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【Objective】 To evaluate the dietary quality with the dietary balance index (DBI_16) and the association between dietary quality and bone mass among middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu Province so as to provide evidence for improving dietary quality and bone health status of Gansu population. 【Methods】 Based on the information of the type and quantity of food intake and the bone mass of middle-aged and elderly people aged 35 years and above collected by the Gansu Project in the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China, DBI_16 was used to evaluate the intake level of cereals, vegetables, fruits, milk, beans, fish and shrimp, eggs and other foods, and the degree of inadequate, excessive and unbalanced dietary intake of the participants. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of three component indexes of DBI_16, high bound score (DBI_HBS), low bound score (DBI_LBS), diet quality distance (DBI_DQD), and seven single indexes of DBI_16 with bone mass. 【Results】 Analyses of the dietary and bone mass data of 11,840 participants showed that 44.8% of participants consumed excessive amounts of cereals compared to the dietary recommendation. 96.3%, 90.6%, 90.1%, 71.9%, 95.1% and 60.3% of participants’ intake of vegetables, fruits, milk, soybeans, fish and shrimp, and eggs, respectively, were inadequate. 47.7% participants consumed less than 10 types of food. 2.3% participants’ DBI_LBS levels were appropriate. 54.7% participants’ DBI_HBS levels were appropriate. Only 1.2% participants’ DBI_DQD reached a balanced level. The bone mass level in the study population was (2.5±0.6) kg [(2.8±0.5) kg for men and (2.3±0.5) kg for women]. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, total dietary energy intake and body mass index, DBI_LBS and DBI_DQD were negatively associated with bone mass [β and 95% CI was -0.002 01 (-0.003 62--0.000 40) and -0.001 76 (-0.003 09--0.000 43), respectively]. 【Conclusion】 Dietary intake imbalance is common among middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu Province, and the more severe the dietary intake imbalance, the lower the bone mass level.
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【Objective】 To estimate the prevalence, associated factors and patterns of multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases among adults in Shaanxi Province so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. 【Methods】 We used the data of adults aged 18 years and older collected in the baseline survey of Shaanxi Project in the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the associated factors for multimorbidity. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract patterns of multimorbidity. 【Results】 The prevalence of multimorbidity was 10.7% among the 44 442 participants. Age increase, being males, urban residence, and being overweight or obesity were positively associated with multimorbidity. Compared with women, men had a higher risk of multimorbidity. The OR and 95% CI was 1.25 (1.12-1.39). The risk of multimorbidity increased with age among adults. Compared with participants aged 18.0-34.9 years, the ORs and 95% CIs of those aged 35.0-44.9, 45.0-54.9, 55.0-64.9, and ≥65.0 years were 4.73 (3.47-6.46), 15.61 (11.60-21.00), 41.39 (30.76-55.70) and 90.04 (66.58-121.77), respectively. The primary multimorbidity patterns among adults in Shaanxi were cardiovascular-metabolic multimorbidity (5.4%), viscero-articular multimorbidity (1.0%), and respiratory multimorbidity (0.3%). 【Conclusion】 More than one in ten adults in Shaanxi Province had multimorbidity, and the predominant pattern of multimorbidity was cardiovascular-metabolic multimorbidity. The prevention and control of non-communicable diseases should be reinforced in middle-aged and older people, males, people living in the urban, and overweight or obese people. More attention should be paid to the prevention and control of cardiovascular-metabolic diseases.
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【Objective】 To compare the ability of body mass index （BMI）， body fat percentage （BFP）， waist circumference （WC）， waist-to-height ratio （WHtR）， visceral fat index （VFI） and the combinations of two kinds of obesity indices to predict the risk of hypertension. 【Methods】 Data collected in the baseline survey of “Gansu Province’s Urban and Rural Natural Population Cohort Establishment and Tumor Follow-up Study” were analyzed. Area under the curve （AUC） of ROC curve with covariates was used to analyze and compare the effects of individual obesity evaluation index and the combination of two kinds of obesity indices in predicting the risk of hypertension. 【Results】 Analyses of data of 20，079 adults showed that the AUC of BMI， WC， WHtR， BFP and VFI was 0.636， 0.604， 0.615， 0.614 and 0.619， respectively. AUC of the combination of BMI and WC （0.643） was higher than that of BMI （0.636）； however， the change rate of AUC was only 1.09%. AUC of the combinations of WC， WHtR and VFI， the three central obesity evaluation indices， and BFP， a general obesity evaluation index， were lower than that of BMI. The optimal cutoff value for BMI was 24.2 kg/m2. 【Conclusion】 The effect of BMI in predicting the risk of hypertension is better than that of BFP， WC， WHtR and VFI. The effects of the combinations of the two kinds of obesity evaluation indices are not better than that of BMI. To prevent and control hypertension， adults should keep their BMI under overweight.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of sequential suture and adhesion on craniomaxillofacial skin contusion and laceration.Methods:A total of 189 patients with craniomaxillofacial skin contusion and laceration (CMFSCL) were randomly divided into three groups: 66 cases in SSA group, 63 cases in CS group and 60 cases in TS group. Operation time, visual analogue scale (VAS), Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and adverse reactions incidence were compared and analyzed between the three groups. Effect and satisfactory scale were evaluated.Results:Operation time in SSA group (10.67±1.26) min was significantly less than that in CS (18.91±1.38) min and TS group (17.96±1.43) min ( P<0.05). VAS in SSA group 24 h post-operation (3.11±1.01) was significantly lower than that in CS and TS group ( P<0.05). VSS in SSA group 6 months post-operation (1.18±0.21) was significantly lower than that in CS (3.78±1.01) ( P<0.05) and TS group (5.98±1.06) ( P<0.01). Total effective rate of SSA group (96.5%) was significantly higher than that in CS (85.7%) ( P<0.05) and TS group (56.1%) ( P<0.01); total effective rate in CS group was significantly higher than that in TS group ( P<0.05). Infection and dehiscence rates in SSA group were lower than those in CS and TS group ( P<0.01). Satisfactory rate of SSA group (99%) was significantly higher than that of CS (89.1%) and TS group (71.3%) ( P<0.05); the satisfactory rate of CS group was significantly higher than that of TS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Sequential suture and adhesion technique is simple and effective for craniomaxillofacial skin contusion and laceration, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective:To observe the changes of serum adiponectin and uric acid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) , and to investigate its correlation with diabetic retinopathy (DR) .Methods:Data of 120 hospitalized T2DM patients in our hospital from Jun. 2017 to Jun. 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fundus findings, they were divided into no DR group (40 cases) , hyperplastic DR group (45 cases) and non-proliferative DR group (35 cases) . 30 healthy cases in the same period were selected as the control group. The level of aboratory biochemical indexes, serum adiponectin and uric acid were compared between the 4 groups. Risk factors affecting DR were analyzed by Logistic multivariate regression.Results:There was no significant difference in TC among the four groups ( P>0.05) . There were significant differences in TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c, and FPG among the four groups ( F=1.638, 0.582, 2.715, 5.382, 5.174, P=0.007, 0.016, 0.028, 0.003, 0.001) . TG, HbA1c, and FPG of DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group were significantly higher than those of the control group (no DR group vs the control group: t=2.246, 12.440, 14.539, P=0.028, 0.000, 0.000; Non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=3.127, 14.775, 14.767, P=0.000; Hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=3.349,16.197,12.755, P=0.001,0.000,0.000) , and the level of these indexes were rising with the aggravation of the disease. HDL-C of DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group were significantly lower than that of the control group (non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=2.113, P=0.040; DR group vs the control group: t=2.778, P=0.007) , and decreased with the aggravation of the disease. There were significant differences in the level of serum adiponectin and uric acid among the four groups ( F=4.728, 26.491, P=0.004, 0.001) . The level of serum adiponectin was significantly lower in no DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group than that in the control group (no DR group vs the control group: t=2.227, P=0.031; Non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=5.198, P=0.000; Hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=6.827, P=0.000) , and decreased with the aggravation of the disease. The level of serum uric acid in the DR group, non-proliferative DR group and proliferative DR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (No DR group vs the control group: t=5.681, P=0.000; Non-hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=13.688, P=0.000; Hyperplastic DR group vs the control group: t=23.620, P=0.000) , and increased with the aggravation of the disease. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes, HbA1c, adiponectin and uric acid were independent risk factors affecting DR. Conclusions:The level of serum adiponectin decreases in DR patients, and the level of serum uric acid increases in DR patients, which relates to DR progress. Adiponectin and uric acid are risk factors affecting DR.
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Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) in the staging of chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods From May 2016 to April 2017,seventy-two patients diagnosed as CKD according to the criteria of clinical diagnostic and 20 healthy volunteers (control group) underwent routine MRI and IVIM-DWI ( 8 b values, 0 to 800 s/mm2).CKD patients were divided into two groups based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): mild CKD group(45 cases,eGFR≥60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2)and moderate to severe CKD group(27 cases,eGFR<60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2).The ADC,true diffusion coefficient(D),pseudo-diffusion coefficient(D*),perfusion fraction (f) were measured on both cortex and medulla. The paired-samples t test was used to compare the cortico-medullary difference of the ADC,D,D*and f values in three groups.Differences of the ADC,D, D*and f values among three groups were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlations between eGFR and the IVIM-DWI parameters in CKD were evaluated by using Pearson correlation analysis. ROC was performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of using IVIM-DWI parameters to distinguish CKD with moderate to severe renal impairment from mild renal impairment, as well as distinguish CKD with mild renal impairment from healthy volunteers.Results The cortical ADC,D, D*and f values were significantly higher than that in the medulla in healthy volunteers(all P<0.05). The cortical ADC,D*and f values were significantly higher than that in the medulla in mild CKD group(all P<0.05). The cortical ADC,D and f values were significantly higher than that in the medulla in moderate to severe CKD group (all P<0.05). The ADC,D,D*and f values of cortex and medulla showed significantly differences among three groups(all P<0.05).In CKD patients,no significant correlation was found between medullary D*,f values and eGFR, there was a significant positive correlation between eGFR and cortical ADC,D,D*and f values(r=0.475,0.362,0.625,0.276;all P<0.05),as well as between eGFR and medullary ADC,D values(r=0.427,0.615;P<0.05). The results of the ROC analysis for distinguishing the mild CKD group from the moderate to severe CKD group revealed that the cortical D*value had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC=0.965), cortical f value showed high sensitivity(92.6%) to distinguish CKD with different degree of renal impairment, with the threshold of 32.99%, and cortical D*value showed high specificity(97.8%)with the threshold of 17.07×10-3mm2/s;the results of the ROC analysis for distinguishing the mild CKD group from healthy volunteers revealed that the cortical D*value had the highest AUC(0.885), medullary ADC value showed high sensitivity (82.2%) to distinguish mild CKD group from healthy volunteers,with the threshold of 1.83×10-3mm2/s,and medullary f value showed high specificity(100.0%)with the threshold of 21.70%,as well as medullary D value showed high specificity(100.0%)with the threshold of 1.75× 10-3mm2/s.Conclusion IVIM-DWI may be useful for CKD early diagnosis and assessing renal function.
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Dried herb of Delphinium brunonianum Royle (Ranunculaceae) has long been used under the herbal name "Xiaguobei" (Delphinii Brunoniani Herba) in traditional Tibetan medicine and prescribed for the treatment of influenza, itchy skin rash and snake bites. In order to find a useful and convenient method for the identification of microscopic features, the technique of fluorescence microscopy was applied to authenticate "Xiaguobei" of Tibet. The transverse sections of stem and leaf, as well as the powder of "Xiaguobei" were observed to seek for typical microscopic features by normal light and fluorescence microscopy. A style-like, single-cell glandular hair containing yellow secretions on the leaf, young stem and sepal of "Xiaguobei" was found. Under the fluorescence microscope, the xylem and pericycle fiber group emitted significant fluorescence. This work indicated that fluorescence microscopy could be an useful additional method for the authentication work. Without the traditional dyeing methods, the main microscopic features could be easily found by fluorescence microscopy. The results provided reliable references for the authentication of "Xiaguobei".
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make microscopic identification research of three Echinacea-species roots recorded in the United States Pharmacopeia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The root transverse section and powder of E. angustifolia, E. pallida, and E. purpurea were observed. The main microscopic features were photographed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The main microscopic features of transverse section and powder in three Echinacea-species roots are basically similar, except for some diagnostic differences. The results provide reliable reference for the authentication of raw materials of western herbal studies.</p>
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Echinacea , Biología Celular , Microscopía , Raíces de Plantas , Biología Celular , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
By the approach of self-assembly and electropolymerization, membrane for Bisphenol A (BPA) has been synthesized with bisphenol A as template molecule, o-aminothiophenol as functional monomer. Based on which, an electrochemical sensor was constructed and its response to BPA was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The peak current intensity was linear to Bisphenol A in the range of 6.0×10-7-5.5×10-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 2.0×10-7 mol/L and the RSD <5%(n=9). The response time of stable current was about 2 min. The proposed sensor exhibits good selectivity, reproducibility and stability. The AC impedance technology and chronoamperometry were employed to study the electrochemical characteristic of the membrane. The sensor was successfully applied to the determination of BPA in several samples.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Puerarin on the expression of hyperphosphorylated-tau (P_ ser404-tau) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats.Methods The rats were divided into sham-operation group, AD group and Puerarin treated group at randomly. The AD rat models were established by injecting amyloid-beta peptide(A?_ 25-35) into right amygdala. The sham-operation rats were injected with trifluoroacetic acid in the same location. The spatial memory function was observed by Y-maze. The protein expression of P_ ser404-tau and ChAT in hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results (1)Compared with sham-operation group,the results of maze test were down in AD group and the number of P_ ser404-tau positive cells was significantly higher,while the number of ChAT positive cells was significantly lower (all P