Perceptions about abortion among college going late adolescent girls of Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi, Jharkhand - A pilot study

Background: Increase in teenage pregnancy and illegal abortion have become a major concern in India and understanding adolescent sexual behavior still remains a challenge. Nearly 60% of abortion in India is illegal. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the level of knowledge about abortion among late adolescent girls (16–19 years). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Bachelor of Arts 1st year students of Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi. It included girls in the age group of 16–19 years. The duration of the study was 3 months (August–October 2018). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The descriptive statistics analysis includes percentage and mean with standard deviation. To assess the knowledge level scoring was done. Analysis of variance was done to test the difference in knowledge score. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee and permission was then taken from the principal of Ranchi Women’s College. Results: A total of 71 students gave assent/consent. The mean age of study subjects was 18.25 (0.68) years. Every student had heard about abortion, but still 19 of them thought abortion to be illegal in India. Of 22 students who claimed to know the gestational age up to which abortion can be done, only 5.6% had correct knowledge. Regarding the place where abortion must be done, 40.8% answered correctly. Most of the respondents (39.4%) mentioned rape to be the condition for legal abortion followed by risk of child abnormality. The common complication is known as bleeding and infection. Friends were the most common source of information. Only 2.8% of girls had satisfactory knowledge, the average and low knowledge being present in 33.8% and 63.4% of girls, respectively. Conclusion: This study seeks to determine the existing knowledge of teenagers which was found to be very low. This calls researchers to explore the existing knowledge gap and ways to reduce it at early stage so that maximum could be benefitted from MTP act.

Immediate effect of nonspecific mandibular mobilization on postural control in subjects with temporomandibular disorder: a single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial / Efeito imediato da mobilização mandibular inespecífica sobre o controle postural em indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular: ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado, simples cego

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is considered multifactorial and is defined as a group of pain conditions characterized by functional stomatognathic system alterations, which may be affected by or related disrupted postural control. OBJECTIVE: Assess the immediate effect of nonspecific mandibular mobilization (NMM) on the postural control of subjects diagnosed or not with TMD. METHOD: A simple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed involving 50 subjects of both genders assigned to two groups: the TMD group and the control group. TMD was diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). A stabilometric assessment was performed by testing subjects in a quiet stance on a dual force platform under two visual conditions (eyes open and eyes closed). The Center of Pressure (CoP)-related variables analyzed were displacement, amplitude, speed of anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) displacements and CoP sway area. The mean values of each variable were compared, considering the accepted significance value of p<0.05. RESULTS: A significant difference between the pre- and post-NMM means could be observed in subjects diagnosed with TMD under the closed-eyes visual condition. There was a statistically significant difference in the CoP sway area (p<0.03) in the ML displacement COPML (p<0.006) and ML amplitude COPML (p<0.01) and in the variable speed in the AP COPAP (p<0.03) and ML COPML (p<0.03) directions, simultaneously. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that nonspecific temporomandibular joint mobilization contributes to the immediate improvement of postural control in patients with TMD. .

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é considerada multifatorial e se define como um grupo de condições dolorosas que se caracteriza por apresentar alterações funcionais do sistema estomatognático que podem estar relacionadas à perturbação ou a uma contribuição em relação ao controle da postura. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito imediato da mobilização mandibular inespecífica (MMI) sobre o controle postural em indivíduos com e sem diagnóstico de DTM. MÉTODO: Realizou-se um ensaio clinico controlado, randomizado, simples cego, com 50 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, alocados em dois grupos: grupo DTM e grupo controle, diagnosticados segundo o RDC/TMD. Realizou-se uma avaliação estabilométrica com os indivíduos sobre uma plataforma de força, em duas condições visuais: olhos abertos e fechados. As variáveis referentes ao centro de oscilação do corpo (COP) analisadas foram: deslocamento, amplitude, velocidade de deslocamentos ântero-posterior (AP) e médio-lateral (ML) e área de oscilação do centro de pressão (COP). Os valores médios de cada variável foram comparados, considerando o nível de significância aceito de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foi possível verificar diferença significativa entre as médias pré e pós-MMI nos indivíduos diagnosticados com DTM na condição visual olhos fechados. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na área de oscilação do COP (p<0,03) no deslocamento médio-lateral COPML (p<0,006), na amplitude médio-lateral COPML (p<0,01) e na variável velocidade nas direções ântero-posterior, COPAP (p<0,03) e médio-lateral ...

Effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male albino rat

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of different doses of lead acetate (1/20, 1/40 and 1/60 of LD50) on body weight gain, blood picture, plasma protein profile and the function of liver, kidney and thyroid gland.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male albino rats were divided into four groups, the first group represented the health control animals, while the second, third and fourth groups were ingested orally with sub lethal doses of lead acetate (1/20, 1/40 and 1/60) of the oral LD50, respectively. One dose was ingested every two days during the experimental period (14 weeks) including the adaptation time. Blood was collected and used for all analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that, the ingestion of Pb(2+) induced significant stimulation in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (AST) activity. Also, total soluble protein and albumin contents of plasma were significantly decreased, while the content of globulin was changed by the Pb(2+) treatments. The cholinesterase activity was inhibited, but the activities of alkaline and acid phosphates and lactate dehydrogenase were stimulated, while plasma glucose level was elevated as a result of lead acetate intoxication. In case of blood picture, Pb(2+) ingestion reduced the contents of hemoglobin and RBCs count of intoxicated rat's blood and the plasma levels of T3, T4 and blood WBCs count were decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It can be concluded that lead acetate has harmful effect on experimental male albino rats. Therefore, the present work advises people to prevent exposure to the lead compound to avoid injurious hazard risk.</p>

effect of deltamethrin on the induction of diabetes in normal and trained rats

Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used extensively to increase crop production. Regular exercise can help to protect from chronic disorders including chronic cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of deltamethrin [DM] on the induction of diabetes using streptozotocin [STZ] as an experimental model in normal and exercise trained adult male Sprague-Dawely rats. Also, to study the effects of exercise training on the oxidative stress induced by DM and diabetes. One hundred male Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into two main groups normal and exercise trained [ET] groups. Exercise training was conducted by allowing animals to swim freely in swimming pool 15mm daily for 30 days. Animals of each main group were subdivided into control, corn oil, streptozitocin [STZ], deltamethrin [DM] and strep to zitocin+deltamethrin [ST2+DM] groups. Streptozetocin was given once by I.P. [40 mg/kg body weight in citrate buffer] and deltamethrin was administered orally [14 mg/kg] for 30 days. At the end of the experiment blood samples were withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus for the estimation of serum glucose and serum insulin levels. And animals were euthanized and livers were removed for measuring the enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers. The results explored that exercise training caused elevation in glucose level. DM caused a decrease in glucose level in exercise trained rats. Glucose level in STZ treated groups was increase by 4 folds relative to control effect, while STZ ET rats increased glucose level 3 folds than ET rats. Also, [SIZ+DM] in normal and ET rats caused increase in glucose level as compared to corresponding control. Training caused reduction in insulin level. Also, Serum insulin level was significantly decreased in normal untrained deltamethrin treated rats while its levels did not change [more or less] in trained groups. In addition, ST2 and [ST2+DM] in normal and ET rats reduced insulin level. Level of reduced glutathione [GSH] was dramatically increased in ET rats relative to normal untrained rats and their levels were decreased in DM, ST2 in normal and ET rats and [STZ+DM] ET rats. To the contrary, [STZ+DM] showed dramatic increase in GSH level in normal untrained rats. Lipid peroxidation [MDA] was enhanced in ET rats, DM El rats and ST2 ET rats compared to corresponding control. On the other hand, MDA severely increased its level both in normal untrained DM and ST2 either alone or in combination. Super oxide dismutase enzyme [SOD] activity was severely decreased by exercise. Its activity was also decreased in STZ, DM and [STZ+DM] untrained groups while it was increased in trained groups. Catalase enzyme [CAT] activity was also decreased in STZ, DM and [STZ+DM] normal and ET groups. Also, ET caused reduction in CAT activity as compared to control untrained rats. The results explored that both of DM and STZ alone or in combination administered to normal untrained rats did not change the protein content o liver. To the contrary, the protein content showed a significant decrease in the exercise trained groups [DM, ST2+DM] and significant increase in ST2 treated animals. Also ET rats showed increase in total protein level as compared to untrained rats. So we concluded that DM potentiates the effects of ST2 in the diabetic rats. Training improves diabetic state. Training partially improves antioxidant state by increasing antioxidant content of GSH and increasing SOD activity but it still fails to improve the damage caused by ST2 and or DM under our experimental conditions