Correlation analysis of smell and taste loss with COVID-19 outbreak trend based on big data of internet / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the correlation between loss of smell/taste and the number of real confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide based on Google Trends data, and to explore the guiding role of smell/taste loss for the COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods: "Loss of smell" and "loss of taste" related keywords were searched in the Google Trends platform, the data were obtained from Jan. 1 2019 to Jul. 11 2021. The daily and newly confirmed COVID-19 case number were collected from World Health Organization (WHO) since Dec. 30 2019. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. The correlation was finally tested by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: A total of data from 80 weeks were collected. The retrospective analysis was performed on the new trend of COVID-19 confirmed cases in a total of 186 292 441 cases worldwide. Since the epidemic of COVID-19 was recorded on the WHO website, the relative searches related to loss of smell/taste in the Google Trends platform had been increasing globally. The global relative search volumes of "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" on Google Trends was 10.23±2.58 and 16.33±2.47 before the record of epidemic while 80.25±39.81 and 80.45±40.04 after (t value was 8.67, 14.43, respectively, both P<0.001). In the United States and India, the relative searches for "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" after the record of epidemic were also much higher than before (all P<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the trend of weekly new COVID-19 cases and the Google Trends of "loss of smell" in the global, United States, and India was 0.53, 0.76, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001), the correlation coefficients with Google Trends of "loss of taste" was 0.54, 0.78, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001). The lowest and highest point of loss of smell/taste search curves of Google Trends in different periods appeared 7 to 14 days earlier than that of the weekly newly COVID-19 confirmed cases curves, respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant positive correlation between the number of newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and the amount of keywords, such as "loss of smell" and "loss of taste", retrieved in Google Trends. The trend of big data based on Google Trends might predict the outbreak trend of COVID-19 in advance.

Complete genome sequence analysis of Hantaan virus strain AYW89-15 isolated in Jiangxi, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

We investigated the complete genome characteristic of the Hantaan virus strain AYW89-15 isolated in Jiangxi Province,China.Primers were designed and were used to amplify the complete S,M and L segments by RT-PCR.The PCR product were then cloned and sequenced,the gene sequences were analyzed with DNAStar and MEGA6.0 software.Result showed that the complete gene sequence was 11 848 nucleotides in length,the S,M and L segments were 1 699 nt,3 616 nt and 6 533 nt respectively,encoding 429,1 133 and 2 151 amino acids respectively.The sequence identities between stain AYW89-15 and other Hantaan virus were 79.7％-87.3％ at the nucleotide level and 92.3％-98.4％ at the amino acid level.Phylogenetic analysis of HV showed AYW89-15 belonged to a new HTNV lineage.AYW89-15 was a new subtype of HTNV that exists in Jiangxi Province.

The Detecting Values of Gastric pH for Neonatal asphyxia / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the detecting values of gastric pH for the neonatal asphyxia.Methods: From August 2013 to February 2015 in our hospital, 78 asphyxia were randomly and equally divided into the observation group and control group.All cases were given gastric pH testing, digestion tract bleeding Monitoring, reflux conditions and routine procedure for treatment.The patients in the observation group received Smecta treatment on the basis of conventional therapy.Results The gastric pH values at 72 h and 48 h after treatment in the observation group were significantly higher (P＜0.05) , and showed a rising trend, the gastric pH values at 24 h after treatment had no statistically significant between two groups.The upper gastrointestinal bleeding rates in the observation group during treatment were 5.1％, which was significantly lower than the control group (23.1％) (P＜0.05).The reflux continued ≥5 min frequency and longest reflux time in the observation group were significantly less than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion For neonatal asphyxia, the gastric pH determination can effectively detect gastrointestinal bleeding and gastroesophageal reflux, the early applying of Smecta intervention can increase gastric pH value, improve neonatal outcomes.

Active components of Ligustrum lucidum inhibiting hepatitis C virus replicase activity / 药学学报

Based on previous report that the Chinese herb Ligustrum lucidum (LL) extract directly inhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicase (NS5B) activity, the active components of LL extract to inhibit HCV NS5B activity and their inhibition mode were investigated in this study. LL extract was separated using ethyl acetate and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The inhibitory activity of separated fractions on HCV NS5B was analyzed by the inhibitory assay of NS5B activity. The results showed that only fractions 1 and 2 inhibited NS5B activity, and fraction 2 possessed higher inhibitory activity than fraction 1. HPLC analysis combined with inhibitory assays indicated that ursolic acid and oleanolic acid are the active components within fractions 1 and 2 to inhibit NS5B activity, separately. Moreover, oleanolic acid possessed higher inhibitory activity than ursolic acid. Further inhibition mode analysis found that both oleanolic acid and ursolic acid suppressed NS5B activity as noncompetitive inhibitors. The Ki values of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were about 4.7 microg x mL(-1) (10 micromol x kg(-1)) and 2.5 microg x mL(-1) (5.5 micromol x kg(-1)), respectively. Taken together, these results demonstrated that oleanolic acid and ursolic acid suppressed NS5B activity as noncompetitive inhibitors, implying that the two natural products have potential value for HCV therapy.

Study on the interactions between Ligusticum chuanxiong extract and cardiac muscle membrane receptors by CMSP chromatography / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the interactions between Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort extract and cardiac muscle membrane receptors.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The cell membrane of rabbit cardiac muscle was fixed on silicon to make cell membrane stationary phase (CMSP), and then the interactions were studied by comparing the retention characteristics of the extracts from different solvents with those of the antagonists or activators corresponding to known receptors in cardiac muscle membrane, and by competition effect on the retention characteristics of extracts when adding the antagonists or activators into the mobile phase.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Water extract and ethanol extract both had retentions on CMSP; the retention characteristics of water extract could be affected when water extract was in competition with the antagonists for alpha receptor, and could not be affected when with the activator beta1 receptor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is possible that some components in water extract may combine with alpha receptor and no component with beta1 receptor, and that some components in ethanol extract may combine with cardiac muscle cell membrane. The process between active components and receptors in vivo can be imitated through the interactions between drugs and CMSP. The method provides references for the resolution of two applications: to screen the active components from Chinese medicine, and to figure out the type of receptors involved.</p>

Study on the interactions between four components in Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome and acceptors on cardiac muscle membrane / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the interactions between four components in Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome and heart cell membrane acceptors.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Through observing the retention characteristics of the four components (tetramethylpyrazine, vanillic, chrysophol, ferulic acid) on cell membrane stationary phase (CMSP) chromatographic column, whether the components combine with cell membrane acceptors was studied, and through further comparing the retention characteristics with those of known activators or antagonists corresponding to cell membrane acceptors, the kind of acceptor with which one component combines was studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Tetramethylpyrazine, vanillic and chrysophol had retention on CMSP chromatographic column while ferulic acid hadn't. The retention characteristics of tetramethylpyrazine were similar to activator and antagonist corresponding to a acceptor, vanillic with beta1 acceptor activator.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tetramethylpyrazine, vanillic and chrysophol can all combine with cardiac muscle membrane acceptors, while ferulic acid can not; tetramethylpyrazine probably acts on a acceptor and vanillic acts on beta1 acceptor.</p>

Screening models and techniques for medicine and its application in the studies on the active components of Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The development of modern biologic techniques have provided new techniques and approaches for the modern studies on active components of Chinese medicine. This article is a review of four kinds of screening models and corresponding techniques for medicine and their applications in the studies on the active components of Chinese medicine. The four aspects comprise the whole animal models, receptor models and molecular biochromatography, cell models and cell membrane chromatography, and gene chip techniques. It will provide references for promoting studies and accelerating modernization of Chinese medicine.