Preventive effect of Shenkang injection against high glucose-induced senescence of renal tubular cells / 医学前沿

Shenkang injection (SKI) is a classic prescription composed of Radix Astragali, rhubarb, Astragalus, Safflower, and Salvia. This treatment was approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China in 1999 for treatment of chronic kidney diseases based on good efficacy and safety. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of SKI against high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular cell senescence and its underlying mechanism. Primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells were cultured in (1) control medium (control group), medium containing 5 mmol/L glucose; (2) mannitol medium (mannitol group), medium containing 5 mmol/L glucose, and 25 mmol/L mannitol; (3) HG medium (HG group) containing 30 mmol/L glucose; (4) SKI treatment at high (200 mg/L), medium (100 mg/L), or low (50 mg/L) concentration in HG medium (HG + SKI group); or (5) 200 mg/L SKI treatment in control medium (control + SKI group) for 72 h. HG-induced senescent cells showed the emergence of senescence associated heterochromatin foci, up-regulation of P16 and cyclin D1, increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, and elevated expression of membrane decoy receptor 2. SKI treatment potently prevented these changes in a dose-independent manner. SKI treatment prevented HG-induced up-regulation of pro-senescence molecule mammalian target of rapamycin and p66Shc and down-regulation of anti-senescence molecules klotho, sirt1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g in renal tubular epithelial cells. SKI may be a novel strategy for protecting against HG-induced renal tubular cell senescence in treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury and the impact on outcome in non-senile patients undergoing cardiac valvular surgery / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the risk factors of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients aged between 40 and 50 years old undergoing cardiac valvular surgery and the impact on outcome.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 286 patients aged between 40 and 50 years old undergoing cardiac valve surgery in Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative coronary angiography was performed in all patients. All patients enrolled were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to the existence or not of postoperative AKI. Patients with AKI were further divided into AKI stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 groups according to KDIGO guideline. Demographic characteristics, preoperative clinical data including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, uric acid, urinary protein, presence or absence of chronic kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary artery pressure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, preoperative co-morbidity (hypertension, diabetes, anemia, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease), preoperative medication(vasoactive drugs, diuretic, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI), surgical data (contrast dosage in coronary angiography, type of cardiac valve surgery) were recorded and analyzed in this retrospective study. The risk factors for postoperative AKI and its impact on clinical outcomes (mortality, hospitalization expenses and Intensive Care Unit stay duration) were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for postoperative AKI and the adjusted variables with P<0.2 were selected for the multivariate logistic regression analysis to define the independent determinants for AKI.@*Results@#AKI was defined in 106 out of 286 enrolled patients, including 96 patients with AKI stage 1, 10 patients with AKI stage 2 and no patients with AKI stage 3. The proportion of coexisting cerebrovascular diseases was higher in AKI group than in non-AKI group (9(8.49%) and 5(2.78%), χ2=4.677, P=0.031), while there was no difference among other baseline data between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative complications of cerebral vascular disease was an independent risk factor of postoperative AKI (OR=3.578, 95%CI 1.139-11.242, P=0.029). Five out of 106 AKI patients died during hospitalization while there was only 1 patient died among 180 patients without AKI. Patients with AKI after cardiac valve operation experienced higher mortality than patients without AKI (χ2=5.625, P=0.028). Further analysis showed that there was no difference in hospitalization mortality between patients with AKI stage 2 and stage (χ2=0.686, P=0.408) while the hospitalization mortality in patients with AKI stage 2 was higher than those without AKI (χ2=8.113, P=0.004). The hospitalization expenses in patients with AKI were 10.38(8.59,12.54) ×104 RMB, significantly higher than that in patients without AKI (9.72(8.03,11.93) ×104 RMB)(P=0.043). There was no difference in hospitalization expenses between patients with AKI stage 1 and without AKI (P=0.635). The hospitalization expenses in patients with AKI stage 2 was higher than those without AKI (P=0.023). Intensive Care Unit stay duration in patients with AKI was 3(1,4) days, significantly higher than those without AKI (P=0.044). There was no difference in Intensive Care Unit stay duration in patients with AKI stage 1 and without AKI (P=0.978), while Intensive Care Unit stay duration in patients with AKI stage 2 was significantly longer than those without AKI (P=0.006).@*Conclusions@#Preoperative complications of cerebral vascular disease is an independent risk factor of postoperative AKI. Non-senile patients with AKI after cardiac valvular surgery is associated with a higher proportion of mortality, hospitalization expenses and Intensive Care Unit stay duration as compared patients without postoperative AKI.

Peritoneal dialysis improves lung function in rats with lung injury induced by shock wave / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective@#To prove the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis on shock wave-induced acute lung injury of rats, and analyze its mechanisms.@*Methods@#Forty-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, sham operation (Sham) group and peritoneal dialysis (PD) group. Sham group and PD group did abdominal catheterization before blast injury. The 55 kg shock wave (bst-I) was used to induce lung blast injury. After one hour of blast injury, PD group was given 2.5% peritoneal dialysate 20 ml to stay abdomen, which was released 30 min posted, repeated 12 cycles. After 6 hours of peritoneal dialysis, all of the rats were sacrificed. Partial damaged tissues in lung were used to evaluate the pathomorphologic changes by HE staining, and the remnants were used to measure the lung water content. Lung function was detected by blood gas analyzer and small animal detector from the arterial blood gas. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were tested by ELISA.@*Results@#The relative integrity of alveolar structure, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in PD group were significantly improved than those in control group. The lung water content of PD group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in serum of PD group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P<0.05). The blood oxygen saturation, oxygen partial pressure, oxygenation index, vital capacity, functional residual volume and maximum mid-expiratory flow rate in PD group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Through reducing pulmonary edema and inflammatory factors, peritoneal dialysis can improve lung function in shock wave -induced acute lung injury of rats.

Peritoneal dialysis improves lung function in rats with lung injury induced by shock wave / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To prove the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis on shock wave-induced acute lung injury of rats, and analyze its mechanisms. Methods Forty-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, sham operation (Sham) group and peritoneal dialysis (PD) group. Sham group and PD group did abdominal catheterization before blast injury. The 55 kg shock wave (bst-I) was used to induce lung blast injury. After one hour of blast injury, PD group was given 2.5％ peritoneal dialysate 20 ml to stay abdomen, which was released 30 min posted, repeated 12 cycles. After 6 hours of peritoneal dialysis, all of the rats were sacrificed. Partial damaged tissues in lung were used to evaluate the pathomorphologic changes by HE staining, and the remnants were used to measure the lung water content. Lung function was detected by blood gas analyzer and small animal detector from the arterial blood gas. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF - α), interleukin (IL) - 1β, IL - 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were tested by ELISA. Results The relative integrity of alveolar structure, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in PD group were significantly improved than those in control group. The lung water content of PD group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in serum of PD group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P<0.05). The blood oxygen saturation, oxygen partial pressure, oxygenation index, vital capacity, functional residual volume and maximum mid-expiratory flow rate in PD group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Through reducing pulmonary edema and inflammatory factors, peritoneal dialysis can improve lung function in shock wave-induced acute lung injury of rats.

Treatment of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F combined with RAS blockers in CKD stages 2 ~ 3 of IgA nephropathy / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) combined with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2~3 of IgA nephropathy. Methods 109 patients were randomized into the observation group and the control group. On the basis of taking RAS blockers, patients in the observation group received TwHF, and patients in the control group received methylprednisolone. The proteinuria, renal function and adverse effect were observed during treatment. Results At 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment, proteinuria in the two groups was lower than the baseline(P 0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference in terms of proteinuria, eGFR and effective rate in the two groups. The occurrence rate of adverse effects was 9.8% vs 27.4% and there was significant difference in the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions TwHF combined with RAS blockers can decrease proteinuria, protect renal function and have less adverse effects, and it is a useful therapeutic options for CKD stages 2 ~ 3 of IgAN.

Tacrolimus in the treatment of HBV associated membranous nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To conduct a prospective,randomly controlled trial,evaluating the combination of tacrolimus,corticosteroids and entecavir for the treatment of adult patients with biopsyproven hepatitis B virus-associated membrane nephropathy (HBV-MN).Methods A total of 38 patients with biopsy-confirmed HBV-MN were randomized to the tacrolimus group (n=19) and the control group (n=19).Patients in tacrolimus group received combination therapy of tacrolimus (0.05 mg·kg-1 · d-1),corticosteroids (prednisone acetate,0.5 mg· kg-1 · d-1) and entecavir (0.5 mg/d),whereas patients in control group received entecavir mono-therapy (0.5 mg/d).The primary end point was the percentage of patients reaching complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR).Results The probability of remission in the treatment group was 88.89％ and 94.44％ after 6 and 12 months,but only 38.89％ and 58.82％ in the control group,respectively.The decrease in proteinuria was significantly greater in the treatment group.Entecavir was used for the treatment of hepatitis in all patients,which caused the disappearance of serum hepatitis B viral DNA(HBV-DNA) and the normalization of ALT and AST levels in 3 months.Notably,two patients in the control group and one patient in the treatment group reached the secondary end point.One patient in the tacrolimus-treated group showed a relapse during the taper period.Conclusion This treatment protocol not only can control the replication of HBV-DNA but also can reduce proteinuria and preserve renal function,it is one of useful therapeutic options for patients with HBV-MN.

Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on albumin-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of endoplasmic reticalam stress (ERS) on albumin-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular cells (HKCs). MethodsWestern blot was performed to detect the relationship of the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRF78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) with the action time and concentration of haman serum albumin (HSA). Expression levels of CHPO mRNA and protein in HKCs after CHOP siRNA transfection were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot respectively. Annexin-V-FITC and PI doable staining cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of HKCs induced by HSA and influenced by CHOP siRNA. Results(1)After HKCs were stimulatde by 0, 5, 10, 20 g/L albumin for 24 hours respectively, the expression of GRP78, CHOP and HKCs apoptosis were increased with the albumin concentration (P<0.01). After HKCs were stimulated by 20 g/L albumin for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 hours respectively, the expression of GRP78 was up-regulated at 6-hour, while CHOP and HKCs apoptosis were increased at 12-hour, and significant differences were found among groups (P<0.01). (2) CHOP siRNA significantly inhibited albumin-induced HKC CHOP mRNA and protein expression, as well as HKC apoptosis (P<0.01). ConclusionsRenal tubular cells exposed to high protein load result in EBS. ERS may subsequently lead to tubular damage by activation of pro-apoptosis factor CHOP.

Delivering programmed death-1 inhibitory signal suppresses lupus-like syndrome in autoimmune BXSB mice / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To explore the role of delivering programmed death (PD)-1 negative costimulation pathways in the prevention of murine BXSB lupus. Methods A recombinant adenovims containing the full-length mouse PD-L1 gene (AdPD-L1) was constructed and was introduced to the BXSB mice. The effect of immunoinhibitory receptor PD-1 on activated lymphocytes was investigated to evaluate its effect on prevention of lupus nephritis in BXSB mice. Results This intervention dramatically delayed the onset of proteinuria, effectively inhibited IgG autoantibody production, and significantly reduced hypercellularity and deposition of IgG in glomeruli, resulting in almost complete amelioration of lupus nephritis in these animals.Conclusion Our results suggest that simultaneous stimulation of PD-1-mediated pathway can potentially revent human lupus nephritis.

Influence of albumin-activated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells on peritubular capillaries and its potential mechanism / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To explore the influence of albumin-activated renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs)on peritubular capillaries in co-culture system and its potential mechanism. Methods Endocytosis of TRITC labeled bovine scrum albumin (TRITC-BSA) by HKC was detected by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. HKC or HKC transfected with cubilin (endocytic receptor of albumin) siRNA or pre-treated with rotenone was incubated with albumin(20 g/L) for 24 h respectively. Fluorescence probe technique and spectrometry were applied for determination of intracellular superoxide anion O2-and H2O2 in supematant. Then, the albumin-aetivated-HKC, pretreated-HKC with cubilin siRNA or rotenone, was cultured with HUVEC for 24 h in co-culture system respectively. HUVEC proliferation was determined by MTT and cellular apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Tabular morphogenesis of endothelial cells was examinedby microscopy. Results TRITC-BSA uptake was obviously lower in HKC transfected with cubilin siRNA. Intracellular generation of O2-and H2O2 in culture supernatant was increased in dose-and time-dependent manner after stimulating with albumin. The levels of O2-and H2O2 were suppressed by cubilin siRNA and rotenone. In co-culture system, albumin-activated-HKC induced endothelial cells apoptosis and inhibited their capillary tubular morphogenesis. Pretreatment of HKC with cubilin siRNA or rotenone could suppress endothelial cells apoptosis and promote capillary tubular morphogenesis. Conclusions There may be a crosstalk between RTECs and peritubular microvascular endothelial cells in renal proteinurie diseases. The generation of ROS by albumin-activated RTECs may play an important role in this process.

Efficacy of hirudin in treating immunoglobulin A nephropathy with hematuria: a randomized controlled trial / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effects and side effects of hirudin in treating immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) with hematuria and minimal proteinuria in a short-term. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-two histologically confirmed cases of IgAN with hematuria and minimal proteinuria from 1998 to 2007 were randomly divided into hirudin-treated group (peroral administration of Maixuekang capsules) and dipyridamole-treated group (peroral administration of dipyridamole). In the two groups, contrast analysis of conformation and counts of erythrocytes in urine, urine protein quantitation in 24 hours, levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), blood lipid, five items of blood clotting and side effects was performed. RESULTS: After six-month treatment, the anisotrophy rate and the counts of erythrocytes in urine, and the urine protein quantitation in 24 hours in hirudin-treated group were decreased distinctly as compared with pre-treatment (P<0.01) and dipyridamole-treated group (P<0.05). On the other hand, Ccr was increased obviously in hirudin-treated group as compared with pre-treatment and dipyridamole-treated group (P<0.01). The blood lipid was also ameliorated in hirudin-treated group, but there was no significant difference. The anticoagulation effect of hirudin was better than dipyridamole (P<0.01). Efficacy assessment showed that the total response rate, complete remission rate and predominance remission rate in hirudin-treated group were higher than those in dipyridamole-treated group. Few side effects were found in both groups, and the rate of adverse reaction in gastrointestinal tract was lower in hirudin-treated group as compared with that in dipyridamole-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with dipyridamole, hirudin has superiority in kidney protection and decreasing the anisotrophy rate, counts of erythrocytes in urine and the urine protein.

Nuclear factor- κB activation is involved in MCP- 1 expression in human mesangial cells induced by Ox- LDL / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) in the expression of monocyte chemoatractant protein- 1 (MCP- 1) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) induced by oxidized low- density lipoprotein (Ox- LDL).METHODS: HMCs were used as target cells. Inhibitory κBα (IκBα) and MCP- 1 protein level was measured by cell ELISA.Activities of transcriptional factors NF- κB were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the translocation of Rel p65. RESULTS: NF - κB DNA - binding activation in MCs was observed when 10-100 mg/L Ox - LDL was added to the medium, and 50 mg/L Ox - LDL caused the strongest effect (8.50 ± 1.14, P ＜ 0.01vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 10, 25 and 100 mg/L Ox - LDL). The most optimal stimulation time was 60 min ( 11.0 ± 2.11, P ＜0.01 vs control; P ＜ 0.05 vs 30 min or 240 min). IκBα protein level in MC dropped down most obviously after 60 min incubation with 50 mg/L Ox - LDL (0.050 ± 0.006, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control), while MCP- 1 expression level was the highest (0.331± 0.016, n = 5, P ＜ 0.01 vs control). The translocation of Rel p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus was detected too. NF - κB inhibitor pyrroledithiocarbomate (PDTC) could inhibit these effects induced by Ox- DL. CONCLUSION: Activation of NF- κB regulate the expression of MCP- 1 in HMCs induced by Ox - LDL.

Nuclear factor-?B activation is involved in MCP-1 expression in human mesangial cells induced by Ox-LDL / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) in the expression of monocyte chemoatractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human mesangial cells (HMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: HMCs were used as target cells. Inhibitory ?B? (I?B?) and MCP-1 protein level was measured by cell ELISA. Activities of transcriptional factors NF-?B were determined by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the translocation of Rel p65. RESULTS: NF-?B DNA-binding activation in MCs was observed when 10-100 mg/L Ox-LDL was added to the medium, and 50 mg/L Ox-LDL caused the strongest effect (8.50?1.14, P

Effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection in rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) on sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection in rats. METHODS: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was made on 20 rats with sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection. BPI or equal volume of physiological saline (PS) was intra-abdominally given immediately and 12 h after CLP, respectively (2.5 mg/kg of BPI each time). Plasma endotoxin levels were determined with limulus amebocyte chromogenic assay. RESULTS: (1) The survival time in BPI group was significantly higher than that in PS group. (2) The values of the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the isovolumic ventricular pressure (IP), and the maximal change of left intraventricular pressure (+/-dp/dtmax) in BPI group, although decreasing, were markedly higher than those in PS group. (3) Plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and urea nitrogen levels in BPI group, though increasing, were obviously lower than those in PS group. (4) There was no significant change of plasma endotoxin levels in BPI group, while plasma endotoxin levels markedly increased in PS group. CONCLUSIONS: BPI has obvious protective effect on sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection, which might be related to its neutralization of endotoxin.

Protective effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in mice with E. coli sepsis / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein(BPI) on the outcome of sepsis in mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Sepsis was induced by injection of 2x10(6) colony-formed unit E. coli J5 via the tail vein. BPI of 5 mg/kg or equal volume of normal saline(NS) were injected intravenously at the same time. Endotoxin and TNFalpha levels in serum were assayed using a chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate test and ELISA respectively. RESULTS: Seventy-two hour survival rate of septic mice was significantly higher in the BPI group (15/18) than in the NS group(8/18, P<0.01). Serum endotoxin levels in the BPI group (1.3+/-0.3 and 0.7+/-0.4 &mgr;g/L) were significantly lower than those in the NS group (3.9+/-0.8 and 2.5+/-0.9 &mgr; g/L, P<0.01) 0.5 and 1 hour following injection of bacteria respectively. The peak levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNFalpha)in the BPI group (1.9+/-0.6 &mgr;g/L) were also markedly lower than those in the NS group (3.8+/-0.8 &mgr;g/L, P<0.01) 1.5 hours following bacterial injection. But there was no significant difference in blood bacterial count between the BPI and NS groups 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 hours after injection of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: BPI has a marked protective effect on E. coli sepsis, which might be related to its action against bacterial endotoxin and its inhibition of TNFalpha production in sepsis.

Kinetics of LBP/CD14 system and its significance in patients vnth bemodialysis / 中华肾脏病杂志

To explore the kinetics of LBP/CD14 system in patients with hemodialysis, and further to analyse its role in (he development of systemic inflammation response based on the changes of plasma endotaxin, TNF and IL-6 levels in patients with uremia treated with hemodilysis. Methods Sixteen patients with end-stage renal failure (8 cases with hemodialysis, 8 cses without hemodialysis) were selected for this study. limulus amebocyte lysate chromogenic assay, ELISA and cell in situ hybridization were used to determine the changes in endotoxin, LBP, TNF and IL-6 levels in plasma, and expression of CD14 mRNA in the monocytes. Results (l)Plasma LBP levels in patients with hemodialysis were significantly higher than those in patients without hemodialysis. The expression of CD14 mRNA in the monocytes in patients with hemodialysis was also more obvious. Both of them incresed much more in hemodialysis. (2)Plasma endotoxin levels in patients with hemodialysis, though being significantly higher than in patients without hemodialysis, were in low-level (61.7 ? 10.6 pg/ml). (3) Plasma TNF and IL-6 levels were markedly increased in patients with hemodialysis, which were significantly correlated with plasma LBP levels. Conclusion LBP/CD14 system in patients with hemodialysis is markedly up-regulated, which might be the important mechanism for low-level endotoxemia to exert its effects in hemodialysis.

Protective effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) on sepsis induced by intra-abdominal infection in rats and its mechanism.METHODS:Intra-abdominal infection induced sepsis was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). BPI or equal volume of physiological saline was intra-abdominally given immediately after CLP and 12 hours after CLP respectively (2.5 mg/kg of BPI each time). Plasma endotoxin levels were determined with limulus amebocyte chromogenic assay.RESULTS:(1)The survival time in BPI group was significantly higher than in physiological saline (PS) group. (2)The values of MAP, LVSP, IP, d p /d t max and -d p /d t max in BPI group, although decreasing ,were markedly higher than those in PS group. (3) Plasma glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and urea nitrogen levels in BPI group, though increasing, were significantly lower than those in PS group.(4) There was no significant change of plasma endotoxin levels in BPI group, while plasma endotoxin levels were markedly increased in PS group. There was significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS:BPI has an obvious protective effect on intra-abdominal infection induced sepsis, which might be related to its antagonism against endotoxin.