Research progress of medication treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is one of the leading causes of irreversible visual impairment worldwide, and the number of patients is increasing with the aging of the population, with dry ARMD accounting for about 90% of cases. Effective treatments for dry ARMD are currently lacking, making it a prominent area of research. Pharmacotherapy, targeting pathogenic factors such as oxidative damage, inflammation, and vascular issues contributing to ARMD, is one of the main treatments and some drugs have been shown to slow the progression of ARMD. This article reviews drug treatments for dry ARMD, including antioxidant drugs, complement biological agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants, vasodilators, neurotrophic drugs, as well as traditional Chinese medicine. It summarizes their mechanisms and recent clinical research to contribute valuable insights for the treatment of dry ARMD and the development of novel therapeutic agents.

Establishment and preliminary application of quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic nucleocapsid RNA / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To establish a rapid and specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic nucleocapsid RNA (SgN) in patients with COVID-19 or environmental samples. Methods: The qPCR assay was established by designing specific primers and TaqMan probe based on the SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence in Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database. The reaction conditions were optimized by using different annealing temperature, different primers and probe concentrations and the standard curve was established. Further, the specificity, sensitivity and repeatability were also assessed. The established SgN and genomic RNA (gRNA) qPCR assays were both applied to detect 21 environmental samples and 351 clinical samples containing 48 recovered patients. In the specimens with both positive gRNA and positive SgN, 25 specimens were inoculated on cells. Results: The primers and probes of SgN had good specificity for SARS-CoV-2. The minimum detection limit of the preliminarily established qPCR detection method for SgN was 1.5×102 copies/ml, with a coefficient of variation less than 1%. The positive rate of gRNA in 372 samples was 97.04% (361/372). The positive rates of SgN in positive environmental samples and positive clinical samples were 36.84% (7/19) and 49.42% (169/342), respectively. The positive rate and copy number of SgN in Wild strain were lower than those of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain. Among the 25 SgN positive samples, 12 samples within 5 days of sampling time were all isolated with virus; 13 samples sampled for more than 12 days had no cytopathic effect. Conclusion: A qPCR method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 SgN has been successfully established. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of this method are good.

Epidemiological investigation on the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-Tech Zone caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant / 中华预防医学杂志

This study collected epidemic data of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou from January 1 to January 20 in 2022. The epidemiological characteristics of the local epidemic in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were analyzed through epidemiological survey and big data analysis, which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Delta variant. In detail, a total of 276 close contacts and 599 secondary close contacts were found in this study. The attack rate of close contacts and secondary close contacts was 5.43% (15/276) and 0.17% (1/599), respectively. There were 10 confirmed cases associated with the chain of transmission. Among them, the attack rates in close contacts of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth generation cases were 20.00% (5/25), 17.86% (5/28), 0.72% (1/139) and 14.81% (4/27), 0 (0/57), respectively. The attack rates in close contacts after sharing rooms/beds, having meals, having neighbor contacts, sharing vehicles with the patients, having same space contacts, and having work contacts were 26.67%, 9.10%, 8.33%, 4.55%, 1.43%, and 0 respectively. Collectively, the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone has an obvious family cluster. Prevention and control work should focus on decreasing family clusters of cases and community transmission.

Effect of patient decision aids on choice between sugammadex and neostigmine in surgeries under general anesthesia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial / 대한마취과학회지

Background@#Shared decision making using patient decision aids (PtDAs) was established over a decade ago, but few studies have evaluated its efficacy in Asian countries. We therefore evaluated the application of PtDAs in a decision conflict between two muscle relaxant reversal agents, neostigmine and sugammadex, and sequentially analyzed the regional differences and operating room turnover rates. @*Methods@#This multicenter, outcome-assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial included 3,132 surgical patients from two medical centers admitted between March 2020 and August 2020. The patients were randomly divided into the classical and PtDA groups for pre-anesthesia consultations. Their clinicodemographic characteristics were analyzed to identify variables influencing the choice of reversal agent. On the day of the pre-anesthesia consultation, the patients completed the four SURE scale (sure of myself, understand information, risk-benefit ratio, encouragement) screening items. The operating turnover rates were also evaluated using anesthesia records. @*Results@#Compared with the classical group, the PtDA group felt more confident about receiving sufficient medical information (P < 0.001), felt better informed about the advantages and disadvantages of the medications (P < 0.001), exhibited a superior understanding of the benefits and risks of their options (P < 0.001), and felt surer about their choice (P < 0.001). Moreover, the PtDA group had a significantly greater tendency to choose sugammadex over neostigmine (P < 0.001). @*Conclusions@#PtDA interventions in pre-anesthesia consultations provided surgical patients with clear knowledge and better support. PtDAs should be made available in other medical fields to enhance shared clinical decision-making.

Cerebral Edema in Patients with severe Hemispheric Syndrome: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes—Data from SITS-ISTR / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose Cerebral edema (CED) in ischemic stroke can worsen prognosis and about 70% of patients who develop severe CED die if treated conservatively. We aimed to describe incidence, risk factors and outcomes of CED in patients with extensive ischemia. @*Methods@#Oservational study based on Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke-International Stroke Treatment Registry (2003–2019). Severe hemispheric syndrome (SHS) at baseline and persistent SHS (pSHS) at 24 hours were defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) >15. Outcomes were moderate/severe CED detected by neuroimaging, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and death at 90 days. @*Results@#Patients (n=8,560) presented with SHS and developed pSHS at 24 hours; 82.2% received intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), 10.5% IVT+thrombectomy, and 7.3% thrombectomy alone. Median age was 77 and NIHSS 21. Of 7,949 patients with CED data, 3,780 (47.6%) had any CED and 2,297 (28.9%) moderate/severe CED. In the multivariable analysis, age 128.5 mg/dL (RR, 1.21), and decreased level of consciousness (RR, 1.14) were associated with moderate/severe CED (for all P<0.05). Patients with moderate/severe CED had lower odds to achieve functional Independence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.55) and higher odds of death at 90 days (aOR, 2.54; 95% CI, 2.14 to 3.02). @*Conclusions@#In patients with extensive ischemia, the most important predictors for moderate/ severe CED were age <50, high blood glucose, signs of acute infarct, hyperdense artery on baseline scans, and decreased level of consciousness. CED was associated with worse functional outcome and a higher risk of death at 3 months.

Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibody among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the seroprevalence and influencing factors of serum neutralizing antibodies among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, so as to provide the evidence for developing the health management and COVID-19 vaccination strategy among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.@*Methods@#Recovered SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from January 1st, 2020 to February 10th, 2021 in Zhejiang Province were recruited in March 2021. Participants' demographics, underlying diseases, date of definitive diagnosis and severity of clinical symptoms were collected using questionnaire surveys, and serum neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 was detected using a fluorescent immunoassay. In addition, factors affecting the seropositivity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 559 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals were enrolled, including 480 confirmed cases and 79 asymptomatic carriers, with an median (interquartile range) age of 47.00 (22.00) years, and all participants had never received COVID-19 vaccination. The median (interquartile range) duration from diagnosis to serum sampling was 387.00 (11.00) days, and the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 was 83.90%. The serum neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 was all positive 9 months after diagnosis, and the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 appeared no tendency towards a decline with time within 14 months after diagnosis (P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that women were 1.892 times (95%CI: 1.169-3.064) more likely to produce serum neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 than men, and mild, common and severe/critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected cases were 2.438 (95%CI: 1.305-4.557), 4.481 (95%CI: 2.318-8.663), and 23.525 (95%CI: 2.990-185.068) times more likely to produce serum neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 than asymptomatic carrier, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The seroprevalence of neutralizing antibody was 100.00% among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals within 9 months after diagnosis. Individuals' gender and severity of clinical symptoms correlate with the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2.

Inhibitory effect of three strains of biocontrol microbes on pathogens causing rhizome rot of Polygonatum cyrtonema / 中国中药杂志

Rhizome rot is one of the main disease in the cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema, and it is also a global disease which seriously occurs on the perennial medicinal plants such as Panax notoginseng and P. ginseng. There is no effective control method at present. To identify the effects of three biocontrol microbes(Penicillium oxalicum QZ8, Trichoderma asperellum QZ2, and Brevibacillus amyloliquefaciens WK1) on the pathogens causing rhizome rot of P. cyrtonema, this study verified six suspected pathogens for their pathogenicity on P. cyrtonema. The result showed that Fusarium sp. HJ4, Colletotrichum sp. HJ4-1, and Phomopsis sp. HJ15 were the pathogens of rhizome rot of P. cyrtonema, and it was found for the first time that Phomopsis sp. could cause rhizome rot P. cyrtonema. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of biocontrol microbes and their secondary metabolites on three pathogens were determined by confrontation culture. The results showed that the three tested biocontrol microbes significantly inhibited the growth of three pathogens. Moreover, the secondary metabolites of T. asperellum QZ2 and B. amyloliquefaciens WK1 showed significant inhibition against the three pathogens(P<0.05), and the effect of B. amyloliquefaciens WK1 sterile filtrate was significantly higher than that of high tempe-rature sterilized filtrate(P<0.05). B. amyloliquefaciens WK1 produced antibacterial metabolites to inhibit the growth of pathogens, and the growth inhibition rate of its sterile filtrate against three pathogens ranged from 87.84% to 93.14%. T. asperellum QZ2 inhibited the growth of pathogens through competition and antagonism, and P. oxalicum QZ8 exerted the inhibitory effect through competition. The research provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of rhizome rot of P. cyrtonema and provides a basis for the di-sease control in other crops.

Screening and promoting effect of grow-promoting fungi in rhizosphere of Angelica dahurica var. formosana / 中国中药杂志

Excessive application of chemical fertilizer has caused many problems in Angelica dahurica var. formosana planting, such as yield decline and quality degradation. In order to promote the green cultivation mode of A. dahurica var. formosana and explore rhizosphere fungus resources, the rhizosphere fungi with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, iron-producing carrier, and IAA-producing properties were isolated and screened in the rhizosphere of A. dahurica var. formosana from the genuine and non-genuine areas, respectively. The strains were identified comprehensively in light of the morphological characteristics and ITS rDNA sequences, and the growth-promoting effect of the screened strains was verified by pot experiment. The results showed that 37 strains of growth-promoting fungi were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere of A. dahurica var. formosana, mostly belonging to Fusarium. The cultured rhizosphere growth-promoting fungi of A. dahurica var. formosana were more abundant and diverse in the genuine producing areas than in the non-genuine producing areas. Among all strains, Aspergillus niger ZJ-17 had the strongest growth promotion potential. Under the condition of no fertilization outdoors, ZJ-17 inoculation significantly promoted the growth, yield, and accumulation of effective components of A. dahurica var. formosana planted in the soil of genuine and non-genuine producing areas, with yield increases of 73.59% and 37.84%, respectively. To a certain extent, it alleviated the restriction without additional fertilization on the growth of A. dahurica var. formosana. Therefore, A. niger ZJ-17 has great application prospects in increasing yield and quality of A. dahurica var. formosana and reducing fertilizer application and can be actually applied in promoting the growth of A. dahurica var. formosana and producing biofertilizer.

Practice and exploration of the interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine, science, engineering and liberal art of a university affiliated hospital based on bibliometric analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Through the statistics and comparison of SCI papers jointly published by the hospital investigators and university scholars, this paper aims to provide a reference for the next step of interdisciplinary research cooperation in ″medicine, science, engineering and liberal art″.Methods:The collaborative SCI papers were searched from the Science Citation Index expanded (SCIE) database, basic information of the cooperative papers were collected. Taking into consideration of the time spots that 3 years before (2015-2017) and after (2018-2020) when the hospital became affiliated to the university. The number of the paper, paper quality, author's basic information, hospital disciplines and the distribution of department/unit in the university were analyzed.Results:The number of the collaborative papers has increased from 23 to 131. There are statistical significance in both the personnel situations and the qualifications to supervise postgraduate students of the authors. The number of the related hospital departments has increased from 7 to 22, and the number of the universities′ unit increased from 3 to 10.Conclusions:After becoming the university affiliated hospital, the interdisciplinary collaborations in medicine, science, engineering and liberal art have already made some achievements, the breadth and depth of cooperation have been continuously expanded, which is related to the various policies implemented by the hospital and the advantages of interdisciplinary collaboration in resource sharing.

Analysis of Therapeutic Effect of Infliximab on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Associated With Extra-intestinal Manifestations / 胃肠病学

Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing yearly, some of the IBD patients have extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), and EIM has impact on the treatment of IBD. Aims: To summarize the clinical characteristics of IBD patients associated with EIM, and evaluate the therapeutic effect of infliximab (IFX). Methods: The clinical data of IBD patients associated with EIM from January 2010 to December 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, and the therapeutic effect of IFX was investigated. Results: In 811 patients with IBD, 50 (6.17%) patients had EIM. The commonly seen EIM was arthritis (78.00%) and erythema nodosum (26.00%); 52.00% had one EIM; 68.42% of UC patients with EIM involved E3, and 50.00% of CD patients with EIM involved L3. A total of 21 patients received IFX treatment, 2 weeks after medication, HB and ALB significantly increased, while ESR, CRP and PLT significantly decreased. Twenty⁃two weeks after medication, 83.33% of UC patients turned mild, and 70.00% of CD patients entered the remission phase. After the use of IFX, the first disappearance time of arthritis was significantly decreased when compared with those without using IFX (2.50 days vs. 10.50 days, P<0.05). The median time for the first disappearance of arthritis in patients with elevated CRP was significantly decreased than in patients with normal CRP (3.00 days vs. 9.00 days, P<0.05). Conclusions: Arthritis and erythema nodosum are common EMI in patients with IBD, and the treatment with IFX can significantly shorten the time of the first disappearance of some EIM.

Developments of specialized pro-resolving mediators in periodontitis / 华西口腔医学杂志

Resolution of inflammation plays an important part in maintaining homeostasis. It is an actively programmed progress involving multiple immune cells and mediators. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids include resolvins, protectins and maresins, and they exert abilities in the resolution of inflammation, host defense, organ protection, and tissue generation. Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease in the periodontal tissue initiated by dental plaque. Inadequate proinflammatory or proresolving responses, or the imbalance between the two, may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Studies have shown that activating specialized receptors SPMs displayed multiple biological effects towards periodontitis, including resolution of inflammation, alveolar bone protection, periodontal tissue regeneration, and pathogen resistance. Thus, the relationship between SPM and periodontitis and the potentials and challenges in SPM application were reviewed.

Shenling Baizhu Powder () Ameliorates Pi (Spleen)-Deficiency-Induced Functional Diarrhea in Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of Pi (Spleen)-deficiency-induced functional diarrhea (FD) model rats treated by Shenling Baizhu Powder (, SBP).@*METHODS@#Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including control, model, low-, medium-, and high-dose SBP groups (SBPLDG, SBPMDG, SBPHDG), 6 rats in each group, respectively. Pi-deficiency-induced FD rats model was developed through Radix et Rhizoma Rhei gavage for 7 days. After modeling, the rats were treated with 3 doses of SBP [0.93, 1.86, and 3.72 g/(kg·d)], and the rats in the control and model groups were given pure water for 7 days. The diarrhea index was calculated. On the 7th and 14th days, the traveled distance of rat was measured by the open field test. Serum D-xylose content was determined by the phloroglucinol method and interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The content of Treg cells was determined by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the diarrhea index and IL-17 level in the model group were significantly higher and the total exercise distance and D-xylose content significantly decreased (P>0.05). The expression of IL-10 in the SBPHDG group was significantly up-regulated, and serum D-xylose level and Treg cells increased significantly compared with the model group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#High-dose SBP exhibited ameliorating effects against Pi-deficiency induced FD, which might be attributed to its modulations on intestinal absorption function as well as adaptive immunity in mesenteric lymph nodes of rat.

Correlation Analysis of " Toxin Damaging Brain Collaterals" from Glymphatic System / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The collaterals are branches of the meridians and vessels system, and have the roles of connecting upper-lower and interior-exterior portions of the body, the characteristics of two-way flow in supporting the operation of Qi and blood, and the functions of material exchange and metabolism. The brain is the intersection of the Yang meridians. Crisscross brain collaterals permeate Qi and blood to enrich the brain, and spread Yang Qi, in order to warm the brain-mind, and provide material basis and source power to the " brain governing mind" . Under pathological conditions, cerebral collaterals are blocked, and toxic pathogens are endogenous, resulting in " toxin damaging brain collaterals" . This theory is not only applied to the study of stroke pathogenesis, but also extended to other encephalopathy, such as dementia, which promoted the development of the theory of pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, a " glymphatic system" was discovered in the brain, which is an exchange flow system of cerebrospinal fluid-brain interstitial fluid mediated by astrocyte. The glymphatic system transports nutrients and neuroactive substances, such as glucose, lipids, electrolytes and apolipoprotein E in the cerebrospinal fluid, to brain tissue, and also removes metabolic products (such as lactic acid), soluble proteins (such as β-amyloid protein and Tau protein) from the brain and foreign bodies, which are important liquid flow systems that maintain the homeostasis of the brain. The discovery of the glymphatic system provides a new perspective for the study of pathological mechanism of neurological diseases, and may become a new target for interventions in neurological diseases, such as cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. As a widely distributed cerebral metabolic waste removal way and material delivery system, the lymphatic system may be the biological foundation of " brain collateral" disease, and a cross point of understanding on " toxin impairing brain collaterals" by Western and traditional Chinese medicine. The study based on the glymphatic system will give a more rational explanation on " toxic damage to brain collaterals" .

Transarterial Embolization versus Translumber Embolization for Type Ⅱ Endoleak after Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Meta-Analysis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective Type Ⅱ endoleak is the most common subtype of endoleak as a complication after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). The efficacy of transarterial (TA) embolization and translumber (TL) embolization in the management of type Ⅱ endoleak remains equipoise. The aim of this study is to compare the technical and clinical success between TA embolization and TL embolization for type Ⅱ endoleak after EVAR.Methods The protocol was registered (CRD 42018114453) and the electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane) were systematically searched till March 2019. The search terms included EVAR, type Ⅱ endoleak, and embolization. The articles were read and extracted by two authors independently to include randomized control trails and retrospective studies that compared TA embolization and TL embolization in patients who developed type Ⅱ endoleak after EVAR. The technical and clinical success rates were meta-analyzed with random effect model.Results A total of 6 articles with 268 patients and 290 type Ⅱ endoleaks were included. The pooled odds ratio () of technical success rate for TA . TL was 0.56 (95% , 0.10-3.18; =0.51) and the pooled of clinical success rate for TA TL was 0.31(95% , 0.07-1.29; =0.11). As a limitation, 6 articles were all retrospective studies which may lead to bias.Conclusion Both TA and TL could be effective procedure of embolizations to resolve the type Ⅱ endoleak. The meta-analysis result indicated that TA embolization was not inferior to TL embolization in technical success and clinical success.

Spectrum of thalassemia mutations in fetuses of Han and Li ethinicities in Hainan province, China

To analyze the frequency and spectrum of thalassemia mutations in amniotic fluid samples collected from Han and Li people in Hainan province of China. Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis on prenatal diagnosis of amniotic fluid samples collected from pregnant women who may have next generation with high risks of medium or severe thalassemia between 2005 and 2016. Diverse fetal thalassemia genotypes and mutated alleles in Han and Li people were analyzed and cmpared. Results: We examined 536 amniotic fluid samples from Han people and 588 from Li people, among which 406 Han and 500 Li samples were found to carry at least one thalassemia gene mutation, with a detection rate of 75.75% and 85.03%, respectively. Among all - and β-thalassemia mutant alleles detected, the most frequently found mutations in Han and Li samples were SEA-type of -thalassemia and 41/42 (-CTTT) of β-thalassemia, respectively. A total of 75 severe thalassemia cases were identified in Han samples and 53 in Li samples. In most of these severe cases, parents chose to terminate pregnancy after being informed of thalassemia-related risks. Conclusions: The thalassemia mutations shows ethnic and area specificity, and that prenatal diagnosis for high-risk thalassemia carrier pregnant women is an efficient approach to prevent and control the occurrence of severe thalassemia in the high-prevalence areas.

Relationship between driver gene mutation and clinicopathological features in 300 cases of non-small cell lung cancer based on next generation sequencing / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To explore the mutation characteristics of common driver genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with clinicopathological features.Methods Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect the mutations of common driving genes such as EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET and HER-2 in 300 paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues. Results In 300 patients with NSCLC, the mutation rates of EGFR, KRAS, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET, HER-2 were 52.00％, 10.33％, 6.67％, 1.67％, 3.67％, 3.33％, 1.00％, and 2.33％, respectively. A case of EGFR 21 exon L858 R mutation was combined with LINCO1446-EGFR gene fusion. EGFR 20 th exon C797 S and T790 M existed in cis or trans form and merged with EGFR sensitive mutations in 1 case each. 3 cases of EGFR gene point mutation was associated with MET gene copy number amplification. EGFR mutations were more commonly detected in non-smoking women with lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05).KRAS mutations were more commonly found in smoking men (P<0.05). ALK mutations were associated with age (P<0.05), and more commonly noted in patients younger than 60 years.ROS1 fusion mutations were associated with gender (P<0.05), more commonly detected in women. BRAF, MET, RET, and HER-2 gene mutations were not associated with gender, age, smoking, histological type, and c TNM stage. Conclusion EGFR can coexist with other driver gene mutations. Gene mutations and clinicopathological features like gender, age, smoking, and histological types have corresponding links. The incidence of BRAF, MET, RET, and HER-2 mutations is low, and its clinical significance remains to be explored. Coexisting gene mutations and rare mutations discovered by NGS should be taken seriously.

Research of Disclosure and Confidentiality of FDA Information in US / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the content and mechanism of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)in balancing information disclosure and confidentiality, and make recommendations for China. METHODS: The design and mechanism of information disclosure and confidentiality balance system has been explored from the development of FDA information disclosure and confidentiality. RESULTS: The United States has a strict legal and regulatory system. New drug application has series measures to ensure FDA balance information between disclosure and confidentiality, such as active disclosure, request for information and non-public information, FDA IT system security plan, CDER expert network information disclosure, review and confirming of confidentiality provisions in FDA published articles or public speeches. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that China introduce the information disclosure and confidentiality clause in upper law, establish information disclosure procedure, and adopt internal information security measures.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms and coronary artery disease / 中国实用内科杂志

Myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN) are high risk factors of atherosclerosis and arterial thromboembolism. This article gives a review on the incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of MPN with coronary artery disease, emphasizing the importance of knowing MPN as possible causes of acute cardiovascular events in patients, in order to help clinicians to learn about the disease and make a proper diagnosis and treatment.

An in vitro study on interaction of anisodine and monocrotaline with organic cation transporters of the SLC22 and SLC47 families / 中国天然药物

Current study systematically investigated the interaction of two alkaloids, anisodine and monocrotaline, with organic cation transporter OCT1, 2, 3, MATE1 and MATE2-K by using in vitro stably transfected HEK293 cells. Both anisodine and monocrotaline inhibited the OCTs and MATE transporters. The lowest IC was 12.9 µmol·L of anisodine on OCT1 and the highest was 1.8 mmol·L of monocrotaline on OCT2. Anisodine was a substrate of OCT2 (K = 13.3 ± 2.6 µmol·L and V = 286.8 ± 53.6 pmol/mg protein/min). Monocrotaline was determined to be a substrate of both OCT1 (K = 109.1 ± 17.8 µmol·L, V = 576.5 ± 87.5 pmol/mg protein/min) and OCT2 (K = 64.7 ± 14.8 µmol·L, V = 180.7 ± 22.0 pmol/mg protein/min), other than OCT3 and MATE transporters. The results indicated that OCT2 may be important for renal elimination of anisodine and OCT1 was responsible for monocrotaline uptake into liver. However neither MATE1 nor MATE2-K could facilitate transcellular transport of anisodine and monocrotaline. Accumulation of these drugs in the organs with high OCT1 expression (liver) and OCT2 expression (kidney) may be expected.

Analysis of Bacterial Flora Structure of Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage Due to Hyperactivity of Liver-Yang by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Technique / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the difference of intestinal flora between the patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang and the healthy population. Method: The fecal samples of 9 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang from the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou university of traditional Chinese medicine in 2018 were selected as observation group,and 6 stool samples from healthy subjects were selected as the control group.The total bacterial DNA was extracted from the two groups of samples,amplified according to the 16S rRNA V4 region,and paired-end sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform.The sequencing results were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis software.The flora composition and structure of the samples from two groups were compared. Result:Venn analysis of operational taxonomic units(OTU) showed significant difference in OTU numbers between the observation group and control group.Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) showed that there was a significant difference in the composition of intestinal flora between patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage and healthy subjects.On the analysis of species and abundance,at the classification level of phylum,compared with the control group,the ratio of relative abundance values of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes(F/B) in the observation group was significantly increased,and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly decreased(PPrevotella,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,Blautia and Acidaminococcus(PPBacteroides and Prevotella(B/P) in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group;at the classification level of species,there were significant differences between the two groups in P. copri,A. muciniphila,B. ovatus,B. fragilis and Ruminococcus callidus(PPConclusion:Acute cerebral hemorrhage due to hyperactivity of liver-Yang is associated with structural disorder of intestinal flora,which is closely related to the decrease in relative abundance of P. copri and A. muciniphila.