Epidemic characteristics of respiratory tract infection diseases in children in Kaizhou District, Chongqing in 2019 - 2022 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics and pathogen epidemic characteristics of respiratory tract children in Chongqing Kaizhou area. Methods A total of 5 328 children admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Indirect immunofluorescence method was used to detect 8 common respiratory pathogens in the serum of the children; Using SPSS 22.0 software, analyze the incidence characteristics and pathogen prevalence of 8 pathogens in respiratory tract children. Results (1) The highest detection rate was MP (χ2=12.141, P2=7.923, P2=1.872, P2=3.928, P<0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of respiratory pathogens varies in age and sex, which is highest in spring, so pay attention to the respiratory tract infection in spring, focusing on the prevention and treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Value of transvaginal ultrasound combined with 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To compare the value of transvaginal ultrasound, 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning alone and in combination for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, so as to provide insights into early screening of ectopic pregnancy. Methods This study enrolled a total of 130 patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy admitted to Dachuan People’s Hospital in Dazhou City, Sichuan Province, China between February 2019 and December 2022. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination and 3.0T MRI scanning. The consistency of transvaginal ultrasound and 3.0T MRI with clinical diagnostic results was evaluated with surgical pathology or clinical follow-up results as the golden standards. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound and 3.0T MRI, alone and in combination, were compared for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Results Of the 130 patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy, 108 cases were confirmed with ectopic pregnancy by surgical pathology, and 22 cases were confirmed without ectopic pregnancy by clinical follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound were 85.19% (92/108), 54.55% (12/22), and 80.00% (104/130), respectively, with 0.358 consistency with clinical diagnostic results. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 3.0T MRI were 92.59% (100/108), 81.81% (18/22), and 90.77% (118/130), respectively, with 0.694 consistency with clinical diagnostic results. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound combined with 3.0T MRI were 98.15% (106/108), 72.73% (16/22), and 93.85% (122/130), respectively, with 0.764 consistency with clinical diagnostic results. In addition, the sensitivity and accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound combined with 3.0T MRI were significantly higher than transvaginal ultrasound alone for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (χ2 = 11.88 and 10.96, both P < 0.01). Conclusion Transvaginal ultrasound combined with 3.0T MRI may provide more diagnostic information for ectopic pregnancy, and is highly consistent with the clinical diagnostic results. In addition, transvaginal ultrasound combined with 3.0T MRI improves the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy for ectopic pregnancy than transvaginal ultrasound alone.

Analysis of fertility intention to have a third child among childbearing age women in Wanzhou District of Chongqing Municipality and its influencing factors / 重庆医学

Objective To survey the current situation of fertility intention to have a third child among childbearing age women in Wanzhou District of Chongqing Municipality under the background of the new fer-tility policy,and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct the survey on the third child fertility intention by the self-designed questionnaire and the Question-naire Star platform among the childbearing women with one child or two children in Wanzhou District of Chongqing Municipality from September to October 2022.The multiple linear regression analysis and two-step cluster analysis were used to explore the influencing factors.Results A total of 632 questionnaires were re-ceived,32 invalid questionnaires were excluded,and the effective recovery rate was 94.9％.The score of fertili-ty intention to have a third child in the respondents was(12.81±2.83)points.The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the age,marital status,place of residence,spouse cultural degree,family rearing child model,whether the family can provide support and previous vaginal delivery history were the influencing fac-tors of fertility intention to have a third child among the childbearing age women in this place(P＜0.05).The two step cluster analysis showed that"obstetrician/midwife's help"was the most important predictive factor for the childbearing age women to choose to have a third child.Conclusion The current situation of childbear-ing age women's fertility intention to have a third child in Wanzhou District of Chongqing Municipality is not optimistic.It is necessary to create the positive factors that encourage childbearing age women to make deci-sion about having a third child.

Ultrasonic quantitative measurement of hepatorenal index for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective To explore the value of ultrasonic quantitative measurement of hepatorenal index(HRI)for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in children.Methods Abdominal ultrasound and upper abdominal MRI data of 70 obese children were retrospectively analyzed.ROI with different sizes and shapes of liver and right kidney were delineated on longitudinal and transverse ultrasound images,respectively,and the echo intensity of ROIs were measured to obtain HRIsmall ROI on longitudinal section,HRIsmall ROI on transverse section,HRIlarge ROI on longitudinal section and HRIlarge ROI on transverse section,i.e.HRI1,HRI2,HRI3,HRI4,while the gray,skewness and kurtosis of liver ultrasound image were recorded.Liver proton density fat fraction(PDFF)were measured based on MRI,and NAFLD was diagnoses taken PDFF≥6%as standard.The correlations of HRI with PDFF and liver ultrasound image related parameters were analyzed.Taken MRI as the standard,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of HRI for NAFLD.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed taken age,sex,body mass index(BMI)percentile,HRI3 and liver ultrasound image related parameters as independent variables and MRI diagnosis of NAFLD as dependent variable to screen the predictors of MRI diagnosis of NAFLD.Results HRI1,HRI2,HRI3 and HRI4 obtained with ultrasound was 1.89±0.52,1.88±0.55,1.97±0.51 and 1.92±0.55,respectively.PDFF obtained with MRI was(12.53±3.14)%,and diagnosed NAFLD in 34 cases.HRI and PDFF had moderate positive correlation(r=0.51-0.61,all P＜0.01).The correlation between HRI3 and PDFF was the strongest(r=0.61),and HRI3 was weakly correlated with liver gray3(r=-0.270,P=0.020),with area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing NAFLD of 0.93(P＜0.01).BMI percentile(OR=1.06),HRI3(OR=34.20)and liver gray3(OR=0.79)were all predictive factors for MRI diagnosis of NAFLD.Conclusion Ultrasonic quantitative measurement of HRI had high clinical value for diagnosing NAFLD in children.

Effect of Baihu Jia Renshen Tang on PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Liver of MKR Diabetic Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of Baihu Jia Renshen Tang （BHRS） on the related molecules on the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt）signaling pathway in the liver of MKR diabetic model mice. MethodThirty 6-week-old MKR mice were selected and fed on a high-fat diet for four weeks，followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ）for the diabetes model establishment. The model was properly induced in the case of the fasting blood glucose （FBG） of ≥11.1 mmol·L-1. After modeling，the mice were randomly divided into a model group，a BHRS group （12.09 g·kg-1·d-1），and a metformin group （0.065 g·kg-1·d-1），with 10 mice in each group. Ten FVB mice were assigned to the control group. The mice in the groups with drug intervention were continuously administered correspondingly for 28 days. After administration，the mice were sacrificed，followed by the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and FBG detection. Serum very low-density lipoprotein（VLDL）content was determined by semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Four indexes related to blood lipid were determined by the biochemistry analyzer. Liver tissues were subjected to pathological examination by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K，Akt，phosphorylated（p）-PI3K，p-Akt，forkhead box protein O1 （FoxO1），insulin receptor（InsR），and insulin receptor substrate-2（IRS-2） in liver tissues of mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of PI3K，Akt，FoxO1，InsR，and IRS-2 in liver tissues of mice. ResultCompared with the control group，the model group showed poor general conditions，abnormal glucose tolerance （P<0.05），increased FBG （P<0.01），abnormal blood lipid metabolism，increased serum total cholesterol （TC），triglyceride（TG），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），and VLDL （P<0.05），decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）（P<0.05），fatty degeneration and obvious pathological changes of liver cells，reduced protein expression of PI3K，Akt，p-PI3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt，IRS-2，and InsR in liver tissues（P<0.05），increased protein expression of FoxO1（P<0.05），decreased mRNA expression of PI3K，Akt，IRS-2，and InsR in liver tissues （P<0.05），and increased FoxO1 mRNA expression（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the BHRS group showed improved general conditions and glucose and lipid metabolism （P<0.05），improved pathological state of liver cells，increased protein expression of PI3K，Akt，p-PI3K/PI3K，p-Akt/Akt，IRS-2，and InsR in liver tissues（P<0.05），decreased protein expression of FoxO1（P<0.05），increased mRNA expression of PI3K，Akt，IRS-2，and InsR in liver tissues （P<0.05），and reduced FoxO1 mRNA expression（P<0.05）. ConclusionBHRS can effectively reduce blood glucose，regulate blood lipid metabolism，and improve the pathological state of the liver in MKR diabetic mice，and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the activity of molecules on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Correlation of endoscopic evaluation with laboratory indices and clinical disease activity in Crohn disease patients with different intestinal involvement / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlations of endoscopic evaluation results with laboratory indices and clinical disease activity in Crohn disease (CD) patients with different intestinal involvement.Methods:Data of 147 patients diagnosed as having CD who visited the Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022 were collected retrospectively. According to the involvement of intestinal segment, patients were divided into three groups: the group with isolated small intestinal involvement ( n=55), the group with both small intestinal and large intestinal involvement ( n=48), and the group with isolated large intestinal involvement ( n=44). Correlations of endoscopic evaluation (based on CDEIS) with laboratory indices and clinical disease activity (based on Harvey-Bradshaw index) were analyzed. Results:C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) could be used for the prediction of endoscopic disease activity. The areas under curve (AUC) of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) were 0.677 (0.506-0.849) and 0.744 (0.597-0.890), respectively. In terms of determing clinical disease activity, clinical Harvey-Bradshaw index was consistent with endoscopic CDEIS score in 65.3% (96/147) patients, showing a low positive correlation ( r=0.260, P<0.05). In subgroup analysis for patients with isolated small intestinal involvement, CRP showed no predictive value for clinical disease activity [AUC (95% CI): 0.617 (0.461-0.773), P=0.148], while for endoscopic activity neither CRP nor ESR showed predictive value [AUC (95% CI): 0.537 (0.146-0.929), P=0.829; AUC (95% CI): 0.571 (0.153-0.990), P=0.680]. Furthermore, for patients with isolated small intestinal involvement and both small intestinal and large intestinal involvement, no correlation was found between clinical Harvey-Bradshaw index and endoscopic CDEIS score ( r=0.222, P=0.092; r=0.142, P=0.322). Conclusion:For CD patients with small intestinal involvement, especially isolated small intestinal involvement, laboratory indices and clinical disease activity cannot accurately reflect endoscopic disease activity. Great importance should be attached to evaluation of the extent and activity of intestinal lesions by endoscopy, especially enteroscopy.

The value of radiomics for individualized prophylactic cranial irradiation in limited-stage small cell lung cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of enhanced CT-based radiomics for brain metastasis (BM) and selective use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).Methods:Clinical data of 97 patients diagnosed with LS-SCLC confirmed by pathological and imaging examination in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox and Spearman correlation tests were used to select the radiomics features significantly associated with the incidence of BM and calculate the radiomics score. The calibration curve, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), 5-fold cross-validation, decision curve analysis (DCA), and integrated Brier score (IBS) were employed to evaluate the predictive power and clinical benefits of the radiomics score. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were adopted to draw survival curves and assess differences between two groups.Results:A total of 1272 radiomics features were extracted from enhanced CT. After the LASSO Cox regression and Spearman correlation tests, 8 radiomics features associated with the incidence of BM were used to calculate the radiomics score. The AUCs of radiomics scores to predict 1-year and 2-year BM were 0.845 (95% CI=0.746-0.943) and 0.878 (95% CI=0.774-0.983), respectively. The 5-fold cross validation, calibration curve, DCA and IBS also demonstrated that the radiomics model yielded good predictive performance and net clinical benefit. Patients were divided into the high-risk and low-risk cohorts based on the radiomics score. For patients at high risk, the 1-year and 2-year cumulative incidence rates of BM were 0% and 18.2% in the PCI group, and 61.8% and 75.4% in the non-PCI group, respectively ( P<0.001). In the PCI group, the 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 92.9% and 78.6%, and 85.3% and 36.8% in the non-PCI group, respectively ( P=0.023). For patients at low risk, the 1-year and 2-year cumulative incidence rates of BM were 0% and 0% in the PCI group, and 10.0% and 20.2% in the non-PCI group, respectively ( P=0.062). In the PCI group, the 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 100% and 77.0%, and 96.7% and 79.3% in the non-PCI group, respectively ( P=0.670). Conclusion:The radiomics model based on enhanced CT images yields excellent performance for predicting BM and individualized PCI.

MaxEnt model-ArcGIS-based evaluation of habitat suitability of Hedysari Radix / 中成药

AIM To evaluate the habitat suitability of Hedysari Radix based on MaxEnt model and ArcGIS.METHODS Using the MaxEnt model to screen the ecological factors affecting the distribution of Hedysari Radix,an evaluation model was thus established.ArcGIS software was used to evaluate the ecological suitability of Hedysari Radix to obtain the data about the highly suitable area,the moderate suitable area,the low suitable area and non-suitable area for its growth in China.RESULTS Hedysari Radix found its 1.29×106 km2 suitable area in China,among which the highly suitable area was 5×104 km2,mainly in Gansu Province,the moderately suitable area was 3.38×105 km2,and the low-suitable area was 9×105 km2,occupying 4.03%,26.20%and 69.77%of all,respectively.The main ecological factors affecting the distribution of Hedysari Radix were determined to be altitude,precipitation in the hottest quarter,solar radiation in September and December,seasonal temperature variation deviation and basic saturation of upper soil(0-30 cm).CONCLUSION With its result complying well with the literature records,this study provides theoretical basis for the introduction and cultivation of Hedysari Radix,and sustainable utilization of resources as well.

Gardner-Diamond syndrome / 中华皮肤科杂志

Gardner-Diamond syndrome is a rare skin disease characterized by recrudescent, spontaneous and tender ecchymoses, and mostly affects psychologically disturbed adult women. The positive autoerythrocyte sensitization test has noticeable diagnostic significance. Currently, there is no specific therapy for Gardner-Diamond syndrome. This review summarizes advances in the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Clinical efficacy and long-term immunogenicity of an early triple dose regimen of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in cancer patients

INTRODUCTION@#Three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been recommended for cancer patients to reduce the risk of severe disease. Anti-neoplastic treatment, such as chemotherapy, may affect long-term vaccine immunogenicity.@*METHOD@#Patients with solid or haematological cancer were recruited from 2 hospitals between July 2021 and March 2022. Humoral response was evaluated using GenScript cPASS surrogate virus neutralisation assays. Clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records and national mandatory-reporting databases.@*RESULTS@#A total of 273 patients were recruited, with 40 having haematological malignancies and the rest solid tumours. Among the participants, 204 (74.7%) were receiving active cancer therapy, including 98 (35.9%) undergoing systemic chemotherapy and the rest targeted therapy or immunotherapy. All patients were seronegative at baseline. Seroconversion rates after receiving 1, 2 and 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination were 35.2%, 79.4% and 92.4%, respectively. After 3 doses, patients on active treatment for haematological malignancies had lower antibodies (57.3%±46.2) when compared to patients on immunotherapy (94.1%±9.56, P<0.05) and chemotherapy (92.8%±18.1, P<0.05). SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in 77 (28.2%) patients, of which 18 were severe. No patient receiving a third dose within 90 days of the second dose experienced severe infection.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrates the benefit of early administration of the third dose among cancer patients.

Analysis of Chinese Medical Syndrome Features of Ischemic Stroke Based on Similarity of Symptoms Subgroup / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To derive the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome classification and subgroup syndrome characteristics of ischemic stroke patients.@*METHODS@#By extracting the CM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7,170 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2018 at Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province, China, a patient similarity network (PSN) was constructed based on the symptomatic phenotype of the patients. Thereafter the efficient community detection method BGLL was used to identify subgroups of patients. Finally, subgroups with a large number of cases were selected to analyze the specific manifestations of clinical symptoms and CM syndromes in each subgroup.@*RESULTS@#Seven main subgroups of patients with specific symptom characteristics were identified, including M3, M2, M1, M5, M0, M29 and M4. M3 and M0 subgroups had prominent posterior circulatory symptoms, while M3 was associated with autonomic disorders, and M4 manifested as anxiety; M2 and M4 had motor and motor coordination disorders; M1 had sensory disorders; M5 had more obvious lung infections; M29 had a disorder of consciousness. The specificity of CM syndromes of each subgroup was as follows. M3, M2, M1, M0, M29 and M4 all had the same syndrome as wind phlegm pattern; M3 and M0 both showed hyperactivity of Gan (Liver) yang pattern; M2 and M29 had similar syndromes, which corresponded to intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern and phlegm-stasis obstructing meridians pattern, respectively. The manifestations of CM syndromes often appeared in a combination of 2 or more syndrome elements. The most common combination of these 7 subgroups was wind-phlegm. The 7 subgroups of CM syndrome elements were specifically manifested as pathogenic wind, pathogenic phlegm, and deficiency pathogens.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There were 7 main symptom similarity-based subgroups in ischemic stroke patients, and their specific characteristics were obvious. The main syndromes were wind phlegm pattern and hyperactivity of Gan yang pattern.

Risk factors for complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in super-aged patients / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To study the risk factors for complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in super-aged patients (≥80 years).Methods:Clinical data of 512 super-aged patients with pancreaticobiliary diseases who underwent 638 ERCP procedures at the Digestive Endoscopy Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, from July 2011 to June 2021, were studied retrospectively. Indications and results of the ERCP operations were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for ERCP-related complications.Results:The total success rate of ERCP cannulation in super-aged patients was 94.0% (600/638), which showed no difference compared with that of patients of <60 years old (2 433/2 557, 95.2%) or patients of 60~<80 years old (2 815/3 004, 93.7%) ( χ2=5.49, P=0.064). The overall incidence of post-ERCP complications was 15.2% (97/638), and the in-hospital mortality was 2.1% (11/512), which showed significant difference compared with patients of <60 years old (8/1 809, 0.4%) and patients of 60-<80 years old (21/2 127, 1.0%) ( χ2=13.39, P=0.002). Multivariate regression analysis showed that hypertension ( HR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.237-3.041, P=0.004), history of upper gastrointestinal reconstruction ( HR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.064-4.891, P=0.034), endoscopic sphincterectomy ( HR=1.65, 95%CI: 1.012-2.679, P=0.045), early procedure period ( HR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.352-0.923, P=0.022), operation time >30 minutes ( HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.094-2.759, P=0.019), preoperative white blood cell count >9.5×10 9/L ( HR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.661-4.257, P<0.001) and procalcitonin ≥0.05 ng/L ( HR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.172-5.513, P=0.018) were independent risk factors for post-ERCP complications. Conclusion:ERCP is safe and effective for super-aged patients. However, much attention should be paid to post-ERCP complications of patients with hypertension, history of upper gastrointestinal reconstruction, endoscopic sphincterectomy, operation time >30 minutes, preoperative white blood cell count >9.5×10 9/L and procalcitonin ≥0.05 ng/L to avoid serious adverse events such as mortality.

Effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in MKR Mice via Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang （HQGZWWT） in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） in MKR mice via regulating endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. MethodThirty-two 8-week-old MKR mice （half were male and half were female） were fed with a high-fat diet for four weeks， and then 1% streptozotocin （STZ） was injected intraperitoneally for five days. After the blood glucose was stabilized， the mice were housed in the cage covered with ice bags for another one hour stimulation per day for four weeks. Mice with fasting blood glucose （FBG） value ≥11.1 mmol·L-1 were randomly divided into model group ， Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang in original dosage group （30 g·kg-1·d-1）， Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang in formula dosage group （6.25 g·kg-1·d-1）， and positive drug group （mecobalamin tablets， 0.17 mg·kg-1·d-1）. Another eight MKR mice of the same age were set as blank group and eight FVB mice were normal group. After four weeks of intragastric administration in each group， the change in FBG was tested， and hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and transmission electron microscope were used for observing the morphology of sciatic nerve tissue. In addition， the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase （p-JNK） and inositol requiring enzyme 1α （IRE1α） proteins was determined by immunohistochemical test and Western blot （WB）. ResultCompared with the conditions in the normal group and blank group， the time of paw withdrawal， paw licking and tail flick in the model group was shortened （P<0.01）， and the conduction velocity of sciatic nerve was decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the conditions in the model group， the behavioral and functional indicators were improved by HQGZWWT （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The immunohistochemical test revealed the JNK expression was elevated in the model group compared with the conditions in the normal group and blank group （P<0.05）， while that was lowered by HQGZWWT compared with the condition in the model group （P<0.05）. However， there was no difference among the treatment groups. According to the WB， the expression of IRE1α and p-JNK in the model group was enhanced compared with the conditions in the normal group and blank group （P<0.05，P<0.01）， while that was decreased by HQGZWWT compared with the condition in the model group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. No difference was observed between the HQGZWWTO and HQGZWWTF groups. ConclusionHQGZWWT can improve the neurophysiological function and pathological damage of sciatic nerve， which may be related to its delaying the ER stress response of sciatic nerve.

Growth and development of children and related influencing factors: a cross-sectional study of the families with children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the growth and development of children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province of China and the effects of family factors on the children's growth and development.@*METHODS@#The stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 004 families with children aged 0-6 years of Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire survey on nutritional knowledge, attitude, and behavior was performed for the main caregivers. The Z-score method was used to evaluate nutritional status. The ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis model was used to investigate the influencing factors for nutritional status.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 290 questionnaires were distributed, among which 2 004 valid questionnaires were collected (87.51%). The mean age of the children was (28±14) months, and there were 1 105 boys (55.14%) and 899 girls (44.86%). The primary caregivers were mostly parents (1 867 families, 93.16%), and the caregivers of 1 466 families (73.15%) had a university/college degree. Most families had an annual income of 50 000-100 000 yuan/year or 100 000-200 000 yuan/year, accounting for 32.88% and 34.23%, respectively. The results of Z-score showed the growth retardation rates of 1.45% (16/1 105) in boys and 1.78% (16/899) in girls, the underweight rates of 0.54% (6/1 105) in boys and 0.67% (6/899) in girls, the emaciation rates of 1.36% (15/1 105) in boys and 2.00% (18/899) in girls, and the obesity rates of 8.78% (97/1 105) in boys and 10.12% (91/899) in girls, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher annual family income and a higher nutrition knowledge level of caregiver were beneficial to the growth and development of children (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province have a good status of growth and development but a relatively high obesity rate, and therefore, the monitoring of obesity should be taken seriously. Family economic status and the level of nutritional knowledge of caregivers have a significant impact on children's growth and development.

Lysophosphatidic Acid Down-regulated SKOV3 Cells of Ovarian Cancer in Doxorubicin Hydrochloride-induced Apoptosis / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid medium, plays an important role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is a first-line drug in the ovarian cancer clinical therapy, while the effect and molecular mechanism of LPA in the ovarian cancer with DOX treatment is still unclear. This study intended to explore the effect and molecular mechanism of LPA in ovarian cancer treated with DOX. SKOV3 and OVCAR-3 cells of human ovarian cancer and Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with control, LPA (lOp-mol/L), DOX (2jjLmol/L) and LPA (10jJLmol/L) + DOX (2p,mol/L) respectively for 24 hours. The morphological changes of SKOV3 cells were observed under optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results showed that LPA reduced cell death and the degree of chromatin aggregation in SKOV3 cells treated with DOX; RT-qPCR showed that LPA treatment could down-regulate the mRNA levels of caspase-3 in DOX-treated SKOV3 cells (P<0. 05); Western blot showed that LPA treatment could reduce caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 levels treated with DOX in SKOV3, OVCAR-3 and CHO cells (P<0. 05); Flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI double staining showed that LPA could down-regulate apoptosis in SKOV3 cells treated with DOX (P<0. 05); DCFH-DA method was used to detect intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SKOV3 cells. It was found that LPA reduced the intracellular ROS level treated with DOX (P<0. 05). Our preliminarily study showed the effect of LPA in the apoptosis of ovarian cancer treated with DOX, which may provide a reference for the drug therapy of ovarian cancer targeting LPA.

Effect of Yinchenhao Tang on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in MKR Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the action mechanism of Yinchenhao Tang against type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in MKR mice. Method:Forty eight-week-old MKR mice were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks and then divided into the model group，original Yinchenhao Tang （17.16 g·kg^-1） group，Yinchenhao Tang group at a specified dose （4.68 g·kg^-1） in teaching materials，and positive drug ［metformin + simvastatin， （65+2.6）×10^-3 g·kg^-1］ group. Another 10 MKR mice of the same age were classified into the blank group and 10 FVB mice into the normal group. After eight weeks of intragastric administration in each group，the liver wet weight，oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT），serum inflammatory factors interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>），and changes in blood lipid and liver function were determined. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was conducted for observing the morphological changes in liver tissue under a transmission electron microscope，followed by the detection of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4），myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88），and nuclear transcription factor-<italic>κ</italic>B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） protein expression by Western blot. Result:Compared with the model group，the medication groups exhibited significantly reduced liver wet weight index （<italic>P</italic><0.01），improved OGTT result （<italic>P</italic><0.05），and down-regulated serum IL-6 and TNF-<italic>α</italic> levels （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In terms of morphological changes，Yinchenhao Tang protected the hepatocyte structure and alleviated hepatocyte steatosis. Moreover， Yinchenhao Tang obviously down-regulated the protein expression levels of TLR4，MyD88，and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B in liver tissue of MKR mice with T2DM combined with NAFLD （<italic>P</italic><0.05），and the down-regulation of TLR4 and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B in the original Yinchenhao Tang group was better than that in the Yinchenhao Tang group at a specified dose in teaching materials （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Yinchenhao Tang is able to reduce inflammatory factor levels and down-regulate TLR4，MyD88，and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B expression in liver tissue to relieve the pathological liver injury and interfere with T2DM combined with NAFLD of MKR mice. It exerts a certain liver-protective effect by lowering the blood lipids and delaying the hepatic inflammation.

Clinical Application and Advantages of Sanjiao Theory in Sanren Decoction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sanrentang， originally contained in the Regulations on Febrile Diseases written by WU Ju-tong in the Qing dynasty， was composed of eight traditional Chinese herbs to treat damp-warm diseases. It is a treatment method of gradually clearing away damp heat of tri-jiao， with characteristics of separating dispersion and mobilizing discharge. "Separating dispersion" means dispersion in separated ways， with different ways to eliminate dampness to export the dampness， heat， evil and turbid out of the body. "Mobilizing discharge" means discharge to stretch and unblock the Qi， to get rid of dampness and evil. It can be seen， Sanrentang， as a desiccating formula， taking "separating dispersion and mobilizing discharge" as the cubic basis， has a significant effect on both internal and external dampness associated with pathogenic heat syndrome， and its clinical application is quite extensive. After consulting the data of the past 10 years， the authors gave a brief overview on the syndrome theory， clinical application and pharmacological effects of Sanrentang， and elaborated the therapeutic effect and pharmacological effect of Sanrentang in the clinical application of upper， middle and lower Tri-jiao respectively， providing theoretical reference for effective development and utilization of Sanrentang. Coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19） swept the world in early 2020 and it is a great challenge for the medical community to seek for effective prevention and treatment methods. For COVID-19， although the cause of the disease belongs to the Qi of "pestilence"， many doctors have different opinions on the pathogenic characteristics. However， they all agree with the clinical characteristics of "dampness". COVID-19， which has the attribute of "dampness evil"， is so sticky that it can't be cured at once. In addition to the main symptoms such as fever and cough， it is also characterized by the middle-jiao dampness symptoms such as poor appetite， fullness of abdomen， loose stool and diarrhea. It is worthy to further explore the application prospect of Sanrentang in COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Ezetimibe in the prevention of ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for stroke, and reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can decrease the risk of ischemic stroke. Both statins and PCSK9 inhibitors can effectively reduce LDL-C levels, but some patients cannot tolerate statins, and PCSK9 inhibitors are expensive. Animal experiments have shown that ezetimibe can reduce oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress response, inhibit cell apoptosis, increase autophagy, and protect nerve tissue by activating AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Clinical studies have shown that ezetimibe can further reduce LDL-C levels on the basis of statin therapy, and reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with acute coronary syndromes, and there is no obvious adverse reaction. However, ezetimibe cannot reduce the incidence of stroke in elderly people who are ≥75 years old, have elevated LDL-C and do not have coronary heart disease. At present, there are few studies on the use of ezetimibe for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, and its effect needs to be further confirmed by large randomized controlled trials.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulates proliferation of stem/progenitor cells: what we need to know to translate basic science research into clinical applications / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapy that has been increasingly explored in basic research and clinical applications. LIPUS is an appealing therapeutic option as it is a noninvasive treatment that has many advantages, including no risk of infection or tissue damage and no known adverse reactions. LIPUS has been shown to have many benefits including promotion of tissue healing, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration; inhibition of inflammation and pain relief; and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The biophysical mechanisms of LIPUS remain unclear and the studies are ongoing. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the relationship between LIPUS and stem/progenitor cells. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases to July 2020 was performed. LIPUS has many effects on stem cells. Studies show that LIPUS can stimulate stem cells in vitro; promote stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration; maintain stem cell activity; alleviate the problems of insufficient seed cell source, differentiation, and maturation; and circumvent the low efficiency of stem cell transplantation. The mechanisms involved in the effects of LIPUS are not fully understood, but the effects demonstrated in studies thus far have been favorable. Much additional research is needed before LIPUS can progress from basic science research to large-scale clinical dissemination and application.

Developmental trajectory of post traumatic growth in patients with bladder cancer: a latent growth mixture model / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the latent classes in developmental trajectory of post traumatic growth(PTG) and influencing factors in patients with bladder cancer.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to recruit 215 patients with bladder cancer underwent transurethral resection or radical cystectomy in the Urological Department of Hubei Cancer Hospital. The patients were followed up for 5 times, and the latent growth mixture model and multinomial Logistic regression model were used to analyze the data.Results:The patients were identified four latent classes: high PTG group(29 cases), low PTG group(33 cases), increasing PTG group(69 cases), decreasing PTG group(84 cases). Compared with the low PTG group, elderly, patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were more likely to enter the high PTG group. Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, male and employee were more likely to enter the increasing PTG group. Patients living in rural areas were more likely to enter the decreasing PTG group.Conclusions:Clinical staff should make individualized intervention according to the developmental trajectory of PTG in patients with bladder cancer.