Some physiological factors affecting intra ocular pressure in Al-Najaf district

In order to assess some factors that affect the intra ocular pressure [IOP]; [116] patients[with elevated IOP], 79 males and 37 females their ages were between [22-80 years], duration of their disease [2 weeks-20 years], and [124] subjects [without IOP elevation] i.e. control group, without a history of [IOP] elevation or previous eye problem, their age between [20-80 years], [60] males and [64] females. In this study some factors affecting the [IOP] elevation were taken like, age, sex, obesity [reflected by body mass index [BMI] and body surface area [BSA]] and blood pressure [mean blood pressure]. The [IOP] was measured by the Goldmann's applanation tonometer which is a criterion standard. Paired and independent t tests had been applied at level of significance [0.05] using [SPSS] V. 10 program. According to the results of our study:-1. The effect of age on the [IOP] elevation was significant with advanced age. -2. The effect of mean blood pressure was significant in patients with [IOP] elevation than in control group [P<.0.05]. The study concluded that the patients with [IOP] elevation had higher mean blood pressure than control group [P<0.05], so the systemic hypertension could be a possible cause of [IOP] elevation, and that with advanced age the possibility of [IOP] elevation becomes high

Silent ischemia in diabetic patients

In order to assess the association between autonomic dysfunction and abnormal but silent ST segment depression, 120 diabetic patients [age [25 - 77 years]; 38 type 1 DM,. 82 type 2 DM, 66 males, 54 females] and 65 without diabetes i.e. control subjects [age [25 - 72 years], 48 males, 17 females], without a history of chest pain were investigated. Autonomic dysfunction was evaluating by autonomic function tests. Transient ST segment depression was assessed by exercise treadmill testing [ETT] [Bruce Protocol]. Abnormal [>/= 1 mm] ST segment depression horizontally or down sloping below the baseline i.e. PR segment, measured 0.08 seconds after the J point was observed in 40 [33.3%] of diabetic group [30 [37.5%] in diabetes, with autonomic dysfunction and 10 [25%] in diabetes without autonomic dysfunction] and 7 [1.0.8%] of control group. It was calculated that autonomic dysfunction could be a possible explanation for lacking symptoms from abnormal ST segment depression in diabetic patients [P <0.05]

effect of immersion in water on cardiopulmonary responses

This study was carried out on 146 normal healthy volunteers in order to study the effect of postural changes and immersion in water to the level of diaphragm and to the level of the neck on cardiopulmonary reflexes by using non invasive technique. mercury sphygmomanometer for measuring the blood pressure, vitalograph spirometer to measure forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV 1] and water tank is used for immersing the subjects. Measurement of blood pressure [BP], heart rate [HR], FVC, and FEV 1 was done in supine position, standing position, immersion in water up to the level of diaphragm and to the level of the neck. The volunteers are divided in two age groups, from 20-40 years [80subjects, 50 males and 30 females] and from 41-60 years [66 subjects, 50 males and 16 females]. Comparison between standing and supine, position indicate that. there was a significant increase in heart rate [HR]-diastolic blood pressure. [DBP], mean blood pressure [MBP] FEV1 and FVC, and significant decrease in systolic blood pressure [SBP] in standing position. During immersion in water [WI] to the level of diaphragm it was found that there was no significant changes in HR, SBP, DBP, MBP, FEV1 and FVC on comparison with supine position in both age groups, but during immersion in water [WI] to the level of neck, there was a significant increase in SBP, DBP 'and MBP, but a significant decrease in HR, FEV1 and FVC on comparison with supine position. It was found that the results of cardiopulmonary reflexes to the immersion in water up to the level of diaphragm, is significantly different from that in standing. position because WI act as an antagonist to the effect of gravity on cardiopulmonary reflexes when compared with standing position

Evaluation of peak flowmeter for the measurement of peak expiratory flow rate

This study was carried out to evaluate Peak Flowmeter instrument to measure Peak expiratory Flow rate which is one of the test used in lung function tests. The study was made on 40 normal medical student of Kufa college of Medicine, their age range [17-26] years with Mean +/- SD 19.78 +/- 1.45. The evaluation were done by two techniques, the first is to test the accuracy [systematic error] in which a comparison have been made of the peak expiratory flow rate by Peak Flowmeter with that which made by vitalograph spirometer, the results indicate that there were a significant differences between the two techniques. The other technique of evaluation is to test the reproducibility [Random error] of Peak Flowmeter by taken duplicate estimates of Peak expiratory Flow rate of each subjects and then to take the mean of paird difference of estimates at a steady state. The result of such evaluation indicate that there was no significant differences in this test

Comparison between Sahli's method and cyanide methemoglobin method for the estimation of hemoglobin percent

This study was carried out on 40 Rabbits in order to study the accuracy and reproducibility of both the Sahli's method and the Cyanide Method for the estimation of the hemoglobin percent in the blood. The systematic error of this study indicate that the hemoglobin percent estimated by Cyanide Met- Hb Method is significantly higher than that which is estimated by Sahli's method, however. The random error [reproducibility] of both Sahli's method and Cyanide met-Hb Method have no any significant differences of mean difference of duplicate estimate of hemoglobin percent this study indicate that both methods can be used in laboratory medical investigation of the hemoglobin percent