Imaging study on thoracic and lumbar physiological curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the alteration of thoracic and lumbar physiological curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) and the difference of physiological curvature between different types of scoliosis.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on 305 adolescent patients taken full spine X-ray in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. The patients were divided into normal group and scoliosis group. The normal group was composed of 179 patients, 79 males and 100 females, aged 10 to 18 years old with an average of (12.84±2.10) years old, with cobb agle less than 10 degrees. The scoliosis group was composed of 126 patients, 33 males and 93 females, aged 10 to 18 years old with an average of (13.92±2.20) years old. The gender, age, Risser sign, thoracic kyphosis(TK) and lumbar lordosis(LL) in 2 groups were compared, and the TK and LL were also compared between different genders, different degrees of scoliosis and different segments of scoliosis.@*RESULTS@#The female ratio(P=0.001) and age (P<0.001) in scoliosis group were higher than them in normal group; the ratio of low-grade ossification was higher in normal group than in scoliosis group(P=0.038). TK was significantly smaller in scoliosis group than in normal group(P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in LL between the 2 groups(P=0.147). There were no significant difference in TK and LL between male and female. The TK was significantly bigger in mild AIS patients than in moderate AIS patients(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in LL between mild and moderate patients(P>0.05). The TK and LL in different segments scoliosis were not found significant difference.@*CONCLUSION@#The physiological curvature of thoracic and lumbar spine is independent of gender. The thoracic physiological curvature becomes smaller in AIS patients, but lumbar curvature remains unchanged. The thoracic physiological curvature in mild AIS patients is greater than that in moderate AIS patients, but the lumbar curvature is almost unchanged between mild and moderate scoliosis and is similar with that in normal adolescent. The alteration of thoracic and lumbar physiological curvature in AIS patients may be related to relative anterior spinal overgrowth, and the specific detailed mechanism needs to be further studied.

Status risk factors and prevention and control strategies of familial aggregation of Helicobacter pylori infection / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the status of familial aggregation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in Jinniu District, Chengdu, and analyze its risk factors so as to provide a basis for developing prevention and control strategies of family aggregation of Hp infection. Methods A total of 172 subjects in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College · 416 Hospital of Nuclear Industry from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects. All subjects underwent 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) to diagnose whether there was Hp infection. Analyze the current situation of family aggregation of Hp infection in the region, collect general data of survey subjects, analyze the relevant factors affecting Hp family aggregation infection, and develop prevention and control strategies based on this. Results A total of 242 people from 97 households were surveyed, and the Hp family aggregation rate was 29.33%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in family aggregation of Hp infection in terms of different age groups (χ2=9.719, P=0.008), marital status (χ2=8.496, P=0.014), occupations (χ2=19.462, P2=5.457, P=0.019), previous Hp test results (χ2 =4.131, P=0.042) and test results after treatment (χ2=12.000, P=0.001), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of dining out 2 days or more per week and a positive Hp test results in the past were risk factors for family aggregation of Hp infection, while the occupation of teachers/medical staff/management/technology personnel and a negative Hp results after treatment were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Family aggregation of Hp infection is related to family members' occupation, frequency of dining out, previous Hp test results and Hp test results after eradication, which deserves attention in clinical practice.

Therapeutic Effect of Savolitinib in Patients with Stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To analyze therapeutic effect of savolitinib in patients with stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 95 patients with MET 14 exon (METex14) jumping mutation in stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ NSCLC were divided into a control group (47 cases) and an observation group (48 cases) through a random-number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with crizotinib, whereas those in the observation group were treated with savolitinib. The clinical efficacy and incidence of toxic side effects in both groups were evaluated through a chi-square test, and survival was evaluated through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results Compared with control group (31.91% and 70.21%), the objective response rate and disease control rate of the observation group were 52.08% and 87.50%, respectively (P<0.05). According to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the overall survival and progression free survival rates in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (Log rank χ2=8.003, 4.528; P=0.005, 0.033). No statistically significant difference in the degree of toxic side effects was found between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Savolitinib can improve the efficacy of treatment for stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ METex14 skip mutation NSCLC patients, prolong survival, enhance the tolerance of patients to savolitinib, and facilitate the management of adverse reactions.

The accuracy of tumor size measurement and clinical T staging for resected lung cancer: Retrospective analysis of 1 880 patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To elucidate the correlation between radiological tumor size (RTS) and pathological tumor size (PTS), and to evaluate the accuracy of clinical T staging. Methods Data on patients who underwent complete resection between September 2018 and June 2019 were retrospectively collected. The correlation between RTS and PTS was analyzed by and we assessed the agreement between clinical and pathologic T staging. Results Finally, 1 880 patients were included. There were 778 males and 1 102 females at average age of 57±11 years. In the entire cohort, the RTS and PTS was 19.1±13.5 mm and 17.7±14.0 mm, respectively (P<0.001). The RTS and PTS showed a strong linear correlation with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient calculated as 0.897. The mean RTS was significantly larger than PTS (P<0.001) in tumors≤3 cm, but significantly smaller in tumors>4 cm. The overall concordance rate between clinical and pathological T staging was 65.6%. Clinical staging failed to detect T4 disease in 29.4% (5/17) of patients. Male patients and the presence of cavities within nodules were independent significant factors leading to inaccurate clinical T staging. Conclusions The correlation between the tumor sizes measured on thin-section computed tomography and pathologic specimens varies with the real tumor size. Methods and techniques for improving clinical T staging accuracy is in urgent need.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Constipation Based on 5-HT Signaling Pathway： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chronic constipation （CC） is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal diseases. At present， the overall therapeutic effect of CC is still not satisfactory worldwide， which seriously affects the quality of life and social function of patients. The etiology and pathophysiological mechanism of constipation are still unclear. It involves comprehensive factors such as heredity， social psychology， diet， intestinal flora imbalance， intestinal motility disorder， visceral sensitivity change， pelvic floor muscle group dysfunction and enteric nervous system （ENS） disorder. Among them， the abnormal factors of the brain-gut-microbiome axis are particularly significant. The brain-gut-microbiome axis is a complex network of interactions between the intestine and the brain， integrating and coordinating the physiological functions and pathological processes of the gastrointestinal tract. Microorganisms in the intestinal lumen play an important role in it， and can communicate with the intestinal tract and the central nervous system through nerve， endocrine and immune pathways. As a key brain-gut peptide in the regulation pathway of the brain-gut-microbiome axis， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility， sensation and secretion. The abnormal conduction of the 5-HT signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of constipation. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） is a unique precious resource in China， which has good curative effects and safety. In recent years， it has received extensive attention in the treatment of constipation. TCM and active ingredients， acupuncture and massage specifically regulate 5-HT signal transmission， so that the expressions of related molecules tend to be suitable for individual disease state levels to effectively improve constipation symptoms， with unique advantages. Therefore， this study used ''constipation''， ''intestinal flora''， ''5-HT''， and ''traditional Chinese medicine'' as the keywords to search PubMed， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and other literature databases. The correlation between 5-HT and constipation as well as brain-gut-microbiome axis and the research progress of TCM intervention in the 5-HT signaling pathway in the treatment of constipation were reviewed in order to explore the potential therapeutic value of 5-HT system in this disease and provide references for subsequent research.

Analysis of the time consumption of clinical trials contract signing and its influencing factors / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To study the time consumption of clinical trial projects in each link of contract signing in medical institutions and its influencing factors, to provide a reference for further optimizing the clinical trial management process and improving the efficiency of contract signing.Methods:All of the review records of projects that signed clinical trial contracts at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed by comparing the time consumption in each link before signing the contracts and the frequency of contract reviews. Multiple linear regressions were applied to multivariate analyze the influence of different factors on contract signing.Results:A total of 761 clinical trial contracts signed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were included in this study, and the average time consumption of contract signing was 127.0 days, among which the consumption of contract review by the hospital was 10.5 days and by sponsors was 99.0 days. The time consumption of contract signing has been decreasing in recent 4 years, from 154.0 days in 2018 to 104.0 days in 2021. The phase of clinical trials, category of sponsors, frequency of contract reviews, and different policies of the institutions were the main influencing factors for contract signing time ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Clinical trial institutions should optimize the contract approval progress, provide agreement templates and targeted service, and strengthen propaganda and information system construction, to improve the efficiency of reviewing and signing clinical trial contracts.

Effects of peripartum treatment on delivery outcomes in women with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a prospective cohort study / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of peripartum administration of low-dose corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on delivery outcomes in pregnant patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).Methods:This prospective cohort study involved pregnant women (≥34 gestational weeks) who were diagnosed with ITP in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. Their platelet counts were between 20×10 9/L to 50×10 9/L without bleeding and none of them had been treated with any medications. All patients were divided into medication group (prednisone or IVIG) and platelet transfusion group based on their preference. Differences in vaginal delivery rate, postpartum hemorrhage rate and platelet transfusion volume between the two groups were compared using t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the factors influencing the rates of vaginal delivery and postpartum hemorrhage. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the platelet transfusion volume. Results:A total of 96 patients with ITP were recruited with 70 in the medication group and 26 in the platelet transfusion group. The vaginal delivery rate in the medication group was higher than that in the platelet transfusion group [60.0% (42/70) vs 30.8% (8/26), χ 2=6.49, P=0.013]. After adjusted by the proportion of multiparae and the gestational age at delivery, binary logistic regression showed that the increased vaginal delivery rate in patients undergoing the peripartum treatment ( OR=4.937, 95% CI: 1.511-16.136, P=0.008). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the two groups was 22.9% (16/70) and 26.9% (7/26), respectively, but no significant difference was shown ( χ 2=0.17, P=0.789). The median platelet transfusion volume was lower in the medication group than in the platelet transfusion group [1 U(0-4 U) vs 1 U(1-3 U), Z=－2.18, P=0.029]. After adjustment of related factors including the platelet count at enrollment, obstetrical complications and anemia, multiple linear regression showed that the platelet transfusion volume was also lower in the medication group (95% CI:0.053-0.911, P=0.028). Ninety-six newborns were delivered without intracranial hemorrhage. The overall incidence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 26.0% (25/96). There was no significant difference in birth weight, and incidence of neonatal asphyxia or thrombocytopenia between the two groups. Conclusion:Peripartum therapy in ITP patients may increase vaginal delivery rate and reduce platelet transfusion volume without causing more postpartum hemorrhage.

Analysis of imaging characteristics of papulopustular rosacea by high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate imaging characteristics of papulopustular rosacea (PPR) by high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging.Methods:From August 2021 to August 2022, 30 patients with PPR were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. The 22-MHz high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler blood flow imaging was performed to measure the skin thickness, echo and blood flow parameters at the cheek, and the ultrasound results were compared between the two groups. Comparisons between groups were conducted by using t test or chi-square test. The diagnostic value was analyzed using the area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:In the case group, there were 12 males and 18 females, and their ages ranged from 22 to 65 years (42.3 ± 12.8 years) ; in the control group, there were 10 males and 20 females, and their ages ranged from 24 to 62 years (41.0 ± 8.4 years) . The epidermal and dermal thicknesses at the cheek were significantly higher in the case group (132.64 ± 12.29 μm, 1 812.29 ± 85.52 μm, respectively) than in the control group (104.34 ± 14.45 μm, 1 671.77 ± 146.55 μm, respectively, both P < 0.05) . High-frequency ultrasound images showed that the case group was mainly characterized by irregular hypoechoic areas in the cheek dermis (80%) , while banded moderately echoic areas were common in the cheek dermis in the control group (90%) ; subepidermal low-echogenic bands and dermal irregular hypoechoic areas were more likely to appear in the case group than in the control group (93.33% vs. 43.33%, 80% vs. 10%, respectively, both P < 0.001) . Compared with the control group, the case group showed a significantly increased proportion of patients with abundant blood flow signals (93.3% vs. 10%, P < 0.05) , and significantly increased blood vessel diameters (1.60 ± 0.42 mm vs. 0.95 ± 0.32 mm, P < 0.05) ; there was no significant difference in peak systolic blood flow velocity and vascular resistance index between the two groups (both P > 0.05) . The AUC of high-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging quantitative parameters (including epidermal thicknesses, dermal thicknesses, and blood vessel diameters) was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.970 - 1.000) for the diagnosis of PPR, and the sensitivity and specificity were both 96.7%, which were higher than those of single parameter-based diagnostic model. Conclusion:High-frequency ultrasound combined with color Doppler flow imaging can help improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of PPR, by accurately and non-invasively measuring skin thickness and blood flow parameters.

Relationship between SIRT1 and ferroptosis during curcumin-induced reduction of acute lung injury in a mouse model of sepsis / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and ferroptosis during curcumin-induced reduction of acute lung injury in a mouse model of sepsis.Methods:One hundred and fifty-two SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice, aged 8 weeks, weighing 23-27 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=38 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (C group), sepsis group (S group), curcumin group (Cur group) and curcumin plus SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 group (CE group). Curcumin 200 mg/kg was administered by intragastric gavage every day in Cur group. Curcumin 200 mg/kg was administered by intragastric gavage every day and EX527 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in CE group. The equal volume of solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was given in C group and S group. Sepsis model was developed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) after 5 days of consecutive administration in anesthetized animals. Twenty mice in each group were randomly selected to observe the survival condition within 7 days after CLP. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at 24 h after developing the model to determine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-18 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and the lung tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of wet-to-dry lung weight (W/D) ratio, contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron (by colorimetry), and expression of SIRT1, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with C group, the 7-day survival rate after CLP was significantly decreased, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 in BALF, W/D ratio and lung injury score were increased, the content of GSH in lung tissues was decreased, the contents of MDA and iron were increased, the expression of SIRT1 and GPX4 was down-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated in S group ( P<0.05). Compared with S group, the 7-day survival rate after CLP was significantly increased, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 in BALF, W/D ratio and lung injury score were decreased, the content of GSH was increased, the contents of MDA and iron were decreased, the expression of SIRT1 and GPX4 was up-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was down-regulated in Cur group ( P<0.05). Compared with Cur group, the 7-day survival rate after CLP was significantly decreased, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 in BALF, W/D ratio and lung injury score were increased, the content of GSH was decreased, the contents of MDA and iron were increased, the expression of SIRT1 and GPX4 was down-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated in CE group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which curcumin attenuates acute lung injury may be related to activation of SIRT1 and further inhibition of ferroptosis in mice.

Effects of open-lung strategy on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of open-lung strategy (OLS) on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods:Seventy-four elderly patients of both sexes, aged 65-80 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-30.0 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective laparoscopic radical rectal cancer or radical prostate cancer surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=37 each) by the random number table method: OLS group and non-OLS (NOLS) group. Patients in OLS group received small tidal volume ventilation, recruitment maneuvers, and individualized positive end-expiratory pressure. Fixed positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cmH 2O was given in NOLS group. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO 2), pH value, PaO 2, PaCO 2 and PaO 2/FiO 2 were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T 0, baseline value), at 10 min after tracheal intubation (T 1), at 1 and 2 h after pneumoperitoneum (T 2, 3) and at 10 min after extubation (T 4). The levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and calcium-binding protein (S100β) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before surgery, at the end of surgery, and at 1 day after surgery. The development of POD was assessed using the delirium assessment scale at 1-3 days after surgery. Results:Compared with NOLS group, the pH value was significantly decreased at T 3, PaCO 2 was increased, PaO 2, PaO 2/FiO 2 and rSO 2 were increased at T 2-4, serum IL-6 and S100β concentrations were decreased after surgery and at 1 day after surgery, the serum IL-10 concentration was increased, and the incidence of POD was decreased in OLS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:OLS can increase rSO 2, reduce the systemic inflammatory response, and decrease the risk of POD in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Efficacy of vitamin D adjuvant therapy for prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of hepatitis B / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis of hepatitis B.Methods:A total of 172 patients with decompensated cirrhosis of hepatitis B admitted in Jinhua Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January to December 2021 were randomly divided into two groups with 86 cases in each group. Patients in both groups received conventional antiviral and symptomatic treatment; while patients in the intervention group received additinal oral vitamin D drops (800 IU/d) for 6 months. After 6 months of treatment, the incidence of SBP and the serum biochemical indexes were compared between two groups. SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:After 6 months of treatment, the incidence of SBP in the intervention group(5.81%, 5/86) was significantly lower than that in control group(30.23%, 26/86)( χ2=19.210, P<0.01). The serum 25-(OH)D level in intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t=13.425, P=0.018), while the levels of CRP, PCT and IL-6 in intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=17.312, 10.353 and 12.218, P<0.01 or <0.05). Conclusion:Vitamin D adjuvant therapy can increase serum 25-(OH)D level, decrease serum CRP, PCT and IL-6 levels, and effectively reduce the incidence of SBP in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of hepatitis B.

Study of miR-506 in M2 macrophage polarization and immune intervention in pancreatic cancer mice / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To analyze the effect of microRNA-506 (miR-506) on M2 macrophages polarization and immune intervention in pancreatic cancer mice.Methods:Macrophages from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were cultured in vitro, polarized into M1 or M2 type macrophages, and transfected with miR-506 or control sequence (miR-ctrl), respectively. Polarized macrophages from M1+ miR-ctrl group, M1+ miR-506 group, M2+ miR-ctrl group and M2+ miR-506 group were collected. The relative expression of marker genes of M1 and M2 type macrophages of four groups were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The characteristic functions of M1 and M2 type macrophages of four groups were also detected, such as phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis (characteristic function of M1 type macrophages), arginase 1 activity and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) (characteristic function of M2 type macrophages). Sixty healthy male C57BL/6 mice without specific pathogen, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into miR-ctrl programmed death-1 (PD-1) group, miR-506 PD-1 group, miR-ctrl iso group, and miR-506 iso group. They were injected with miR-506, miR-ctrl, PD-1 antibodies, and isotype control antibodies, with 15 in each group. The tumor volume, tumor weight, Ki-67 and interferon γ expression were analyzed three weeks later. Results:Compared with M2+ miR-ctrl group, the relative expression of M1 type macrophage marker genes increased, and the relative expression of M2 type macrophage marker genes decreased in M2+ miR-506 group, with significant difference (all P<0.05). Compared with M2+ miR-ctrl group, the phagocytic function and NO synthesis of macrophages in M2+ miR-506 group increased, the activity of arginase 1 and the secretion of VEGF, TGF-β and IL-10 decreased, with significant difference (all P<0.05). There was no significant differences in tumor weight, volume, Ki-67, and interferon γ expression between miR-ctrl iso and miR-ctrl PD-1 group (all P>0.05). The tumor weight, tumor volume and Ki-67 in miR-506 PD-1 group were lower than those in miR-ctrl PD-1 group [(0.32±0.13) g vs (0.85±0.24) g; (0.72±0.23) cm 3 vs (2.03±0.21) cm 3; (25.9±10.3)% vs (55.6±12.5)%], while interferon-γ expression was significantly higher than that in miR-ctrl PD-1 group [(122.4±15.3) ng/g vs (82.4±22.2) ng/g] (all P<0.05). Conclusion:miR-506 inhibits the polarization of M2 macrophages and increases the anti PD-1 immunotherapy sensitivity in pancreatic cancer.

Clinical application of 3.0 T MR imaging without contrast in coronary artery based on compressed SENSE technology / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the optimal acceleration factor and feasibility of the compressed SENSE (CS) technique in non-contrast MR coronary angiography (NMRCA) for clinical practice.Methods:The image data of completed coronary CTA and 3.0 T NMRCA sequence in 31 patients with suspected coronary heart disease were prospectively recruited at Fuyang People′s Hospital from August 2021 to November 2021. NMRCA sequences included conventional SENSE2 sequence and CS sequences with acceleration factors of 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The subjective scores of image quality and the objective scores, the contrast ratios between assessed coronaries and myocardium (CMCR) were compared among the 4 groups using the Friedman and Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results:Compared with the conventional SENSE2 [(343±46)s], the scan time of CS4 (269±36), CS5 (214±29) and CS6 (178±26) s were shortened by 21.5%, 37.5% and 48.0%, respectively. There was a good consistency between the subjective scores of the four groups (Kappa=0.769, 95% Cl 0.738-0.800). There was no significant difference in subjective score and CMCR value between CS4 and SENSE2 ( P>0.05). The coronary artery segments of CS5 and CS6 were significantly different from SENSE2 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For 3.0 T NMRCA, CS technology shows high feasibility. The CS4 can reduce imaging time while ensuring high-quality coronary arterial images, which has a well-established clinical application value for NMRCA.

Posterior vertebral column resection combined with polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation and shortening of spinal column for stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease with very severe collapse of fractured vertebra / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) combined with polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation and shortening of spinal column for stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease with very severe collapse of fractured vertebra.Methods:From January 2017 to September 2021, 9 patients with stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease with very severe collapse of fractured vertebra underwent PVCR combined with polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation and shortening of spinal column. Their medical records were retrospectively analyzed. There were 1 male and 8 females, aged (66.9±5.8) years. The injured vertebra was located at T 11 in 2 patients, at T 12 in 4, at L 1 in 2 and at L 2 in 1. X-ray, CT and MRI were performed before operation. The posterior intervertebral heights of adjacent vertebral bodies of the fractured vertebra in the median sagittal position were measured on CT or MRI to evaluate the shortening of the spinal column before PVCR. Recorded were intraoperative bleeding volume, operation time, complications, bone graft fusion, and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading at preoperation and the last follow-up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, and kyphotic cobb angles at preoperation, 1 week and 3 months postoperation, and the last follow-up were compared to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PVCR. Results:All patients underwent surgery successfully, with tight closure of adjacent vertebrae after resection of the injured vertebra and bone grafting. Operation time was (240.6±23.2) min and intraoperative bleeding (505.6±95.0) mL. The 9 patients were followed up for (17.3±5.6) months. No worsening symptoms of nerve injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or other serious complications were found after operation, nor such complications as loosening or breakage of internal fixation or adjacent vertebral fractures. Bone fusion was achieved at the bone graft sites in all patients by the last follow-up. The VAS and ODI scores and cobb angles at 1 week and 3 months postoperation and at the last follow-up were significantly decreased compared with preoperation ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS scores or cobb angles among postoperative 1 week and 3 months and the last follow-up ( P>0.05), but pairwise comparisons between different time points after operation showed significant differences in ODI, with postoperative 1 week > postoperative 3 months > the last follow-up ( P<0.05). The ASIA grading at the last follow-up was improved from preoperative grade C to grade D in 2 cases, from preoperative grade C to grade E in 1 case and from preoperative grade D to grade E in 5 cases. Conclusion:PVCR combined with polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw instrumentation and shortening of spinal column is a feasible and effective surgical treatment for stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease with very severe collapse of fractured vertebra, leading to good clinical efficacy.

Analysis of multiline therapy for small cell lung cancer transformed from lung adenocarcinoma and review of the literature / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the effect of multi line therapy for lung adenocarcinoma transformed into small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and review and discuss the related literature.Methods:Combined with the clinical examples of lung adenocarcinoma transformed SCLC after treatment with anti epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), the diagnostic process and multi line treatment plan of transformed SCLC were analyzed, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated by imaging. At the same time, it was reviewed and discussed in combination with relevant literature.Results:Serological tumor markers were significant for the diagnosis of transformed SCLC after EGFR-TKI treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, and pathology was still the gold standard for its diagnosis. The multiline therapy of SCLC has certain effect on transformed small cell lung cancer.Conclusion:The overall prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma transformed into SCLC after EGFR TKIs treatment is poor, so it is necessary to diagnose and treat it as early as possible, evaluate the effect of imaging in time, and make treatment adjustment quickly.

Exposure to specific far-infrared ray based on gra-phene film promotes exercise capacity and glucose metabolism via AMPK / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE AMPK activator,act as exer-cise mimetics,effective in preventing or ameliorating met-abolic diseases,including obesity and diabetes.Systemic activating of AMPK represents an important therapeutic strategy to treat metabolic diseases.However,whether far-infrared(FIR)hyperthermia therapy could be used as exercise mimetic to realize wide-ranging metabolic regu-lation,and its underling mechanisms remain unclear.METHODS The mice were subjected to hyperthermia in the FIR chamber(30±1)℃for 14 d.Exercise endurance was determined using a treadmill.Blood flow were mea-sured by the laser speckle contrast imaging.Combina-tion of microbiomic and metabolomic analysis,diversity of microbiota and metabolic profiling in muscle were detected.The microbiota disorder model via treatment with different cocktails of antibiotics(ABX).RESULTS The material characterization shows that the graphene synthesized by chemical vapour deposition(CVD)is dif-ferent from carbon fi ber,with single-layer structure and high electrothermal transform efficiency.The emission spectra generated by graphene-FIR device would maxi-mize matching those adsorbed by tissues(≈8.0 μm).Gra-phene-FIR improves core and epidermal temperature,and increases blood flow in femoral muscle and abdo-men.The diversity of gut microbiota was increased by graphene-FIR exposure.Graphene-FIR reduced the bac-teroidetes/firmicutes(B/F)ratio and increased the abun-dance of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)-producing bac-teria,including Allobaculum,Blautia and Anaerostipes.Additionally,graphene-FIR stimulated the expression of SCFAs-sensing receptor(GPR 43),p-AMPK Thr172 and GLUT4,and increased the AMP/ATP ratio,thus enhanc-ing muscle glucose uptake.Metabolomic analyses revealed the significant changes in 25 metabolites,with twenty increased(eg.creatinine and phosphate)and five decreased(eg.lactic acid),and the marked impact of five metabolic pathways,including galactose metabo-lism,glycolysis,gluconeogenesis,fatty acid biosynthesis,butanoate metabolism,pyruvate metabolism.Further-more,a microbiota disorder model also demonstrates that the graphene-FIR effectively restore the exercise endurance with enhanced p-AMPK and GLUT4.CON-CLUSION Our results provide convincing evidence that graphene-based FIR therapy promoted exercise capacity and glucose metabolism via AMPK in gut-muscle axis.These novel insights into graphene-FIR therapy suggest a potential as an exercise mimetic for the treatment of metabolic disease in clinical.

Effect of ventilator-induced lung injury on blood-brain barrier permeability in rats / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To observe the effect of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) on blood-brain barrier permeability in rats.Methods:Forty-eight healthy clean male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group, low tidal volume (LVT) mechanical ventilation group (LVT group), normal tidal volume (NVT) mechanical ventilation group (NVT group) and high tidal volume (HVT) mechanical ventilation group (HVT group) with 12 rats in each group. After anesthesia, rats in the Sham group were intubated and kept spontaneous breathing. The rats in different tidal volume (VT) groups were mechanically ventilated by endotracheal intubation with VT of 6 mL/kg (LVT group), 10 mL/kg (NVT group), and 20 mL/kg (HVT group), respectively. The inspiration-expiration ratio of the three groups was 1∶1, the ventilation frequency was 40 times/min, and the ventilation time was 3 hours. At the end of the experiment, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats was collected, and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6)] in BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lung tissues of rats were collected, and the lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio was calculated. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed under light microscopy after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and lung injury scores were performed. The brain tissue of rats was taken to measure the brain water content, and the Evans blue (EB) content of brain tissue was measured to reflect the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The tight junction proteins in the brain tissues were detected by Western blotting.Results:After 3 hours of mechanical ventilation, with the increase of VT, the degree of lung injury in VILI rats gradually increased. When VT reached 20 mL/kg, lung tissue structure was significantly injured, alveolar wall edema, alveolar congestion, lung interstitial thickening, a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated, and the lung injury score, lung W/D ratio, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF were significantly higher than those in the Sham group [lung injury score: 10.6±1.1 vs. 1.4±1.0, lung W/D ratio: 6.6±0.8 vs. 3.7±0.6, TNF-α(ng/L): 832.9±97.9 vs. 103.8±23.3, IL-1β (ng/L): 68.9±14.1 vs. 15.7±2.6, IL-6 (ng/L): 70.8±16.4 vs. 20.3±5.4, all P < 0.05]. Lung injury in rats was accompanied by aggravating brain injury. When VT reached 20 mL/kg, brain water content and EB content in brain tissue were significantly higher than those in the Sham group [brain water content: (85.4±3.6)% vs. (68.7±2.7)%, EB content in brain tissue (μg/g): 887±78 vs. 97±14, both P < 0.05], and the protein expressions of claudin-5, occluding and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in the brain tissue were significantly lower than those in the Sham group [claudin-5 protein (claudin-5/β-actin): 0.67±0.12 vs. 1.45±0.19, occludin protein (occludin/β-actin): 0.48±0.11 vs. 0.99±0.21, ZO-1 protein (ZO-1/β-actin): 0.13±0.03 vs. 0.63±0.12, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:VILI can induce brain edema and increase blood-brain barrier permeability in rats, which may be related to the down-regulation of tight junction protein expression in the brain tissue.

Case-based learning method combined with mind mapping in pathophysiology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of case-based learning (CBL) combined with mind mapping on pathophysiology teaching.Methods:Totally 124 undergraduate students from Batch 2017 of Yanjing Medical College of Capital Medical University were selected as research subjects, and they were divided into experimental group ( n=60) and control group ( n=64). The traditional teaching method was used in the control group, while the experimental group adopted CBL combined with mind mapping teaching method. At the end of the course, the teaching effectiveness was evaluated by the usual grades from Mosoteach online teaching platform and test performances. SPSS 17.0 was used to perform Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Welch's correction t test. Results:The initiative of students in the experimental group was significantly improved than that in the control group ( P<0.001), and the understanding ability was also better in the experimental group than the control group ( P=0.020). The average theoretical scores of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group ( P=0.036), with the main manifestations that the scores of objective questions were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.001), and the scores of short answer and discussion questions were higher than those of the control group ( P=0.006). There was no significant difference in noun interpretation scores between the two groups ( P=0.302). Conclusion:The CBL combined with mind mapping can significantly improve the teaching quality of pathophysiology.

Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Children are also at high risk of novel coronavirus infection. However, as children are in the developmental stage and their phylogeny is not yet complete, adult guidelines cannot be directly copied in the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Therefore, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University organized relevant professionals of Children’s Hospital. Based on the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Trial 10th Edition)" issued by the General Office of the National Health Commission of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the diagnosis and treatment plan suggestions for children with novel coronavirus infection in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were formulated by referring to several instructive diagnosis and treatment plans and combining our hospital’s experience in treating children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This recommendation makes a concise and practical description from the perspectives of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, clinical typing, treatment and nursing of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, and also makes recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of high-risk factors and complications for the reference of front-line clinical pediatricians so as to achieve timely and reasonable diagnosis and treatment of children infected with SARS-CoV-2. Early identification and active treatment of high-risk and critically patients can minimize the harm caused by complications.

Research progress of influenza vaccination, pneumococcal vaccination and COVID-19 vaccination among cancer patients / 中华预防医学杂志

This article reviews the relevant studies on the efficacy and safety of influenza, pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccination among tumor patients worldwide in recent years. By combing and analyzing the retrieved literature, the results show that influenza and pneumococcal vaccination can significantly reduce the morbidity and hospitalization rate of infectious diseases in tumor patients, reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death, and significantly improve survival prognosis. COVID-19 vaccination can also protect tumor patients, especially those who have completed full dose vaccination. Authoritative guidelines and consensuses worldwide all recommend that tumor patients receive influenza, pneumococcal and COVID-19 vaccines. We should carry out relevant researches, as well as take effective measures to strengthen patient education, so that tumor patients can fully experience the health protection brought by the vaccine to this specific group.