Analysis about epidemic situation of dysentery near upon fourteen years in Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To realize the epidemiological and drug-resistance characteristics of dysentery during 1990 to 2003 in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The group's characteristics of dysentery were described and analysed by using descriptive study method. Drug sensitivity tests were performed with Kirby-Bauer method recommended by WHO, and data were analyzed with SPSS statistic software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Average incidence rate was 222.24 /100 000 and incidence rate was high in children and in urban areas. The period of high incidence was found in July 16 to August 3. The equation of index-curve forecast model was gained as Y = e (5.816-0.5845x. It showed some value in predicting the tendency of dysentery. Shigella was sensitive to quinolones and cephalosporins, and there was no significant differences between the middle and high grade in these two kinds of antibiotics.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It should be taken as a measurement for the period of high incidence of dysentery.</p>

Observation on effects of hepatitis B vaccine immunization for 12 years in children in Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the long-term protective effects of hepatitis B vaccine after immunizing to the children for 12 years in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The multiple stratified cluster sampling was used in this epidemiological survey. The sampling children's blood serum HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were checked and measured by the solid phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA). The serological level of these index and the causes of the children with HBsAg positive were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2,419 cases 3-12 years-old children immunized with the hepatitis B vaccine in infant period were surveyed and the total HBsAg positive rate was 0.52%. The vaccine protective rate was 88.45% (95% CI: 65.67%-97.89%). The total anti-HBc positive rate was 2.21%, being no statistical significance among the age groups. The average anti-HBs positive rate of 3-6 years-old children immunized with gene recombining vaccine was 38.79% and descending greatly following the age's dropping. The geometric means of anti-HBs serological titer (GMT) was 52.83 mIU/ml, showing no statistical significance among the age groups. The average anti-HBs positive rate of 6-12 years-old children immunized with the blood rooting vaccine was 50.79%. The geometric means of anti-HBs serological titer (GMT) was 61.51 mIU/ml. There were no statistical significances among the age groups. Among the HBsAg positive children, more than 50% of the children's mothers were HBsAg positive also.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The protective effects given by immunization were significant after the hepatitis B vaccine vaccination for 12 years in Beijing. The booster immunization was not necessary, because the HBsAg positive rate didn't ascend obviously as the immunization time prolonging. As the anti-HBs positive rate of children who were immunized by the gene recombining vaccine might be descending following the age's dropping greatly, we should strengthen the serological surveillance of hepatitis B. The main cause that the children became the HBsAg carrier should be a vertical transmission.</p>

Study on the changes of demography and behavioral characteristics of drug users in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the demography changes and behaviors in drug users.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Self-reported questionnaires was used and longitudinal investigation was conducted in one of the detoxication centers in Beijing in 1998 and 2000. Drug users were randomly chosen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that age of drug users tend to become younger with the numbers of drug users aged below 25, increased from 18.7% in 1998 to 28.2% in 2000. Majority of drug users remained males, but the proportion of females seemed to increase. Distribution of occupation showed that the largest increase fell among individual enterprisers, from 15.2% in 1998 to 25.9% in 2000. With educational back-ground, the proportion of lower than elementary education level, including illiterate, increased. Fifty percent of drug users were unmarried which increased from 40.8% in 1998 to 53.2% in 2000. Needle sharing was quite common, 16.5% in 1998 and 11.9% in 2000, but the decrease was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fifty-seven point three percent of the injecting drug users did not have constant partners to share equipments. Proportion of extra-marriage sexual practice increased from 12.5% in 1998 to 27.5% in 2000, and significant difference (Chi-square = 12.50, P < 0.001). Multiple partners in extra-married drug users was also found (mean = 2). Compared to 1998, condom use during every sexual practice increased in 2000, but 47.7% drug users still never used condom.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In summary, as the quick increase of drug users, sharing of injecting equipment and high-risk sexual behavior, including multiple partners and unprotected sex, were quite common, with the possibility of HIV epidemic in drug users.</p>