Trichostatin C attenuates TNFα-induced inflammation in endothelial cells by up-regulating Krüppel-like factor 2 / 药学学报

Krüppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2) plays a key regulatory role in endothelial inflammation, thrombosis, angiogenesis and macrophage inflammation and polarization, and up-regulation of KLF2 expression has the potential to prevent and treatment atherosclerosis. In this study, trichostatin C (TSC) was obtained from the secondary metabolites of rice fermentation of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909 as a KLF2 up-regulator by using a high throughput screening model based on a KLF2 promoter luciferase reporter assay. TSC significantly inhibited the adhesion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) induced monocytes (THP-1) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Western blot results showed that TSC decreased TNFα induced the protein expression increase of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and thereby inhibited endothelial inflammation. The results of histone deacetylase (HDAC) overexpression and molecular docking experiments showed that TSC upregulated the expression of KLF2 by inhibiting subtypes of HDAC 4/5/7. In conclusion, this study suggests that TSC up-regulates the expression of KLF2 through inhibiting HDAC 4/5/7 and thus inhibits TNFα induced endothelial inflammation, and it has the potential to prevent and treat atherosclerosis.

Rutaecarpine exerted anti-osteroporosis / 药学学报

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), secreted by osteoblasts, is a marker of bone turnover. OPG can inhibit osteoclastic differentiation by binding receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In this study, we found that rutaecarpine (RUT) had the up-regulating OPG activity, and it could significantly increase OPG protein levels in both mouse embryonic osteogenic precursor MC3T3-E1 and human osteosarcoma U-2OS cells. Osteoblastogenic differentiation calcified nodules staining results showed that RUT significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Osteoclastic differentiation tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining results showed that RUT obviously inhibited the osteoclast differentiation of mouse macrophages RAW264.7 induced by RANKL. In vivo studies showed that low-dose RUT group (5 mg·kg-1·day-1) and high-dose RUT group (45 mg·kg-1·day-1) treatments for 3 months significantly increased bone density in ovariectomized (OVX) rats; calcein double labeling experiment and toluidine blue staining results indicated that low-dose RUT group promoted bone formation and decreased bone loss in vivo; immunohistochemistry results showed that low-dose RUT group increased the expression of OPG in rat femur. All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the regulations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. In summary, this study demonstrated that RUT could up-regulate OPG expression and had promoting osteoblastic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation effects in vitro and in vivo.

A new benzamide derivative from rice fermentation of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 202950 / 中国中药杂志

Eight compounds were isolated from the rice fermentation of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 202950 by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica, Sephadex LH-20, flash C₁₈, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified as 3-[(3'-amino-3'-oxoprop-1'-en-2'-yl)oxy]benzamide (1), m-hydroxybenzamide (2), leptosphaepin (3), 5-methyluracil (4), feruloylamide (5), p-hydroxyphenylacetoamide (6), vanillamide (7), cyclo (L-val-L-ala) (8). Among them, 1 was a new benzamide analogue, and 2 was a new natural product. In the preliminary assays, none of the compounds 1-8 exhibited obvious inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity, and toxic with the Hela, HepG2, and U2OS cells. (IC₅₀ > 10 μmol•L⁻¹).

Chemical constituents from culture of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 202950 / 中国中药杂志

Eleven compounds were isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 202950 by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin HP-20, MCI, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified as 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide(1),5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioinosine(2), vanillamide(3), trans-3-methylthioacrylamide(4), 1,2,3,4-Tetraydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid(5), cyclo(L-pro-L-tyr) (6), N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]ethylacetamide(7), benzamide (8), cyclo ('L-leucyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline)(9), cyclo-(Phe-Gly) (10), and tryptophan (11). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new natural products. In the preliminary assays, none of the compounds exhibited obvious inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity (IC50 > 10 micromol x L(-1)).

A novel trichostatin analogue culture of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909 / 中国中药杂志

By using a cell-based high throughput screening model for the CLA-1 up-regulator, Streptomyces 203909 was found to produce up-regulator of CLA-1. A novel trichostatin analogue was isolated from the rice fermentation of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography (CC) over silica gel, flash C18 CC, and reversed-phase HPLC. Its structure was identified as (-)-(R,2E,4Z)-7-[(4'-dimethylamino) phenyl]-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxohepta-2,4-dienoyl-L-glutamine (1) by the spectroscopic and chemical methods, and combination with the CD spectroscopy and Marfey's method. In the prelimi- nary assays, Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney 293 cell line with IC50 value 35.3 [µmol · L(-1).

Screening and identification of the upregulators of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 / 药学学报

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) promotes cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from cells to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and plays a key role in the initial steps of the whole process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Upregulation of ABCA1 is beneficial for atherosclerosis (AS) prevention and/or therapy, which indicated that ABCA1 was a target for anti-AS drug development. In the previous study, a high-throughput screening method was established using ABCA1p-LUC HepG2 cell line to find the upregulators of ABCA1. In the present study, compound 2030421B was found using this method, with EC50 of 0.50 microg x mL(-1). The compound was further identified as an upregulator of ABCA1 expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. Studies also showed that the 2030421B could induce apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux and inhibit lipids uptake into mouse peritoneal macrophages RAW264.7.