RESUMEN
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high disability rate and a high risk of suicide. Due to the limited efficacy of traditional antidepressants, researchers have actively developed animal models with different mechanisms to meet the clinical needs. The principle and preparation methods, phenotypic characteristics, model validity (simulating clinical MDD) and their advantages and disadvantages of different models have been reviewed in this article. It is helpful for researchers to explore the pathogenesis of MDD and to select appropriate animal models in the development of new anti-MDD drugs.
RESUMEN
Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA (TA), a main active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral system diseases. In the present study, the effect of STS on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was investigated and its effect on survival rate of rats with sepsis was also evaluated. STS treatment could significantly decrease the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced) septic rats and improve left ventricular function, particularly at 48 and 72 h after CLP. As the pathogenesis of septic myocardial dysfunction is attributable to dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses, several key cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), were detected to reveal the possible mechanism of attenuation of septic myocardial dysfunction after being treated by STS. Our study showed that STS, especially at a high dose (15 mg·kg), could efficiently suppress inflammatory responses in myocardium and reduce myocardial necrosis through markedly reducing production of myocardial TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1. STS significantly improved the 18-day survival rate of rats with sepsis from 0% to 30% (P < 0.05). Therefore, STS could suppress inflammatory responses and improve left ventricular function in rats with sepsis, suggesting that it may be developed for the treatment of sepsis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Proteína C-Reactiva , Genética , Alergia e Inmunología , Ciego , Cirugía General , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Química , Corazón , Interleucina-6 , Genética , Alergia e Inmunología , Ligadura , Miocardio , Alergia e Inmunología , Fenantrenos , Química , Punciones , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Química , Sepsis , Quimioterapia , Alergia e Inmunología , Troponina T , Genética , Alergia e Inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Genética , Alergia e InmunologíaRESUMEN
Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA (TA), a main active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral system diseases. In the present study, the effect of STS on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was investigated and its effect on survival rate of rats with sepsis was also evaluated. STS treatment could significantly decrease the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), cardiac troponin T (cTn-T), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced) septic rats and improve left ventricular function, particularly at 48 and 72 h after CLP. As the pathogenesis of septic myocardial dysfunction is attributable to dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses, several key cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), were detected to reveal the possible mechanism of attenuation of septic myocardial dysfunction after being treated by STS. Our study showed that STS, especially at a high dose (15 mg·kg), could efficiently suppress inflammatory responses in myocardium and reduce myocardial necrosis through markedly reducing production of myocardial TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1. STS significantly improved the 18-day survival rate of rats with sepsis from 0% to 30% (P < 0.05). Therefore, STS could suppress inflammatory responses and improve left ventricular function in rats with sepsis, suggesting that it may be developed for the treatment of sepsis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratas , Proteína C-Reactiva , Genética , Alergia e Inmunología , Ciego , Cirugía General , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Química , Corazón , Interleucina-6 , Genética , Alergia e Inmunología , Ligadura , Miocardio , Alergia e Inmunología , Fenantrenos , Química , Punciones , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Química , Sepsis , Quimioterapia , Alergia e Inmunología , Troponina T , Genética , Alergia e Inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Genética , Alergia e InmunologíaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a human source vector containing minidystrophin-EGFP fusion gene and investigate its expression in Cos-7 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The recombinant human source vector named pHrnDysG was constructed with PCR-clone methods. Three fragments of dystrophin gene were PCR amplified from normal human dystrophin gene cDNA (GenBank NM04006). These three fragments were ligated to generate a minidystrophin gene. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was fused to the C terminal of the minidystrophin gene, and then the pHrnDysG was finally obtained by cloning the fusion gene to pHrneo. Fluorescence microscope and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of minidystrophin-EGFP fusion gene after the recombinant construct was transfected into Cos-7 cells by lipofectamine.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Restrictive enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing confirmed that pHrnDysG vector was constructed successfully. After the recombinant pHrnDysG was transfected to Cos-7 cells, RT-PCR demonstrated that the fusion gene was successfully transcribed, and the green fluorescence was observed at the cell membrane.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The minidystrophin-EGFP fusion gene mediated by pHrneo vector could express in Cos-7 cells and its products' localization in the cell membrane was the same as that of full length dystrophin. These results suggested that the recombinant human source vector pHrnDysG might be potentially used in studies on the gene therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</p>