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Abstract@#The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in China is increasing during recent years, which could be influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, diet and lifestyle. To understand the relationship between meal timing, frequency with childhood overweight and obesity, the paper reviews recent studies on the relationship between meal or snack timing, frequency with overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, so as to provide scientific evidence for obesity prevention and control.
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Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects and mechanism of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) on adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.Methods:3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro, and stimulated with different concentrations of MBL (0, 1, 10, 20 μg/ml). Firstly, changes in cell proliferation ability were detected by CCK-8. Then lipid accumulation was analyzed by Oil red O staining and intracellular triglyceride content determination. Further, the expression of adipogenic differentiation-related factors PPARγ and C/EBPα at protein and mRNA levels were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Finally, Western blot was used to analyze the expression and phosphorylation of Akt, a signal molecule related to adipogenic differentiation. Results:MBL at the concentrations of 0, 1, 10 and 20 μg/ml had no effect on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The level of triglyceride in MBL treatment groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner on 3 d after 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Results of Oil red O staining showed that the number of lipid droplets in MBL treatment groups reduced significantly, and the absorbance values also decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot and qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα at both protein and mRNA levels in MBL treatment groups decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, and the phosphorylation level of Akt was significantly down-regulated as well.Conclusions:MBL regulates the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via Akt signaling pathway.
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Objective To construct the prokaryotic recombinant expression vector of PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD.Methods By using the techniques of gene recombination,the primers of Cu,Zn-SOD and the oligonucleotide sequences of PTD4 were designed,PCR amplification was performed for Cu,Zn-SOD genes,the PCR products were identified,reclaimed and purified,and pET16b served as carrier.The prokaryotic recombinant expression vector of pET16b-Cu,Zn-SOD was constructed using double digestion with Xho Ⅰ and BamH Ⅰ,ligated reaction and plasmid transformation.Then PTD4 gene and pET16b-Cu,Zn-SOD carrier were double digested with Nde Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ and ligated,and the plasmid was transformed,and the prokaryotic recombinant expression vector of pET16b-PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD was constructed.The reconstructed vector was analyzed by restriction mapping and was verified by gene sequencing.Results The prokaryotic recombinant expression vector of pET16b-PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD with a length of 6 207 bp was constructed successfully.The carrier fragment about 5.7 kp and PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD gene fragment about 510 bp were obtained by double digestion with Nde Ⅰ and BamH Ⅰ,which was consistent with the expected results.The results of gene sequencing showed that the base sequences of pET16b-PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD were correct when compared with the expected gene sequences.Conclusion The prokaryotic recombinant expression vector of pET16b-PTD4-Cu,Zn-SOD is constructed successfully.
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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,relationship between treatment and prognosis of sarcoidosis and relationship of relapse to prednisone.Methods The clinical data of 165 patients with sarcoidosis were collected.The clinical characteristics,treatment process and prognosis,relationship of relapse with prednisone maintenance dose and course of treatment were retrospective analyzed.Results Among them,the most common involved systems were lung and lymph nodes.The involvement rates of lung,extra-thorax lymph nodes,cutaneous,ocular,salivary glands,liver & spleen,kidney and nervous system was 87.3％,51.5％,6.7％,6.1％,6.1％,4.2％,1.2％ and 1.2％ respectively.Unilateral tonsil,breast,ovary and bone involvement was seen in only 1 patient respectively with an involvement rate of 0.6％.A retrospective analysis was made for 114 cases with complete follow-up data.The mean follow-up period was (11.7 ± 5.7) (5-32) years.And 46 cases had no symptom on routine medical examinations.The most common consulted departments were respiratory,dermatological and general surgery departments.Among 74 patients on prednisone,48 patients (64.9％) were cured while 13 patients (17.6％) relapsed.Whereas in the observation group,25/38 patients (65.8％) remitted spontaneously and only 1 patient (2.6％) had recurrence.Relapse occurred more often in prednisone therapy group than in observation group (P ＜ 0.05).Longer prednisone 10-15 mg daily maintenance and a longer total course of treatment were associated with fewer recurrence(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis vary and many patients have a self-limiting course.The most common involved systems are lung and lymph nodes.Stage Ⅰ / Ⅱ disease should be observed before prednisone therapy.Prednisone 10-15 mg daily for at least 6 months and a total course of treatment over 18 months may prevent relapse.
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Objective To compare clinical features,pulmonary functions,chest imaging and prognosis between combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome (CPFE) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) without emphysematous changes in elderly patients.Methods 88 elderly IPF patients in Beijing hospital from January 2000 to October 2012 were divided into CPFE (n=30) and IPF (n =58) groups according to the CT imaging.Clinical features,blood gas analysis,pulmonary function,chest CT and survival time were compared between the two groups.Results 30 CPFE patients with the mean age of(75.5 ±7.6) years and 58 IPF patients without emphysema with the mean age of(73.7±6.8) years were enrolled.The proportions of male patients,smoking history and mortality were higher in CPFE patients than in IPF group(86.7％ vs.63.8％,28 vs.36,76.7％ vs.43.1％,x2 =5.09,9.74,8.98,P＜0.05 or 0.01).CPFE patients had a higher force vital capacity(FVC) and total lung capacity(TLC) as compared with IPF group [(2.6±0.9) L vs.(2.1± 0.5) L,(5.4±1.9) L vs.(4.4±1.1) L,t=2.69,2.35,P＜0.01 or 0.05].There were no significant differences in forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and the diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO) between the two groups.The main type of emphysema by HRCT scan were centrilobular emphysema in CPFE patients.There were lower median survival time in CPFE group than in IPF group [(3.0±0.2) years vs.(4.0±1.0) years,x2=4.50,P＜0.05].Conclusions The majority of elderly CPFE patients are males and smokers.The lung volume is increased in elderly CPFE patients as compared with IPF patients.Centrilobular emphysema is the primary type in CPFE patients.The prognosis is worse in elderly CPFE patients than in IPF patients.
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Objective: To explore the function of serum leptin in COPD patients with malnutrition, and to investigate the relationship between leptin and TNF-?. Methods: A total of 81 subjects (47 COPD patients and 34 control subjects) participated in this study. The 47 COPD patients were divided into 2 groups: group COPD Ⅰ (patients without malnutrition during stable disease, n=29), group COPDⅡ(patients with malnutrition during stable disease, n=18).To eliminate the effect of sex differences, all the patients and controls were male. Body mass index (BMI), percent ideal body weight (IBW%), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF), mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), mid-upper arm muscle circumference(MAMC),serum leptin and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) levels, serum prealbumin (PA), serum transferrin (TF), serum albumin(Alb),total lymphocytes count (TLC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV_1), maximal inspiration pressure(MIP)and maximal expiration pressure(MEP)were measured in all participants. Leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. TNF-? levels were measured by ELISA. The between group difference and correlation of these parameters were analysed. Results: (1)Serum leptin levels were significantly lower in group COPDⅡ (4.07?3.42 ?g/L) than in group COPD Ⅰ(9.72?6.67 ?g/L)and controls(8.21?5.41 ?g/L, P