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ObjectiveTo investigate the attenuating effect of Dioscoreae Bulbiferae Rhizoma（DBR） processed with Phaseoli Radiati Semen（PRS） juice， and explore the attenuating mechanism based on ferroptosis of the main toxic target organ. MethodSixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into blank group， DBR group， water roasted DBR group（hereinafter referred to as water group）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 1（DBR-PRS 10∶1， stuffy moistening for 40 min， stir-fried at 130 ℃ for 18 min， hereinafter referred to as group 1）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 2（DBR-PRS 10∶1， stuffy moistening for 80 min， stir-fried at 100 ℃ for 14 min， hereinafter referred to as group 2）， PRS juice-roasted DBR group 3（DBR-PRS=20∶3， stuffy moistening for 40 min， stir-fried at 160 ℃ for 14 min， hereinafter referred to as group 3）. The raw and processed groups of DBR were gavaged with their corresponding 95% ethanol extract at a dose of 3 g·kg-1·d-1， while the blank group was gavaged with an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose， once a day for 14 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of mouse liver. Alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels in serum， as well as malondialdehyde（MDA）， ferrous ions（Fe2+）， reduced glutathione（GSH） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） levels in liver tissue were detected by the biochemical detection. Western blot was used to detect the expression of iron key proteins such as ferritin heavy chain 1（FTH1） and glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4）. ResultHE staining results showed that the liver tissue structure of the blank group was clear， the morphology of hepatocytes was normal， the cytoplasms of hepatocytes in the DBR group and water group were loose and vacuolar， with obvious pathological damages， and the pathologic damages of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly improved. Compared with the blank group， the levels of ALT， AST， MDA and Fe2+ in mice from the DBR group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， while GSH and SOD levels were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of FTH1 and GPX4 were significantly decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the DBR group， the ALT， AST，MDA and Fe2+ levels of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the GSH and SOD levels and the protein expression levels of FTH1 and GPX4 were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the water group， the AST and MDA levels of mice in the group 1-3 were significantly reduced（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the SOD level significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the FTH1 protein expression significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the serum ALT level of mice in the group 2-3 significantly reduce（P<0.01）， Fe2+ level significantly reduced（P<0.01）， GSH level significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and GPX4 protein expression significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Among the group 1-3， the group 3 had the best detoxification effect. ConclutionProcessing with PRS juice can reduce the liver injury induced by DBR， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis in the liver.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of the total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus on improving hypoxia tolerance in mice. Methods Mice normobaric pressure hypoxia model and oxygen glucose deprivation model in PC12 cells were established, and the effects of PTB on survival time, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, brain and heart superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, brain tissue pathological changes and cell survival were observed. Results The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus had prolonged the survival time of mice in confined spaces, increased the activity of SOD and GSH, reduced the production of lipid peroxidation, decreased the degree of anaerobic glycolysis, protected the structure and function of neural cells, and improved the survival rate of OGD-treated cells. Conclusion The total bakkenolides from P.tricholobus could promote the hypoxia tolerance in mice which might be related to scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation reaction and protecting the structures and functions of nerve cells.
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Objective:To explore the effect of metformin during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) complicated with euglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.Methods:One hundred and thirty PCOS pregnant patients complicated with euglycemia and hyperinsulinemia admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected and divided into two groups, the treatment group was treated with metformin during pregnancy, and the control group was treated with lifestyle intervention. Pregnancy outcomes, pregnancy complications, delivery complications, first cesarean section rate, length, gestational age, weight, and blood glucose of the newborn were compared.Results:The incidence of early pregnancy loss (23.8% vs 6.0%, P=0.040), embryo damage(23.8% vs 4.5%, P=0.001), and premature rupture of membrane(21.3% vs 8.1%, P=0.047) in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy complications, first cesarean section rate, length, weight, and blood glucose of the newborn and other adverse pregnancy outcomes ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Metformin therapy during pregnancy in PCOS patients can effectively reduce the incidence of early pregnancy loss, embryo damage , and premature rupture of membrane, improve pregnancy outcomes, and have no effect on the length, weight, and blood glucose of the newborn, with high safety and no obvious adverse events.
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Objective To explore the best way for clinical screening of primary aldosteronism (PA).Methods Three hundred and three suspected cases of PA were collected and divided into groups of primary aldosteronism group, essential hypertension group, and nonsecreting cortical adrenal tumor group.The plasma aldosterone concentration/plasma renin concentration ratio ( ARR) was used to draw the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve and obtain the best cut-off point.Furthermore, the current screening schemes for PA were compared.Results Upright ARR yield had larger areas under the ROC curve than plasma aldosterone concentration or plasma renin concentration under all conditions of testing. The best cut-off point of upright ARR[(pg/ml)/(μIU/ml)] for the diagnosis of PA was 43.45.During the two postural stimulation tests,the two upright ARR exceeded 43.45 with the highest diagnostic sensitivity of PA reaching 0.94.During the two upright tests ARR was less than 43.45, with a sensitivity of 0.74, and a specificity of 0.94.Conclusion To screen for PA in high-risk populations, twice postural stimulation test is recommended.As long as the upright ARR is above 43.45, PA may be considered and further confirmation is needed to prevent misdiagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the role of local aldosterone system in oncofetal fibronectin ( oncofetal FN) mRNA expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human mesangial cells (HMCs) exposed to short-term intermittent high glucose and the effect of Fenofibrate.Methods The HMCs were divided into 8 groups:normal glucose(NG) ;osmotic fluctuation(OF) ;mean glucose load (MGL) ;stable high glucose (SHG),short-term intermittent high glucose (IHG) ; intermittent high glucose plus eplerenone (IHGE) ; intermittent high glucose plus fenofibrate(IHGF) ; and normal glucose plus fenofibrate (NGF) groups.The mRNA expression levels of Aldosterone synthase ( CYP11 B2 ),11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 ( 11βHSD2 ) and oncofetal FN were determined by RT-PCR.The expression of CYP11B2 protein was determined by western-blot.Aldosterone level in cell culture supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay.The expression and translocation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)protein were assayed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. ROS levels were determined by Fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence microplate reader.Results ( 1 ) MGL,SHG,and IHG groups showed a 2.41,3.63,and 4.45 times increase in CYP11B2 mRNA expression,and a 1.83,2.15,and 2.78 times increase in CYP11B2 protein expression,respectively,compared with NG group (P ＜ 0.05 ).The aldosterone levels of HMCs culture supernatant in MGL,SHG,and IHG groups were also increased,being 1.49,2.04,and 2.54 times of that in NG group ( P＜0.05 ),and the degree of elevation in IHG group was more marked than that in SHG group( P＜0.05 ).MR was activated and translocated from cytosol to nucleus in MGL,SHG,and IHG groups.Quantitative analysis showed the ratioes of cytosol/nucleus fluorescence intensity in MGL,SHG,and IHG groups were 15％,38％,and 53％ decreased as compared with that in NG group,and the decrease was more marked in IHG group ( P＜0.05 ).(2) Oncofetal FN mRNA expression and ROS levels in MGL,SHG,and IHG groups were increased,being 1.54,2.31,3.65 and 1.26,1.91,2.48 times of those in NG group,respectively ( P＜0.05 ),and this increase was more marked in group IHG ( P＜O.05 ).Compared with IHG group,oncofetal FN mRNA expression and ROS levels in group IHGE were significantly decreased by 54％ and 53％,and in group IHGF by 45％ and 39％. ( 3 ) CYP11B2 mRNA,protein,and aldosterone levels in IHGF group were decreased by 74％,59％,and 50％,and the activation of MR in group IHGF was inhibited when the ratio of cytosol/nuclear fluorescence intensity was increased 1.88 fold as compared with that in group IHG ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions Increased expressions of oncofetal FN and ROS by HMCs induced by short-term intermittent high glucose were nore marked than those induced by stable high glucose.The mechanism was associated with activation of local aldosterone system.Fenofibrate may inhibit the activation of local aldosterone system and alleviate the injury to HMCs induced by intermittent high glucose.
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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR) induced by antituberculosis drugs so as to provide references for the rational use of drugs in the clinic.METHODS:409 ADR cases induced by 5 main antituberculosis drugs in domestic medical journal from Jan.1997 to Dec.2006 were collected and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Many systems were involved in ADR,such as skin,urinary system,neural system,hematological system,etc.,which were associated with allergic reaction and toxicity of drugs.Acute renal failure(ARF),drug eruption,fever and anaphylactic shock showed high incidences.CONCLUSION:Attention should be paid to ADR induced by antituberculosis drugs to standardize treatment.