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Objective:To evaluate the difference in safety and immunogenicity of live rotavirus vaccine (oral) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine immunized alone or in combination.Methods:This study recruited 1 752 children aged 8-9 months who had not been vaccinated with live rotavirus vaccine (oral) or MMR vaccine after birth. The subjects were divided into three groups: study group (652 subjects, immunized with live rotavirus vaccine and MMR vaccine), control group 1 (723 subjects, immunized with live rotavirus vaccine) and control group 2 (377 subjects, immunized with MMR vaccine). Local and systemic adverse reactions within 30 d after vaccination were recorded. Serum samples were collected before and 35-42 d after immunization for analyzing the changes in antibodies.Results:Immunization alone or in combination with live rotavirus vaccine (oral) and MMR vaccine achieved similar results in the positive rates and concentrations of antibodies against rotavirus, measles and rubella viruses ( P>0.05). Moreover, the positive rates and the concentrations of the three antibodies were increased after vaccination. Compared with the control group 2, the concentration of antibody against mumps virus in the study group was increased ( P<0.05), but no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody against mumps virus was found between the two groups ( P>0.05). The positive rate and the concentration of antibody against mumps virus were increased after combined immunization or immunization with MMR vaccine alone. The overall incidence of fever and diarrhea was 1.54% (27/1 752) and 0.63% (11/1 752). No other abnormal reactions, incidental reactions or adverse reactions of any clinical significance were observed. Conclusions:Live rotavirus vaccine (oral) and MMR vaccine immunized alone or in combination showed good immunogenicity and safety.
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Objective:To observe the clinical features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (CMVR)- related uveitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From October 2015 to May 2020, 14 cases of 21 eyes of CMVR patients with CMVR after HSCT confirmed by the ophthalmological examination of The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included in the study. Among them, there were 5 males with 8 eyes and 9 females with 13 eyes. The average age was 35.12± 12.24 years old. All the affected eyes were examined by slit lamp microscope combined with front lens and fundus color photography. At the same time, fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was performed to examine 10 eyes of 5 cases; 3 cases of 3 eyes were examined for inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor. All eyes received intravitreal injection of ganciclovir; patients with a history of systemic CMV infection received intravenous infusion of ganciclovir/foscarnet. The retinal lesions in the eye were completely resolved or the aqueous CMV-DNA was negative as a cure for CMVR. The uveitis symptoms, signs, FFA manifestations and the test results of inflammatory factors in aqueous humor before and after the CMVR cure was observed. The follow-up time after CMVR was cured was 3-42 months, and the average follow-up time was 14.28±13.12 months.Results:All eyes with CMVR were diagnosed with retrocorneal dust and/or stellate keratic precipitates (KP), anterior chamber flare and cells, and varying degrees of vitreous flocculent opacity; the retina was typical of a mixture of hemorrhage and yellow-white necrosis like "scrambled eggs with tomatoes". After CMVR was cured, there were 16 eyes (71.4%, 10/14) in 10 cases with KP, anterior chamber flare, cell and vitreous opacity. FFA examination revealed that the majority of retinal leakage during the active period of CMVR was necrotic foci and surrounding tissues; after CMVR was cured, the majority of retinal leakage was the retina and blood vessels in the non-necrotic area. The test results of inflammatory factors in aqueous humor showed that interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules were significantly increased in the active phase of CMVR; after 3 months of CMVR cured, inflammatory factors did not increase significantly.Conclusion:CMVR-associated uveitis after HSCT show as chronic panuveitis, with no obvious eye congestion, KP, anterior chamber flare, cell and vitreous opacity, and retinal vessel leakage which could exist for a long time (>3 months).
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Objective:To compare clinical characteristics of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods:41 patients with CSC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were studied, according to the course, they were divided into acute central serous chorioretinopathy group (A group, 29 eyes of 29 cases) and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy group (B group, 12 eyes of 12 cases). All patients underwent the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subretinal fluid thickness (SRF) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) examination. The imaging characteristics of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were compared between the two groups.Results:The BCVA, SRF and SFCT in A group were higher than those in B group ( P<0.05). FFA in group A showed that the leakage of ink diffusion or smoke type fluorescein leakage. FFA in group B showed that the fluorescein leakage was single or multiple in macular area, and atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells was observed. OCTA of group A showed that the choroidal capillary layer showed high blood flow signal, low blood flow signal around the outside, or coarse granular high signal, and no choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was found. OCTA in group B showed that the image of choroidal capillary layer was similar to that of group A, but in group B, 2 eyes (2/12) had CNV with obvious morphology. Conclusions:Clinical characteristics of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy are different. OCTA has definite application value in follow-up and detection of CNV.
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Objective:To assess the antibody persistence 3-5 years following vaccination of measles and rubella combined live-attenuated vaccine (MR) at 8 months of age and measles, mumps and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) at 18 months of age.Methods:In 2016, 18-month-old children who were vaccinated with one dose of MR vaccine at the age of 8 months were recruited in Hebei Province as group 1; 4-, 5- and 6-year-old children who were vaccinated with one dose of MR vaccine at the age of 8 months and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age were recruited in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Beijing as group 2, group 3 and group 4, respectively. Serum samples were collected to detect IgG antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella by ELISA. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies were compared among groups by analysis of variance or non-parametric test. Seropositive rates were compared among groups by Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. Results:A total of 650 children were included in this study. Seropositive rates of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies 30 d after vaccination of 150 18-month-old children with one dose of MMR vaccine were 100%, 91.33% and 100%, respectively, and the GMCs were 1 846.87 mIU/ml, 299.91 IU/ml and 111.33 IU/ml, respectively. Seropositive rates of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies 3-5 years after vaccination one dose of MR vaccine at 8 months of age and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age were above 94%, 79% and 71%, respectively, and the GMCs were above 830 mIU/ml, 240 IU/ml and 31 IU/ml. No significant difference in the seropositive rates of the three antibodies was observed among groups 2, 3 and 4 ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the GMCs of measles or mumps antibodies among the three groups ( P>0.05), but the differences in the GMCs of rubella antibodies were statistically significant ( P=0.034). Conclusions:Measles, mumps and rubella antibodies persisted for 3-5 years without significant decrease after vaccination one dose of MR vaccine at 8 months of age and one dose of MMR vaccine at 18 months of age.
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Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPV23) and trivalent influenza vaccine ( TIV) in pre-schoolers. Methods A total of 1035 children aged 3-7 years were enrolled in this study and randomly di-vided into three groups, inoculated PPV23, TIV and both, respectively. A one-year follow-up study was conducted for immunogenicity and safety analysis. Results A total of 1035 serological specimens were col-lected, including 327 in PPV23 group, 348 in TIV group and 360 in concomitant vaccination group. No sig-nificant differences in geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of seven pneumococcal serotypes were observed between the PPV23 group and the concomitant vaccination group. Compared with the TIV group, the con-comitant vaccination group showed higher serological conversion rate of H3 type (88. 75％ vs 84. 20％ , P=0. 01), but lower serological conversion rate of B type (92. 84％ vs 98. 56％ , P<0. 001). There was no significant difference in the primary adverse reactions between the three groups (P = 0. 197). The rate of secondary adverse reactions occurred in the concomitant vaccination group was 3. 61％ , which was higher than that of the other two groups (both P<0. 001). All adverse reactions were mild or moderate, and cured after treatment. Conclusions Concomitant immunization with PPV23 and TIV is safe and have good immu-nogenicity, thus a viable immune strategy for susceptible children.
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Objective@#To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in preschoolers.@*Methods@#A total of 1 035 children aged 3-7 years were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into three groups, inoculated PPV23, TIV and both, respectively. A one-year follow-up study was conducted for immunogenicity and safety analysis.@*Results@#A total of 1 035 serological specimens were collected, including 327 in PPV23 group, 348 in TIV group and 360 in concomitant vaccination group. No significant differences in geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of seven pneumococcal serotypes were observed between the PPV23 group and the concomitant vaccination group. Compared with the TIV group, the concomitant vaccination group showed higher serological conversion rate of H3 type (88.75% vs 84.20%, P=0.01), but lower serological conversion rate of B type (92.84% vs 98.56%, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the primary adverse reactions between the three groups (P=0.197). The rate of secondary adverse reactions occurred in the concomitant vaccination group was 3.61%, which was higher than that of the other two groups (both P<0.001). All adverse reactions were mild or moderate, and cured after treatment.@*Conclusions@#Concomitant immunization with PPV23 and TIV is safe and have good immunogenicity, thus a viable immune strategy for susceptible children.
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Objective@#To evaluate the safety of enterovirus 71（EV71）inactivated vaccines produced by Wuhan Institute of Bio Products through learning the incidence of adverse events following immunization（AEFI）in children aged 6 months to 3 years old after vaccination.@*Methods@#According to the national requirement for vaccine safety monitoring program，data of AEFI cases after inoculated EV71 vaccines from September 2017 to October 2018 in Zhejiang Province was collected by combining active and passive monitoring. Demographic characteristics，space distribution，dose and incidence of AEFI were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 107 503 children were included in this study，of which 27 173 were actively monitored and 80 330 were passively monitored. The monitoring results showed that 288 cases of AEFI occurred after inoculated EV71 vaccines，the reported incidence rate was 267.90/100 000. Of 288 cases，266 cases had common reactions（247.43/100 000），14 cases had abnormal reactions（13.02/100 000）and 8 cases had complications（7.44/100 000）；145 cases were passively monitored（180.51/100 000）and 143 cases were actively monitored（526.26/100 000）；150 cases were males and 138 cases were females，with the males to females ratio of 1.09∶1. The AEFI of EV71 vaccines were reported in all the cities of Zhejiang Province，with Jinhua，Taizhou and Hangzhou ranking the top three and accounting for 50.69% of all the reported cases. About 202 cases of AEFI（70.14%）occurred after the first dose of EV71 vaccines，and 163 cases（56.60%）occurred on the day of inoculation.Most of common reactions were fever，swelling and sclerosis. The harm of the reported abnormal reactions was mild，with 8 cases of anaphylactic rash and no other serious abnormal reactions were found. @*Conclusion@#The reported incidence rate of AEFI of the domestic EV71 vaccine in children aged from 6 months to 3 years is 267.90/100 000，without serious abnormal reactions，suggesting that the EV71 vaccine is safe.
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Background Researches showed that ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) promotes intracorneal secretion of multiple angiogenesis-related factors,such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitricoxide synthase (NOS) etc., and therefore results in corneal neovascularization.However, whether ARF affects the tube formation of human retinal endothelial cells(HRECs) is unelucidated.Understanding the effect of ARF tube formation of HRECs is important for the target treatment of retinal vascular diseases.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of ARF inhibitor on tube formation of HRECs in vitro.Methods HRECs (HREC line) were cultured and passaged.The growth-well cells were harvested and divided into two groups.The cells were regularly cultured in the control group,and ARF antagonist (lml) was added in the culture medium in the ARF antagonist group.The expression levels of ARFmRNA and protein in the cells were examined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blot.The morphology and number of HREC tube formation were detected by using three-dimensional Matrigel assay.The relative expression levels of VEGF, NOS, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) at gene level and protein level were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot in vitro.Results The relative expression levels of ARFmRNA in the cells were 0.65 ±0.14 and 0.32±0.10, and those of ARF protein were 0.85±0.15 and 0.24±0.17 in the control group and ARF antagonist group,showing significant differnces between the two groups (t =7.32, P =0.00;t =5.15, P =0.00).The number of HREC tube formation was (34.66±8.57)/field in the ARF antagonist group, which was significantly lower than (51.46±7.12)/field in the control group (t=2.99 ,P=0.04).The relative expression levels of VEGF mRNA, NOSmRNA and their proteins in the cells were significantly lower than those of the control group (t =3.02, P =0.04;t =3.68, P =0.02;t =3.33,P=0.03;t=2.89 ,P=0.04).The relative expression levels of FAKmRNA and HSP90mRNA in the ARF antagonist group were 0.65±0.18 and 0.28±0.05 ,which were significantly lower than 0.76±0.25 and 0.46±0.09 in the control group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions ARF antagonist appears to have an inhibitory effect on the tube formation ability of HRECs propably by down-regulating the expressions of VEGF, NOS and the downstream signal transduction factors FAK and HSP90 in HRECs in vitro.
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Background The pathogenesis and mechanism research of corneal neovascularization is of important significance for the prevention and management of corneal neovascularization.Some relative researches are being performed on non-corneal neovascularization-derived vascular endothelial cells, so the results are affected to a certain extent.Objective This study was to isolate and culture vascular endothelial cells from experimental corneal neovascularization tissue and detect the expression of chemokine receptors in vitro.Methods Corneal neovascularization models were established on 10 SPF male BALB/c mice with the age of 7-8 weeks by sticking the filter papers with NaOH on the central corneas, and then the immunofluorescence technique was use to assay the CD31 expression in corneal flatmount 2 weeks after modeling.Corneal pieces were made in 2 weeks after alkali burn and then were digested by collagenase type D.Vascular endothelial cells were isolated from neovascularized tissue by affinity purification using magnetic beads coated with anti-CD31.The cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated walls and then identified by immunocytochemistry.Reverse transcription-PCR was employed to detect the expressions of chemokine receptors in the cells.The use and care of the animals complied with ARVO Statement and this experimental procedure was approved by Soochow University Animal Care Committee.Results Corneal neovascularization occurred at 7 days and peaked at 2 weeks after modeling, and immunofluorescence exhibited the green network-like fluorescence for CD31 antibody in corneas.The cells grew against the wall 2 hours after culture with the polygon shape and large dimension, and the growth obviously quickened after passage.The cultured cells showed the positive response for CD31 antibody, showing the brown dye in cytoplasm,in contrast,the expression of CD31 was absent in corneal stromal cells.Chemokine receptors were positively expressed in the cells with the strongest expression levels in CCR1 ,CCR2,CCR3 and CCR4 mRNA and the weakest expression levels in CCR9,CXCR4 and CXCR5 mRNA,while CXCR3, CCR6, CCR10 and CX3CR1 mRNA were expressed with the moderate intensity.Conclusions Vascular endothelial cells can be obtained from experimental neovascularized corneas by affinity purification and express chemokine receptors,which facilitate the study of their biological properties.
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Background Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the causes of corneal blindness.Studies showed that ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) can regulate the growth of tumor cells,and inhibiting ARF will decrease angiogenesis.However,whether ARF antagonist plays an action on CNV is unclear.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of ARF inhibitor on alkali-burn induced CNV.Methods Sixty clean male BABL/c mice aged 7-8 weeks were divided into PBS group and ARF antagonist group according to randomized number table.CNV models were induced by NaOH burn method in all the mice.ARF at the concentration of 0.5 g/L(0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected 3 times per week for 1 week followed the induction of CNV in the ARF antagonist group,and 0.5 ml PBS was used in the PBS group.CNV was examined 2,4,7,14 days after injection by the slit lamp microscope and the CNV related area in the cornea was calculated.Betore modeling(0 day) and 4,7,14 days after modeling,real-time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expressions of ARF mRNA and protein in the corneas.Forteen days after modeling,the expression of the CD31 in the CNV was detected using immnofluorescence of corneal whole mount;the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the cornea was assayed by Western blot.Cellular wound scratch test was employed to evaluate the effects of ARF antagonist on proliferation and migration of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (RECs).All animal experiments were done in accordance with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research and Guideline for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals on the the Soochow University Animal Care Committee.Results ARF mRNA and protein were expressed in the mice corneas in both the PBS group and the ARF antagonist group at various time points.The expression of ARF mRNA in mice corneas was enhanced with the lapse of the time (Ftime =65.17,P =0.00),but no significant difference was found among the groups (Fsroup =1.98,P=0.18).There was also significant difference in the expression of ARF protein in mice corneas at different time points in the ARF antagonist group (F =10.77,P =0.00).The related CNV area was 0.45±0.05 in the ARF antagonist group,and that in the PBS group was 0.72±0.11,with significant difference between them (t =-3.87,P ＜ 0.05).The green fluorescence area of C D31 expression in the cornea was smaller in the ARF antagonist group than that of the PBS group.Expression level of VEGF in the ARF antagonist group was 1.20±0.21,and that in the PBS group was 2.47±0.33,showing a significant difference (t =-5.62,P ＜ 0.05).As the increase of ARF antagonist concentration,the inhibiting rate of cell proliferation was reinforced among 10,100 and 1 000 μg/L ARF antagonist groups (F=8.47,P =0.02).Twenty-four hours after scratch test,the migrating distance of human RECs was (5.46±1.32) μm and (5.04±1.68) μm in the 100 μg/L and 1 000 μg/L ARF antagonist groups,respectively,which were shorter than (8.49± 1.18) μm of the PBS group (t=-2.94,-2.91,both at P＜0.05).Conclusions ARF inhibitor can reduce CNV by down-regulating the expression of VEGF in alkaline burn cornea and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells.
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Objective To explore the induced effects of colchicine in different concentration and times on Foeniculum vulgare polyploidy.Methods Seed germination rate and mutation rate,morphology of radicle induced mutants,chromosome number,tissue structure,and content and component of essential oil,which induced by colchicine in different concentiation and times were investigaled using the method of soaking seeds.Results The results showed that 0.13% of colchicine concentration and 24 h inducing time had the best induction on F.vulgare polyploidy.Compared to the control,the radicle of mutant was thicker,the chromosome number increased clearly,and the cell number in radicle manifolded distinctly.Among the four main components of essential oil,the contents of Dill apiol in anamorphosis radicle was a little lower than that of the control,but the contents of limonene,(E)-anethole,and camphene in anamorphosis radicle were all remarkably higher than that of the control after induced by colchicine.ConclusionThe content of main essential oil components in fennel mutant induced by colchicine is remarkably enhanced.The study provides the theoretical basis for the breeding of F.vulgare new varieties of high oil content.