RESUMEN
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an extremely complicated pathophysiological process, which may occur during the process of myocardial infarction, stroke, organ transplantation and temporary interruption of blood flow during surgery, etc. As key molecules of immune system, macrophages play a vital role in the pathogenesis of IRI. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory cells and participate in the elimination of pathogens. M2 macrophages exert anti-inflammatory effect and participate in tissue repair and remodeling and extracellular matrix remodeling. The balance between macrophage phenotypes is of significance for the outcome and treatment of IRI. This article reviewed the role of macrophages in IRI, including the balance between M1/M2 macrophage phenotype, the mechanism of infiltration and recruitment into different ischemic tissues. In addition, the potential therapeutic strategies of targeting macrophages during IRI were also discussed, aiming to provide reference for alleviating IRI and promoting tissue repair.
RESUMEN
Objective To establish a mouse model of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplantation and to analyze its characteristics. Methods Mouse models of heart transplantation and skin transplantation were established. According to different treatment methods, all animals were divided into the homologous control group, non-sensitized group, pre-sensitized group and pre-sensitized+ ciclosporin group (9 donors and 9 recipients in each group). The graft survival time, donor-specific antibody (DSA) level and pathological manifestations of each group were observed, and the characteristics of rejection were analyzed. Results In the homologous control group, the cardiac grafts of the mice survived for a long period of time during the 3-month observation period. The survival time of the cardiac grafts in the non-sensitized group, pre-sensitized group and pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group was (7.0±0.7) d, (2.6±0.5) d and (5.0±0.7) d, respectively. The differences among the groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The DSA level in the pre-sensitized group was significantly elevated than the baseline level at 3 d after heart transplantation, and that in the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group was remarkably up-regulated at 5 d after heart transplantation, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The pathological manifestation of the non-sensitized group was the myocardial cell destruction, the formation of interstitial inflammation, mild C4d deposition and a large amount of CD3 cell infiltration. The pathological manifestations of the pre-sensitized group and the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group showed myocardial cell destruction, capillary inflammation and a large amount of C4d deposition, whereas the amount of CD3 cell infiltration in the pre-sensitized group was more than that in the pre-sensitized+ciclosporin group. Conclusions The use of ciclosporin on the basis of heart transplantation and skin transplantation between different strains of mice can successfully establish a practical acute AMR model in mouse heart transplantation, which provides the basis for subsequent AMR pathogenesis and intervention research.
RESUMEN
Objective To compare the effects of expectoration by high frequency back tapping with both hands and traditional expectoration by tapping back with a single hand on pulmonary complications in esophageal cancer patients having undergone radical resection with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods Sixty patients after radical resection for esophageal cancer with VATS from May 2013 to January 2014 were set as the control group, in which expectoration by tapping the back with a single hand. Another 60 patients after radical resection for esophageal cancer with VATS from February 2014 to July 2014 were set as the observation group, in which the expectoration by high frequency tapping the back with both hands. The two groups were compared in terms of pulmonary complications. Result The incidence of atelectasis and pulmonary infection in the observation group were lower than those with a single hand in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion For the patients having undergone radical resection of esophageal carcinoma with VATS, the expectoration with high frequency back tapping with both hands is more effective in lowering atelectasis rate than that with a single hand.