Three-dimensional ultrasound locatization in endoscopic thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the three-dimensional ultrasound locatization in endoscopic thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter (MG).@*METHOD@#Thirty two patients with MG underwent ET via bilateral areolar approach. Preoperative ultrasonography were used to locate lesions and marked in the 3-D map designed by us. Dur ing ET procedure, surgery skills were adopted to expose inferior pole of thyroid, glands in the area of Berry ligament or (and) upper pole were retained according to the preoperative location map.@*RESULT@#According to the preoperative ultrasonic orientation, 3 lobectomy were performed in 15 cases of unilateral lesions, 12 subtotal thyroidectomy were performed in 17 cases of bilateral lesions, and 5 patients performed unilateral lobectomy add partial thyroidectomy. All patients had successful ET using bilateral areola approach. No conversions to open surgery, no complication occurred, and no nodules were found missing in the postoperative ultrasonography examinations.@*CONCLUSION@#Preoperative ultrasonic orientation and intraoperative operating skills are contributing to a successful ET for MG.

Progress in basic research of colorectal liver metastases / 国际外科学杂志

Liver metastases is the independent risk factor of prognosis of colorectal cancer.In this article we summarized the research about the mechanism of colorectal liver metastases over the latest five years.Studies showed that the specific cell adhesive interaction in metastatic target organs plays an important role in metastases. The metastatic procedure call be roughly assigned to:escape,adhesion,invasion,survival and proliferation.The interactions between tumor cells and nonparenchymal cens in the liver lead to tumor growth.Tumor micro-environ ment is characterized by the lack of oxygen,inflammation,immune suppression,meanwhile,the role played by cell factors in the tumor micro-environment can not be ignored.