimensions of the composition of the four-dimensional adversity quotient, analyzes the factors influencing the formation of the four-dimensional adversity quotient, and puts forward the exploration of the path and method to cultivate the four-dimensional adversity quotient of undergraduate nursing students. In the practical teaching of nursing specialty, the adversity quotient can be cultivated through listening and communication.
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A 56-year-old man presented with vague upper abdominal pain for more than 4 months. His abdominal ultrasound and MRI showed thickening of the neck and base of the gallbladder and nodule formation at the base of the gallbladder. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed intense FDG uptake in the base of the gallbladder and multiple lymph nodes. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT not only showed intense FAPI uptake in the above mentioned FDG-avid lesions but also showed intense FAPI uptake in the neck lesion of the gallbladder and some other additional lymph nodes. Finally, histopathological examination confirmed poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma of the neck and base of the gallbladder. Our case illustrated that 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may outperform 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of gallbladder cancer primary and metastatic lesions.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the current status of sleep initiation patterns, influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns, and the influence of sleep initiation patterns on sleep quality in infants and young children.@*METHODS@#A total of 521 infants and young children, aged 0-35 months, who underwent physical examination at the outpatient service of the Department of Growth and Development in Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University were enrolled as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire and Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire were used to collect the information on family background, parenting behaviors, and sleep quality in the past one week. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of sleep initiation patterns on the number of nighttime awakenings.@*RESULTS@#Among the 521 infants and young children, 258 (49.5%) were breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep, 62 (11.9%) were rocked/held to initiate sleep, 39 (7.5%) slept independently, and 162 (31.1%) initiated sleep accompanied by parents. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the children with breastfeeding and a younger age were more likely to be breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep (P<0.05) and that the children with a younger age were also more likely to be rocked/held to initiate sleep (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding significantly increased the number of nighttime awakenings (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most infants and young children initiate sleep by being breastfed/bottle fed, rocked/held, or accompanied. The sleep initiation pattern is associated with the age of children and whether they are still breastfeeding. Sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding can increase the number of nighttime awakenings. io.
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Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Lactancia Materna , Cognición , Padres , Sueño , Calidad del SueñoRESUMEN
Objective:To meet the individualized needs of residents in standardized residency training of cardiac intervention specialty for cardiac ultrasound teaching, to construct a bionic 3D printing model of ultrasound source, and to discuss its application value in ultrasound teaching and simulation exercises.Methods:Sixty residents majored in cardiovascular medicine receiving standardized residency training of ultrasound in ultrasound imaging department of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were randomized into experimental group and control group in average. The experimental group adopted ultrasound bionic 3D printing heart model combined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional multimedia PPT combined with PBL teaching method. At the end of teaching activities, theoretical examination, operation assessment and questionnaire survey were conducted to evaluate and compare the teaching effect between the two groups. SPSS 21.0 software was performed for t test. Results:The theoretical examination scores of the experimental group and the control group were (81.4±8.2) points and (74.8±9.4) points, respectively, P=0.002, and the operation assessment scores were (89.1±5.6) points and (71.5±8.8) points, respectively, P<0.001. The questionnaire survey showed that the experimental group had better feedbacks than the control group in the aspects of mastery of heart anatomy knowledge, learning experience, learning interest, learning efficiency, understanding of interventional heart disease, clinical skills of interventional operation and overall satisfaction (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound bionic 3D printing combined with PBL teaching method can help strengthen the mastery of cardiac anatomy knowledge, promote the learning experience of cardiac ultrasound and improve the skills of interventional operation. The teaching effect is significant and the students' satisfaction is high.
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OBJECTIVE：To estab lish fingerprint of Duzhong butiansu pill s，analyze its chemical pattern recognition ，and determine the contents of 7 components in Duzhong butiansu pills ，so as to provide reference for the quality control of the preparation. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Pntulips BP-C 18 Plus column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid water-acetonitrile as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 330 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. With paeonol as the reference，the HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of Duzhong butiansu pills （S1-S12） were established with Similarity Evaluation System for TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）； common peaks were determined and the similarity was evaluated. The chromatographic peaks were identified by comparing with the reference substance. SPSS 21.0 and SIMCA 13.0 software were used for cluster analysis and principal component analysis ，and 22 common peaks were evaluated. The contents of the identified components in 12 batches of samples was determined by the above HPLC method. RESULTS ：A total of 22 common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprint of 12 batches of Duzhong butiansu pills ，and the similarity was no loss than 0.960. There were 7 chemical components identified ，which were gallic acid （peak 1），chlorogenic acid （peak 3），liquiritoside（peak 6），hyperoside （peak 7），verbascoside（peak 8），icariin（peak 14）and paeonol （peak 15）. Among the 12 batches of samples ，S1，S3-S5，S7， S9 and S 11 were classified as one category ，S2，S10 and S 124Y091 were clustered into one category ，S6 was one category and S was one category. The 22 common peaks were divided into three principal components. The characteristic value （15.130） and contribution rate （68.775％） of principal component 1 were the largest ，and the score coefficients of peak 3（0.305）and peak 4（0.298）were the highest. Among 12 batches of samples，the cont ents of above 7 components were 18.196 231.951 3，0.000 6-0.049 4，0.234 8-0.415 9，0.039 5-0.079 1，0.053 5-0.249 3，0.000 5-0.000 8，0.646 4-1.146 9 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS：HPLC fingerprint of Duzhong butiansu pills is established successfully. Twelve batches of samples are clustered into 4 category. Peak 3（chlorogenic acid ）and peak 4（unknown）may be the important factors causing the difference of samples. The content of gallic acid is the highest among the 7 components.