RESUMEN
Skin photoaging is caused by long-term exposure to sunlight. It is a kind of exogenous aging and one of the important causes of skin aging. The main symptoms include dry skin, roughness, sagging, wrinkles and localized pigmentation. There are diverse and complex mechanisms for causing skin photoaging, mainly involving oxidative stress, apoptosis, the role of matrix metalloproteinases, inflammatory reactions. The prevention and treatment methods of skin photoaging mainly include sunscreens, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory preparations. In recent years, the prevention and improvement of skin photoaging have become hotspots in the world. Therefore, the development of drugs with a defined anti-photoaging effect and clear anti-photoaging mechanism is urgent. Clinically, although retinoic acid and other drugs can alleviate skin photoaging, long-term use can cause side effects on central nervous system, and most of them have a strong irritation and damage to the skin. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has the advantages of natural material, stable action, less toxic and side effects; furthermore, TCM and its compound have a long history in curative application, with a unique effect. This paper explores the anti-skin photoaging mechanism of TCM in recent years, its modern application and study progress, in order to provide some reference for exploring the mechanism and prevention of skin photoaging.
RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of the extensive resection of the tumor-loading segment and artificial humerus head replacement combined with perioperative rehabilitation for the treatment of stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2007 to March 2010, 7 patients with stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus were treated. Among the patients, 3 patients were male and 4 patients were female with a mean age of 34.6 years (ranged, 18 to 49 years). The mean course of disease was 19 months (ranged, 6 to 35 months). All the patients were confirmed to suffer stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus by pathology and X-ray examinations. Clinical manifestations of the patients included persistence aggravated pain of the shoulder, swelling in the proximate arm with obviously tenderness, activity limited of the joint. All the patients were treated with extensive resection of the tumor-loading segment and artificial humerus head replacement combined with perioperative rehabilitation. CMS and OSIS score system were used to evaluate shoulder function and shoulder stability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 14 to 35 months, with an average of 17 months. There were no serious complications or recurrence in all cases. One year after the surgery CMS and OSIS score system were 70.7 scores (ranged,63 to 82 scores) and 25.1 scores (ranged, 18 to 29 scores) respectively. According to evaluation for shoulder function, 2 patients got an excellent result and 5 good. According to evaluation of shoulder stability, 1 patient got an excellent result and 6 good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Extensive resection of the tumor-loading segment and artificial humerus head replacement combined with perioperative rehabilitation for the treatment of stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus would not only preserve the upper extremity but also preserve the function of upper extremity.</p>