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In this study, a single base editing system was used to edit the FecB and GDF9 gene to achieve a targeted site mutation from A to G and from C to T in Ouler Tibetan sheep fibroblasts, and to test its editing efficiency. Firstly, we designed and synthesized sgRNA sequences targeting FecB and GDF9 genes of Ouler Tibetan sheep, followed by connection to epi-ABEmax and epi-BE4max plasmids to construct vectors and electrotransfer into Ouler Tibetan sheep fibroblasts. Finally, Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the target point mutation of FecB and GDF9 genes positive cells. T-A cloning was used to estimate the editing efficiency of the single base editing system. We obtained gRNA targeting FecB and GDF9 genes and constructed the vector aiming at mutating single base of FecB and GDF9 genes in Ouler Tibetan sheep. The editing efficiency for the target site of FecB gene was 39.13%, whereas the editing efficiency for the target sites (G260, G721 and G1184) of GDF9 gene were 10.52%, 26.67% and 8.00%, respectively. Achieving single base mutation in FecB and GDF9 genes may facilitate improving the reproduction traits of Ouler Tibetan sheep with multifetal lambs.
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Animales , Ovinos/genética , Edición Génica , Tibet , Mutación , Fenotipo , Mutagénesis Sitio-DirigidaRESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the medication rules of Xin'an medicine for the treatment of melancholia and further analyze the medication ideas of Xin'an physicians in the treatment of melancholia.Methods:The documents of Xin'an physicians treating melancholia in the fifth edition of the Chinese Medical Code and the online database of ancient Chinese medicine were retrieved. Excel was used to extract the prescription information to establish the database. R language was used to analyze the data regarding the medication frequency, nature and taste, association rules, and clustering of the traditional Chinese medicine used in the prescription. Results:A total of 127 effective prescriptions were sorted out, and 177 kinds of Chinese medicines were used with a total medication frequency of 1 031 times. The top three Chinese medicines with the highest frequency of use were Poria cocos (57 times), Licorice (46 times), and Paeonia Lactiflora (40 times). The main nature of herbs was plain and warm nature. The warm herbs were the most frequently used (298 times). The first five flavors of the herbs which were the most used were pungent taste (475 times, 28.70%), bitter taste (459 times, 27.73%), and sweet taste (453 times, 27.37%). The commonly used herbs with confidence coefficient > 0.800 were Licorice + Angelica sinensis, Licorice + Angelica sinensis and Paeonia Lactiflora, Licorice + Bupleurum, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala, Cyperus root + Ligusticum Chuanxiong, Angelica sinensis + Atractylodes macrocephala and Licorice, Paeonia Lactiflora + Angelica sinensis and Poria cocos, Licorice + Angelica sinensis and Poria cocos, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica sinensis, Licorice + Bupleurum and Paeonia Lactiflora, Licorice + Atractylodes macrocephala and Ginseng, Licorice + Ginseng and Angelica sinensis, Cyperus root + Medicated leaven, Ginseng + Astragalus mongholicus, Licorice + Astragalus mongholicus.Conclusion:Xin'an medicine for the treatment of melancholia mainly uses pungent, bitter, sweet, and warm herbs. It can adjust the chill and fever, Yin and Yang of the human body, diminishes the urgency, and regulates the flow of Qi.
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The low-frequency oscillation of electroencephalography can reflect the process of brain neuron remodeling. This article reviews the basic principles of neurobiology, measurement and analysis methods of delta (0.5-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) low-frequency oscillatory activities and their clinical applications in post-stroke motor, cognitive and language functions, and discusses the possibility of their clinical research and conversion application in the field of stroke rehabilitation.
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Cognitive impairment after infectious meningitis seriously affects the activities of daily living for survivors. There has been lack of systematic researches on the cognitive impact of infectious meningitis so far, it is not clear how to early identify and evaluate the cognitive impairment after meningitis, how to properly carry out early rehabilitative intervention to improve the activities of daily living and to reduce the social and economic burden of patients. This article reviews the characteristics, evaluation methods and rehabilitative interventions of cognitive impairment in patients after infectious meningitis, to provide reference for clinical application.
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Neurogenic bowel dysfunction is one of the common complications after spinal cord injury. Long-term constipation and fecal incontinence can cause great troubles in the daily life of patients and seriously affect their quality of life. The key to the solution is effective intestinal intervention, including the establishment of defecation patterns, dietary interventions, and drug interventions, enema, electromagnetic stimulation, and enterostomy, etc. At the same time, a personalized bowel management plan is formulated based on the specific conditions of the patient to better manage the bowel and improve the patient′s quality of life.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of mobile phone dependence， and to analyze the mediating role of emotional intelligence between parenting rearing behavior and mobile phone dependence among college students， so as to provide references for relieving the mobile phone dependence among college students. MethodsStratified cluster sampling method was applied to enroll 1 200 students from three colleges in He'nan province， and the selected individuals were assessed using Parental Bonding Instrument （PBI）， Mobile Phone Addiction Index （MPAI） and Emotional Intelligence Scale （EIS）. Then the relationship between parenting rearing behavior and mobile phone dependence was discussed， and the mediating effect of emotional intelligence was explored using AMOS path analysis. ResultsOf the students who completed the survey， 597 out of 1 090 （54.77%） suffered from mobile phone dependence. The scores of care and encouragement of behavioral freedom in PBI were negatively correlated with the total score and each dimension score of MPAI （r=-0.316~-0.197， P<0.01）， the denial of psychological autonomy score in PBI was positively correlated with the total score and each dimension score of MPAI （r=0.206~0.258， P<0.05 or 0.01）. EIS score was negatively correlated with total score and each dimension score of MPAI （r=-0.317~-0.219， P<0.01）. The indirect effect sizes of maternal care， encouragement of behavioral freedom and denial of psychological autonomy on mobile phone dependence through emotional intelligence were 47.98%， 47.00% and 42.93%， respectively. The indirect effect sizes of paternal care， encouragement of behavioral freedom and denial of psychological autonomy on mobile phone dependence through emotional intelligence were 47.99%， 48.71% and 44.70%， respectively. ConclusionEmotional intelligence partially mediates the relationship between parental rearing behavior and mobile phone dependence.
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Objective:To investigate the ultrasonographic features and evolution of thyroid shrinking nodules in order to improve the differential diagnosis and management strategy and avoid unnecessary biopsy.Methods:A total of 245 patients with old bleeding of benign thyroid nodules diagnosed via fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from May 2015 to July 2020 in the southern part of the Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, including 263 nodules. The sonographic parameters such as size, shape, aspect ratio, echo, edge, boundary, periphery, halo, calcification, posterior echo enhancement and posterior acoustic attenuation of nodules were analyzed retrospectively, and the ultrasonic appearances of nodules were classified; 41 nodules from 40 patients, who did ultrasound examinations more than twice and had both complete ultrasonographic data, were compared and then classified in order to explore the evolution rules of the nodules.Results:Two hundred and sixty-three thyroid shrinking nodules in 245 cases were classified into 4 types: "cystic wall shrinkage sign" type(71.48%, 188/263), "carcinoma-like" type (22.05%, 58/263), "inflammation-like" type(3.04%, 8/263) and "undefined atypical solid nodules" type(3.42%, 9/263). Of the 41 consecutive follow-up nodules, 37 cases showed obvious cystic wall shrinkage sign, and 7 of them developed into "carcinoma-like" type and 6 cases into "inflammation-like" type.Conclusions:The ultrasonographic appearance of thyroid shrinking nodules is a dynamic process, which can be divided into 4 types: "cystic wall shrinkage sign" , "carcinoma-like" , "inflammation-like" and "undefined atypical solid nodules" types. The "cystic wall shrinkage sign" type is typical and common. The "cystic wall shrinkage sign" type can develope into the "carcinoma-like" type or the "inflammation-like" type.
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Objective@#To quantify the effects of short-term walking intervention on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and related indicators of working population.@*Methods@#The China Motivational Healthy Walking Program in 2016 recruited 29 224 individuals from 139 demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic and non-communicable diseases at the national level and 70 areas at the provincial level. All subjects volunteered to participate into this program. The intervention lasted 100 days from June to September 2016. The walking behavior, height, weight and waist circumference of subjects were measured using a uniform pedometer, body composition tester, height tester and waist-to-hip caliper before and after the intervention. Daily average steps, daily average effective steps, and the percent of fulfilling continuous walking per day were used as main indicators in this study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect demographic characteristics, behaviors and chronic diseases. With the adjustment of potential confounding factors, multilevel regression was used to quantify the effect of walking on BMI and waist circumference, and multilevel logistic regression was used to quantify the effect on overweight or obesity and central obesity.@*Results@#A total of 12 368 subjects completed walking interventions and all measurements included in this study. The mean±SD age of all subjects was (41.19±8.99) years, and 5 155 (59.17%) of them were women. After 100-day intervention, all outcome variables decreased significantly. For every additional 1 000 steps per day, subjects would have extra decrease in BMI of 0.023 kg/m2 [β (95%CI): -0.023 (-0.030, -0.017)], in waist circumference of 0.046 cm [β (95%CI): -0.046 (-0.071, -0.020)], and the likelihood for becoming overweight or obesity was 0.97 times [OR (95%CI): 0.97 (0.95, 0.98)] that of before intervention. With additional 1 000 effective steps per day, the difference between baseline and endpoint increased by 0.028 kg/m2 [β (95%CI): -0.028 (-0.035, -0.020)] in BMI and 0.062 cm [β (95%CI): -0.062 (-0.091, -0.033)] in waist circumference. The likelihood of progressing into overweight or obesity was 0.97 times [OR (95%CI): 0.97(0.95, 0.98)] that of before-intervention, and the likelihood of becoming central obesity was 0.98 times [OR (95%CI): 0.98(0.96, 0.99)] that of before-intervention. Compared to subjects with low level percent of fulfilling continuous walking per day, those with high level would have an extra decrease in BMI by 0.150 kg/m2 [β (95%CI): -0.150 (-0.22, -0.079)], in waist circumference by 0.340 cm [β (95%CI): -0.340 (-0.620, -0.064)], and the likelihood of becoming overweight or obesity decreased to 0.74 times that of the low level group [OR (95%CI): 0.74(0.62, 0.89)] and the likelihood of becoming central obesity decreased to 0.78 times that of the low level group [OR (95%CI): 0.78 (0.68, 0.91)].@*Conclusion@#Strengthening walking exercise in the short term has a positive effect on promoting working population to reduce BMI and waist circumference, and prevent overweight, obesity and central obesity.
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In order to evaluate the intervention effect of the school-based salt reduction model, 28 primary schools were selected in Shandong Province in September 2014 and randomly divided into intervention group (1 361 students, 1 306 parents) and control group (1 364 students,1 340 parents). A series of "small hands and big hands" salt reduction intervention activities were conducted in intervention group for 8 months. After the intervention, the total awareness rate of salt reduction knowledge, the total holding rate of related beliefs and the total reporting rate of related behaviors were 70.65%, 80.30% and 67.03% among students, and 85.66%, 93.77% and 87.93% among parents, in the intervention group, which were higher than those in the control group (37.12%, 66.52% and 50.07% among students; 55.11%, 87.52% and 57.96% among parents) (all P values <0.05). The school-based salt reduction model is effective and feasible.
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Objective@#To examine the effects and associated factors of the China Motivational Healthy Walking Program among occupational population.@*Methods@#The 2016 China Motivational Healthy Walking Program recruited 29 224 participants from 139 demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic and non-communicable disease at national level and 70 at provincial level. Intervention on walking was carried out by adopting group and individual motivating measures. Walking steps were recorded by electronic pedometer. We used percent of days achieving 10 000 steps (P10 000), percent of days fulfilling continuous walking (PCW), and proportion of valid walking (PVW) steps to reflect walking quantity, pattern and quality of participants. Motivation intensity was measured by summing up scores of each motivating activity. Questionnaire-based online survey collected information about demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors and chronic diseases. This study finally included 12 368 individuals in the analysis. Multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of group and individual motivating measures on walking activity and corresponding associated factors.@*Results@#Age of the study sample was (41.2±8.99) years, and 58.17% (7 194) of them were female. After 100-day intervention, the P10 000, PCW and PVW of all participants were 93.89%±14.42%,92.01%±15.97% and 81.00%±7.45%, respectively. The mean P10 000 and PCW increased with rising group-motivated scores, self-motivated scores and individual-activity scores (P<0.001 for all). The mean PVW decreased with both higher group-motivated scores and self-motivated scores (both P<0.05), and varied little among groups with different level individual-activity scores (P=0.525). According to the results from the multilevel model, those who had greater group-motivated scores and self-motivated scores tended to have more likelihood of high-level of P10 000 and PCW. Age, sex, smoking status, education attainment and alcohol drinking were associated with P10 000 and PCW (P<0.05 for all).@*Conclusion@#The Motivational Healthy Walking Program had positive effect on promoting healthy walking among occupational population. Group-motivated and self-motivated activities were associated with healthy walking.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of physical activity and its influencing factors in rural residents in Shanxi and Chongqing.Methods In four counties (districts) of Shanxi and Chongqing,local residents aged ≥ 18 who lived there for more than one year and had no plan to migrate to other areas in 2 years were surveyed through face to face questionnaire interviews to collect the information about their daily physical activity time,sedentary time,related knowledge and attitude,and others.Results The physical inactivity rate of the residents was 14.9％,and 88.7％ of residents never took daily physical activity.The average sedentary time was (3.91 ± 2.06) hours.The results of multivariate analysis showed that education level,per capita monthly income and activity degree were the factors influencing physical inactivity.Conclusion The proportion of people who never took daily physical activity in the survey area was higher than the average level in rural areas in China,so measures should be taken to improve the overall rate of physical activity.For people who have exercise willingness,but have no practice,and those who have already increased their physical activities,targeted guidance is needed on the basis of strengthened health education.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of physical activity and its influencing factors in rural residents in Shanxi and Chongqing.Methods In four counties (districts) of Shanxi and Chongqing,local residents aged ≥ 18 who lived there for more than one year and had no plan to migrate to other areas in 2 years were surveyed through face to face questionnaire interviews to collect the information about their daily physical activity time,sedentary time,related knowledge and attitude,and others.Results The physical inactivity rate of the residents was 14.9％,and 88.7％ of residents never took daily physical activity.The average sedentary time was (3.91 ± 2.06) hours.The results of multivariate analysis showed that education level,per capita monthly income and activity degree were the factors influencing physical inactivity.Conclusion The proportion of people who never took daily physical activity in the survey area was higher than the average level in rural areas in China,so measures should be taken to improve the overall rate of physical activity.For people who have exercise willingness,but have no practice,and those who have already increased their physical activities,targeted guidance is needed on the basis of strengthened health education.
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Effective and rapid hemostasis is the key to reduce the mortality of war injuries and has been the focus of tactical war injury treatment (TCCC) in recent years. With the changes of battlefield and trauma, the higher demand for trauma hemostasis promotes the fast development of new hemostasis concept and methods. At present, there are a wide variety of topical hemostasis materials or products with different mechanisms of action, all of which are aimed at first aid, self rescue, and rapid treatment of wounds in wartime. Efficient topical hemostasis materials or products can quickly promote coagulation, prevent serious bleeding, and reduce the death of war injuries, thus being suitable for the field battle. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to develop highly efficient hemostatic products catering to diverse needs. In this article, we briefly review the mechanism, efficiency, and some deficiencies of several novel hemostatic agents such as chitosan and zeolite, and provide new outlook for the research of current rapid hemostatic products. It provides a theoretical basis for development of hemostasis medical materials and instruments for severe combat trauma, especially penetrating injury or high-energy explosive injury.
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Objective:To analyse the dataflow and clinical flow in Suzhou municipal hospital radiology information system and picture archiving system, presents a set of system integration messages, and describes the effect of each message for the communication. Methods: Follow the framework of IHE and HL7 protocol, the paper uses standard messages to integrate two different systems for patient and study status communication. The integration can meet clinical users’ requirements.Results: Based on many years practice, the integration reached designed target.Conclusion: With further research on standard, the seamless system integration between different systems can help customer to make full use of each system and save more cost in system purchase.
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Objective To compare the effects of BOSU ball exercise and treadmill walking on lower limbs function in patients after stroke. Methods 40 patients more than 6 months after stroke were randomly divided into BOSU ball group (n=20) and treadmill group (n=20), who accepted BOSU ball or treadmill exercise on the basis of routine rehabilitation. They were assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 30-s chair stand (CS-30), sit and reach (SR), 6 minutes walk test (6MWT) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and 12 weeks af-ter treatment. Results The scores of all the assessment improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and the socres of BBS and MBI im-proved more in the BOSU ball group than in the treadmill group (P<0.05). Conclusion BOSU ball exercise can improve more of the balance and activities of daily living in post-stroke patient than treadmill walking.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of jet endotracheal tube (JET) designed by Wei (WEI JET) for tracheal intubation.Methods One hundred and two ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ and Cormack & Lehane grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ patients of both sexes,aged 15-50 yr,weighing 40-99 kg,requiring tracheal intubation under general anesthesia,were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n =51 each):conventional tracheal tube group (group C) and WEI JET group (group WJ).Groups C and WJ were further divided into 2 subgroups according to Cormack & Lehane grade:difficult airway subgroup (n =16) and non-difficult airway subgroup (n =35).The patients were tracheal intubated with the common Kendall endotracheal tube in group C.Jet ventilation (driving pressure 100 kPa,frequency of ventilation 15 bpm,I∶ E =1∶2) was performed and the patients were simultaneously tracheal intubated with WEI JET of the same internal diameter in group WJ.PETCO2 was recorded immediately after mechanical ventilation.The success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt and time spent were recorded.The complications were also recorded within 24 h after extubation.Results Compared with group C,the intubation time was significantly prolonged,and the success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt was increased in patients with a difficult airway than that in the patients without difficult airways in group WJ (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in PETCO2 recorded immediately after mechanical ventilation,intubation time and the success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt between the patients with a difficult airway and the ones without difficult airways in group WJ (P ＞ 0.05).PET CO2 recorded immediately after mechanical ventilation was significantly higher and the success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt was lower in the patients with a difficult airway than in the patients without difficult airways in group C (P ＜ 0.01).No severe barotrauma such as pneumothorax,mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema occurred in group WJ.There was no significant difference in the incidences of laryngospasm,sore throat,and flatulence between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion WEI JET can not only provide adequate ventilation safely and effectively in patients requiring tracheal intubation under general anesthesia,but also increase the probability of successful tracheal intubation in patients with a difficult airway.
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Objective To determine whether fetal rats exposure to isoflurane will cause postnatal learning and memory deficits,and change Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the hippocampus CA1 and retrosplenial cortex in fetal brain of rats. Methods Twenty-eight Sprague Dawley pregnant rats at gestation day 21 (E21) were randomly divided into isoflurane treatment group(n=14) and sham control group(n=14). Rats in isoflurane treatment group were ex-posed to 1.3% isoflurane in a carrying gas of 30% oxygen, balance nitrogen for 6 h in a warmed, humidified cham-ber. For sham control group,animals were treated at the same condition with only carrying gas. In behavior study,the spatial learning and memory ability at juvenile ages was determined with the Morris Water Maze(MWM). In immunohistochemistry study,changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in hippocampus CA1 and retrosplenial cortex in the fetus brain after isoflurane treatment at 2 hours was performed by using immunofluorecence staining.Results In the MWM training, the escape latency to platform in the place trials showed no significant difference between the two groups,but the postnatal rats in 1.3% isoflurane group showed obviously improved retention of memory by spending more percentage of time swimming in the probe quadrant as compared to the control animals ((42.33±2.31) s vs (33.2±2.15) s, t=2.21, P<0.05) in the probe test. Compared to controls, 1.3% isoflu-rane exposure for 6 h to the pregnant rats increased the intensity of Bcl-2, decreased the intensity of Bax, and sig-nificantly increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the fetal hippocampal CA1 region (4.40±0. 86 vs 1.31±0.32, t=3. 378, P<0.01) and the fetal retrosplenial cortex (5.07±1.27 vs 1.47±0.48, t=2.656, P < 0.05) respec-tively. Conclusion 1.3% isoflurane exposure in pregnant rats significantly improves the spatial retention memo-ry of their rat pups at a juvenile age and increases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the hippocampal CA1 region and the ret-resplenial cortex in the fetal rat brains.