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Background: Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) helps in improving the effective utilization of available maternal and newborn health care services through knowledge of danger sign, identifying birth place and attendant, means of transportation, managing fund for an emergency, birth companion and identification of blood donor. Aim: To find the association between socio-demographic characteristics and BPCR index indicators. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the recently delivered and pregnant women in urban and rural areas of the Gandhinagar district of Gujarat. Methods and Material: Total 420 pregnant and recently delivered women from urban and rural areas were interviewed for study. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview women at household setting. BPCR index is estimated by set of 7 quantifiable indicators and expressed in the percentage of women with specific characteristics. Results: Regarding ANC registration within 12th weeks of pregnancy and skilled birth attendant for delivery. Significant difference was observed with variable like APL/BPL status, education of women and their husband, parity and type of family. Conclusions: Hindu religion, APL economic status, higher education level, joint family, high parity and joint family were found important predictor of better BPCR practice.
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Diabetes self-management education (DSME), an integral part of diabetes management is delivered by trained educators in well-developed countries. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of an organized, concise and easy-to-deliver diabetes education module in India. The relationship between diabetes self-care and glycemic control has been studied extensively. The present review discusses an innovative diabetes self-education training module that can be easily reciprocated by others to benefit the larger population.
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We report the efficacy of the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using the leaf extracts of Syzygium cumini (common name Jamun) with auric chloride (AuCl4) which was used as both reducing and capping agent at room temperatures- 25°C. Synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy indicating a peak in the range of 520-540 nM. The hydrodynamic radii measured by DLS clearly indicated the size of AuNPs in the range of 14-64 nM. The biological efficacy in terms of antimicrobial activity was assessed by the Kirby Bauer method, applied for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The Zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter was found to be 4 mM and 3 mM in S. aureus and E. coli, as indicated by the bactericidal activity. Hence, AuNPs synthesized by green synthesis are proposed as economical, environment friendly with immense potential as an antibacterial agent and for drug delivery.
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Background: Mission Indradhanush has been launched in December 2014 as a special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children. This study was conducted with an aim to evaluate process of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district, Gujarat.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study carried out at places such as urban slums with migration, nomadic sites, brick kilns, construction sites, underserved and hard to reach areas from July 2015 to July 2017. Cluster sampling method has been used, adapted from WHO 30-cluster sampling. Thirty (30) clusters were selected using probability proportional to the population size (PPS). Each PHC/UHC was taken as one cluster.Results: All the planned session being held as per micro plan (100%). Due lists of beneficiaries were present at all sites but not updated at 6 (10%) session sites. Mobilizers were present at 58 (96.67%) session sites. ANMs were giving all 4 key messages at 86.67% of session sites. 115 (95.8%) caregivers told source of information was home visits of ASHA/AWW. 66(55.00%) mothers were aware about when to come for next visit and 70 (58.33%) aware about which vaccines were given on MI session day.Conclusions: All the session sites had micro plan and due list, which is major achievement and positive sign of successful implementation of mission Indradhanush. Availability of vaccines and other logistics were also up to the mark. Over all implementation process was satisfactory and according to operational guidelines of MI.
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Background: Today, female feticide and gender preference are a big problem in India. Although there is so much emphasis against it, the problem has become aggravated. In this context, various studies showed that the male child preference leads to skewed sex ratio. The present paper is an attempt to determine the view of the people for giving their preference to the male child. Objectives: The objectives were to study the preference of women for gender of child, as well as reasons for preference for it, and association between socioeconomic factors and demographic factors with gender preference. Materials and Methods: It is a community-based cross–sectional study, in which 500 married women of 15–49 years of reproductive age group, 150 randomly selected women from one urban municipal ward, and 350 randomly selected women from seven villages of rural area were constituted the study population. Widow and separated women were excluded from the study. A pre-tested, semi‑structured questionnaire was administered to each individual to collect information. Microsoft Excel 2007 software and the Chi‑square test were used. Results: Almost half of the women (51.4%) have preference for male child. Women from lower age group (65.25%), currently married (66.42%), Muslim religion (72.22%), lower education (59.01%), and low socioeconomic status (66.67%) and those who are laborer (71.83%) have male child preference. Conclusions: This study concludes that more number of females have preference for male child in women of younger age group. Muslim religion and its customs, thoughts, and rearing practices make difference. Lower socio-economic status and poor education are also major contributory factor. Male child will support in old age and will take social responsibilities are the main basic reasons found to be associated with male child preference.
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Background: The lack of national oral health policy and organized school oral health programs in the country call for affordable, accessible, and sustainable strategies. Objectives: The objectives were to compare the oral hygiene, plaque, and gingival status among school children receiving oral health education by doctors with help of audiovisual aids and brochure. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about oral health were also assessed. Materials and Methods: Interventional study was done in 340 students of class 4–6 (9–11 years), who were present at time of study over period of 6 months. Conveniently, two schools were selected from Gandhinagar district. Predesigned questionnaire was used to evaluate the demographic background, oral health KAP of young school children about their oral health, and dental treatment. Oral health education was given, and oral check was done. Post-intervention was done after 6 months on 301 children due to absent of 39 students. Data were analyzed using MS Excel 2007 and Epi Info and χ2 test were applied. Results: A total of 87 (28.9%) children would brush their teeth twice per day, and 172 (57.1%) would brush only once per day. Practice regarding oral hygiene was improved after intervention. Association between oral hygiene and socioeconomic status (S.E.) status was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total of 240 (79.7%) students had good oral hygiene after intervention as compared to before intervention (68.4%) and it was statically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Significant improvement seen in oral hygiene and practice regarding oral hygiene after intervention. Study signified that lower S.E. class has poor oral hygiene compared to higher S.E. class.
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Background: Plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD) is the term used to describe the disorders characterized by neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells with the abnormal production of immunoglobulins (Ig). Patients with multiple myeloma frequently have abnormal coagulation tests. Aim of the present study were to correlate prothrombin time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (aPTT) with Ig concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed with PCD and to compare PT and aPTT values in untreated and treated patients diagnosed with PCDMethods: This study was conducted in the department of clinical hematology of SKIMS, a tertiary care hospital in northern India from 2015 to 2016. Patients diagnosed with PCD were advised for coagulogram (PT, aPTT) as a base line investigation. A total of 72 patients were included in the study.Results: 37% of multiple myeloma cases (newly diagnosed) and 22% of light chain disease patients presented with prolonged PT whereas none of the patients in treated cases of PCD had prolonged PT. The mean Ig concentration was significantly higher in patients with prolonged PT and aPTT compared to that of patients with normal PT and aPTT values. In IgA myeloma, the mean immunoglobulin concentration was 3643 mg/dL with a mean PT and aPTT values of 18.8s and 36.6 (p value: 0.006). The mean free light chain concentration in kappa (k) light chain myeloma was 1727 mg/L with a mean PT value of 20.5 s, mean aPTT value of 37.4 s (p-value: 0.026).Conclusions: Patients with newly diagnosed myeloma presented with prolonged PT as compared to the treated cases. Also, mean Ig concentration was significantly higher in patients with prolonged PT and aPTT compared to that of patients with normal PT and aPTT values.
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Childhood and adolescent obesity is a major health concern worldwide. This review summarizes the current literature on the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression. Multiple scientific databases (PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO; January 1990 to April 2011) were searched for articles focusing on the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression. Inclusion criteria were age ≤ 19 years and studies published in English or translated into English. Fifty-one articles were identified including 19 prospective cohort studies, one randomized controlled trial and one meta-analysis. Fifteen prospective cohort studies reported that childhood obesity is associated with depression, whereas three prospective cohort studies, one systematic literature review, and one meta-analysis showed that childhood depression leads to future obesity. Some cross-sectional studies found no association between childhood obesity and depression. Compared with boys, obese girls are more likely to be depressed. Depression is associated with increased actual body weight, but this relation is also mediated through perceived body weight and dissatisfaction with body image. The majority of studies have shown that childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with depression. Studies have also shown that childhood depression leads to future obesity. Clinicians should be aware of this association and provide mental health assessment, obesity prevention, and treatment when indicated.
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Cataract is a visual impairment occurs due to the opacification of crystalline lens. It affects around 17 billion peoples worldwide, although incidence of cataracts is increasing day by day among the elderly persons. Still today except surgery no other effective treatment have been successfully developed so far, thus this present review is focused to highlights the etiological aspects, risk factors along with possible pharmacological prevention and animal models which are widely used for screening anticataract activity. The present review includes the list of plants and their phytoconstituents which have been evaluated pharmacologically for the treatment of cataract. From the review it can be concluded that antioxidant properties of plants phytochemicals are responsible for the anticataract activity.
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Cataract is a visual impairment occurs due to the opacification of crystalline lens. It affects around 17 billion peoples worldwide, although incidence of cataracts is increasing day by day among the elderly persons. Still today except surgery no other effective treatment have been successfully developed so far, thus this present review is focused to highlights the etiological aspects, risk factors along with possible pharmacological prevention and animal models which are widely used for screening anticataract activity. The present review includes the list of plants and their phytoconstituents which have been evaluated pharmacologically for the treatment of cataract. From the review it can be concluded that antioxidant properties of plants phytochemicals are responsible for the anticataract activity.
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A 56-year-old female came to emergency department with complaints of severe abdominal pain in the epigastric region with abdominal distention. She had also complained of fever. No significant past medical or surgical history was available. Her pulse rate and respiratory rate were 110/min and 26/min, respectively. On examination of abdomen, belly was distended with guarding and rigidity and periumbilical ecchymosis. She was post-menopausal. Per-vaginal and per-rectal examination were normal
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Humanos , Femenino , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Urgencias Médicas , Obesidad , Posmenopausia/fisiologíaRESUMEN
A 50-year-old lady presented to the emergency room with severe left-sided chest pain following an episode of forceful vomiting. A history of giddiness was present. Her past medical and surgical history were insignificant. On examination, she was having a respiratory rate of 24/ min and her blood pressure was 100/60 mmHg. She was diaphoretic and surgical emphysema was present. On plain radiography, hydropneumothorax was present. Gastrograffin study of the patient was performed
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Humanos , Femenino , Dolor en el Pecho/etiología , Diatrizoato de Meglumina/efectos adversosRESUMEN
This study was designed to investigate the possible effect of exenatide [Glucagon like Peptide-1 receptor agonist] on liver injury [distant organ] induced by renal ischemia reperfusion [IR] in diabetic rats. In vivo renal IR was performed in both type 2 diabetic and normal rats. Each protocol comprised ischemia for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours and a treatment period of 14 days before induction of ischemia. Lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase activity, myeloperosidase activity and nitric oxide level in liver tissue were significantly increased [P<0.01], these biochemical parameters in treated rats compared to diabetic IR rats. Serum creatinine phosphokinase activity and liver function enzymes were also significantly normalized [P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively], after administration of exenatide. Exenatide exerted protective effect on exaggerated remote organ [liver] injury induced by renal IR in diabetes