Burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to population aging in China, 1990‒2050 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: The direction and intensity of population aging on the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in China from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed, and the burden of NCDs in 2050 was predicted. Methods: The disease-specific disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study.The differences in indicators from 1990 to 2019 were attributed to the contribution of age structure, population size, and all other causes. The Bayesian age-time-cohort models were used to predict DALYs from NCDs to 2050. Results: The absolute level of DALYs caused by NCDs increased by 7.460 million from 1990 to 2019, and the age structure contributed 186.0% (95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs): 178.4%-193.6%), population size contributed 77.0% (95% UIs: 69.5%-80.8%), all other causes contributed -163.0% (95% UIs:-163.1%- -159.3%). DALYs caused by NCDs consist of 2.527 million YLLs and 4.934 million YLDs, in which the contribution of age structure to YLLs and YLDs was 414.6% (95% UIs: 396.2%-432.5%) and 69.1% (95% UIs: 66.7%-71.4%), respectively. From 2019 to 2050, the diseases with increased DALYs due to changes in age structure are cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, sense organ diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, digestive diseases, mental disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases in descending order. Conclusions: From 1990 to 2019, except for skin and subcutaneous diseases, the burden of other NCDs attributable to population aging increased, mainly due to disability. By 2050, the burden of NCDsattributable to population aging will continue to rise.

Research progress on chemical structures and pharmacological effects of natural cytisine and its derivatives / 中国中药杂志

Cytisine derivatives are a group of alkaloids containing the structural core of cytisine, which are mainly distributed in Fabaceae plants with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as resisting inflammation, tumors, and viruses, and affecting the central nervous system. At present, a total of 193 natural cytisine and its derivatives have been reported, all of which are derived from L-lysine. In this study, natural cytisine derivatives were classified into eight types, namely cytisine type, sparteine type, albine type, angustifoline type, camoensidine type, cytisine-like type, tsukushinamine type, and lupanacosmine type. This study reviewed the research progress on the structures, plant sources, biosynthesis, and pharmacological activities of alkaloids of various types.

Study of Acute Toxicity Different Extraction Parts of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai on Mice / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To compare the toxicity of different extraction parts of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai;To screen out"toxic sections"of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai; To provide references for further study on toxicity components of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai. Methods Systematic solvent method was used to extract the 95% ethanol extracts of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai,and six different extraction fractions(petroleum ether,chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, alcohol and water) were obtained. Median lethal dose (LD50) and maximum dose method were used to conduct comparative study on acute toxicity of different extraction parts of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai. Results Chloroform, water and butanol extractions in LD50of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai were 89.65, 1805.40 and 24 409.41 mg/kg, and 95% confidence limits were 76.39~108.41, 1521.60~2240.00 and 20 422.54~24 246.95, respectively. The maximum dose of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and alcohol extractions were 2686.01, 3108.13 and 28 376.21 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion The maximum toxicity is the extracted section of chloroform, and the minimal toxicity is the extracted section of ethanol.

Ecological suitability assessment for Notopterygium plants transplanting along altitudinal gradients / 中国中药杂志

A comprehensive field research had been focused on growing status, underground biomass and active constituents of Notopterygium incisum and N. franchetii to evaluate the ecological suitability and appropriate cultivation zones by growing the two species seedlings along different elevation gradient. The results showed that compared to the survival rate and underground biomass, the beneficial altitude region to N. incisum was ranged from 2 600 m to 4 100 m, while N. franchetii required a lower altitude which ranges from 1 700 m to 3 600 m. For the active constituent contents, the values were higher in the range of 2 600 to 3 600 m for N. incisum, but for N. franchetii, the range was form 1 700 to 3 600 m. This result provides instructional guidance and scientific basis for artificial cultivation of N. incisum and N. franchetii.

Value of Analyzing Hemoglobin Aby ROC Curve for Screening Thalassemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the value of hemoglobin A(HbA) for screening thalassemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2 000 adults' peripheral blood samples from Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from June 2013 to January 2014 were collected. The hemoglobin A(HbA) level was analyzed by the full automatic capillary electrophoresis technique, and the genotypes of thalassemia were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal cutoff values of HbAfor screening silent α-thalassemia, α-thalassemia trait, intermedia α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia trait were 2.85%, 2.65%, 2.25% and 3.45%, respectively; the areas under receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.709, 0.839, 0.979 and 0.997 respectively; the sensitivities were 0.481, 0.721, 0.953 and 0.994, and the specificities were 0.846, 0.837, 0.929 and 0.969 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The optimal cutoff values of HbAfor screening different type of thalassemia based on our laboratory data are established by using ROC curve. According to the area under ROC curve, a satisfactory accuracy for screening intermedia α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia trait can be achieved by detecting hemoglobin Alevel.</p>

Effects and mechanism of baicalin on apoptosis of cervical cancer HeLa cells in-vitro

The objective of this study was to observe the apoptosis-inducing effect and mechanism of baicalin on human cervical cancer HeLa cells. The inhibitory effect of baicalin on the growth of HeLa cells was measured by MTT assay, and cell proliferation and migration was analyzed by cell scratch assay. Morphological changes of apoptotic cells were viewed by the light microscope and electron microscope, and cell growth arrest was confirmed by flow cytometry. Moreover, Western blot was used for investigating the expression of apoptosis related proteins; spectrophotometry was used to examine Caspase-3 activation. Our results showed that baicalin could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa Cells via induction of apoptosis in a time and dose-dependent manner [P<0.01]. Apoptotic signaling induced by baicalin was characterized by up-regulating Bax, Fas, FasL and Caspase-8 protein expression, and down-regulating of Bcl-2 protein expression. These results indicated that baicalin-induced apoptosis involved activation Caspase-3 in HeLa cells through the intracellular mitochondrial pathway and the surface death receptor pathway

Mycophenolate mofetil affects monocyte Toll-like receptor 4 signaling during mouse renal ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been used to prevent transplant rejection for many years and has been shown to have protective effects against renal failure. The objective was to investigate the effect of MMF on monocyte Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the early stages of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into two groups: an IRI group, in which renal IRI was induced by clamping the renal pedicles for 45 minutes, and an MMF group, in which MMF was given (40 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), intraperitoneally) from 2 days before renal IRI. The plasma creatinine level and renal tissue damage of each group mice were observed 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion. The concentration of plasma high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) (TLR4 ligand), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the expression of TLR-4 on monocytes were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasma creatinine concentration in the MMF group was lower compared to the IRI group (after reperfusion of 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours, P < 0.05). Pathological analysis showed that the renal damage was slighter, TLR-4 expression was reduced (after reperfusion of 6, 12, 24, or 48 hours, P < 0.05), and the concentration of cytokines in the plasma was lower (P < 0.05) in the MMF group. No differences in the concentrations of HMGB-1 were observed (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Monocyte TLR4 signaling is important in the early stage of kidney IRI, but MMF can inhibit it and improve renal function.</p>

Animal study on expression of laminin and fibronectin in cornea during wound healing following alkali burn / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of laminin and fibronectin in alkali-burned corneas in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 18 normal Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 3 in each group). For each rat, one eye was injured by alkali burn, the other one was taken as the normal control. Then all the corneas were surgically removed and the expression of laminin and fibronectin was observed with immunohistochemistry respectively at 7 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days after alkali burn.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that of the normal controls, the expression of laminin and fibronectin of the burned eyes was dramatically higher at 7 hours, reached peak at 14 days and decreased to the normal level at 28 days after alkali burn.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the process of wound healing after alkali burn, the expression of laminin and fibronectin increases dramatically, which suggests that laminin and fibronectin may participate in the process of corneal wound healing.</p>