A diabetic foot classification model based on radiomics features of fundus photographs / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To construct a diabetic foot classification prediction model based on radiomics features of fundus photographs.Methods:A total of 2 035 fundus photographs of patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed at Nanfang Hospital between December 2011 and December 2018 were retrospectively collected [282 photographs from patients with diabetic foot(DF), and 1 753 from patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)]. All fundus photographs were randomly divided into a training set(1 424 photos) and a test set(611 photos) using a computer generated random number at 7∶3. After pre-processing the fundus photographs, a total of 4 128 texture features based on the gray matrix were extracted by the Radiomic toolkit, and 11 339 other features were extracted using the ToolboxDESC toolkit. The LASSO algorithm was used to select the 30 features most relevant to DF, and then the Bootstrap + 0.632 self-sampling method was used to further select the 7 best combinations. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the regression coefficients and establish the final diabetic foot classification prediction model. ROC curve was drawn, and AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the training and test sets were calculated to verify its prediction performance. Results:We screened 7 fundus radiomics markers for diabetic foot patients, and based on this established a DF/DM classification prediction model. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the model were 0.958 6, 0.984 0, 0.920 0, and 0.928 0 in the training set, and 0.927 1, 0.988 9, 0.881 0, and 0.896 9 in the test set, respectively.Conclusion:In this study, seven DF fundus markers were screened using radiomics technology. Based on this, a highly accurate and easy-to-use DF/DM classification model was constructed. This technology has the potential to increase the efficiency of DF screening programs.

Effect of dwell time deviation constraint on the three-dimensional brachytherapy plans for cervical cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of dwell time deviation constraint of inverse optimization on the quality and position error robustness of three-dimensional (3D) brachytherapy plans for cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 20 patients with cervical cancer receiving 3D brachytherapy treatment in Xiangya Hospital Central South University from August 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively selected. All plans were designed using the Eclipse treatment planning system, and the dwell time deviation constraint parameter smooth value in the system were set to 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00, respectively. An inverse dose volume optimization algorithm was used to generate plans with various smooth values, and the optimization conditions were the same as the original clinical plans. Key dosimetric metrics and total dwell time differences were comparatively analyzed. The applicators were intentionally subjected to position errors (0.2-1.0 cm) in 6 directions (left-right, anterior-posterior, head-foot), and the effect of various smooth values on plan quality and robustness was assessed. There were 133 plans per case and 2 660 plans for 20 patients. The results were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank nonparametric test.Results:As the smooth value was increased, the modulation factor was gradually decreased and the D 2 cm3 of the bladder and rectum was increased. Plans with smooth values of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 had modulation factors of 0.72±0.09, 0.63±0.08, 0.55±0.08, 0.51±0.06, respectively, lower than 0.75±0.05 of the plan with the smooth value of 0.00, and all differences were statistically significant ( P=0.004, 0.002, 0.002, 0.002). The bladder D 2 cm3 of plans with smooth values of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 were (475.4±41.0) cGy, (483.7±46.2) cGy, and (489.0±46.8) cGy, respectively, higher than (469.8±41.8) cGy of the plan with the smooth value of 0.00, with statistically significant differences (all P=0.002). The rectum D 2 cm3 of plans with smooth values of 0.50 and 0.75 plans were (413.2±93.3) cGy and (418.6±96.4) cGy, both higher than (410.2±91.5) cGy of the plan with the smooth value of 0.00, with statistically significant differences ( P=0.006, 0.010). When positional errors were introduced, the high risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) D 90% was close for different smooth plans at most positional errors, and the differences were not statistically significant. The organs at risk D 2 cm3 of plans with the smooth value of 0.00 was lower than those of plans with other smooth values, and for the bladder and rectum, the differences were statistically significant at most positional errors (all P<0.01). Conclusions:The dwell time deviation constraint parameter exerts significant effect on the plan quality, and the smaller the value of the constraint parameter, the higher quality of the plan. The dwell time deviation constraint parameter has slight impact on the positional error robustness of dosimetric indices of targets and key organs at risk.

A dosimetric study on off-target isocenter plans for stereotactic body radiotherapy of lung cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of off-target isocenter plans with different off-target distances on the plan quality and delivery accuracy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung cancer, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical plan design of SBRT for lung cancer.Methods:For 10 lung cancer patients treated with SBRT, isocenter reference plans were designed by setting the plan isocenters at the mass centers of tumors and 60 off-target isocenter plans by setting the isocenters at distances of 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 cm from the mass centers of tumors. The dosimetric differences between the off-target isocenter plans and the reference plans. Subsequently was analyzed, under different positional errors (0-5 mm). The gamma pass rates (GPRs) of these plans were measured using the Octavius 4D high-resolution dose verification system, and 240 verifications of these plans were completed. The robustness of the delivery accuracy of the reference plans and off-target isocenter plans were analyzed under different positional errors.Results:The off-target isocenter plans yielded slightly worse dose gradient indices than the isocenter reference plans, but there was no statistically significant differences. With an increase in the off-target distance, the mean lung dose (MLD), V20 of normal lungs, as well as the Dmax of bronchi, showed slight upward trends. Compared with the isocenter reference plans, the MLD of the off-target isocenter plans increased by 0.8%, 0.8%, and 1.9% at off-target distances of 1, 3, and 10 cm, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( z = -2.34 to -1.99, P < 0.05), and the V20 of the off-target isocenter plans increased by 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.7% at off-target distances of 1, 5, and 10 cm, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( z =-2.11 to -1.99, P < 0.05). In the case of a positional error of up to 5 mm, the GPRs of plans with off-target distances of 5 cm and above decreased by more than 1.0% on average and up to a maximum of 3.5%, showing statistically significant differences ( z = 2.13-2.75, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compared to the reference plans, the off-target isocenter plans showed slightly lower dosimetric quality and less robust delivery accuracy under different positional errors. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the plans and treatment with too large off-target distances (≥ 5 cm) as far as possible for SBRT of lung cancer.

A metaheuristics-based automatic planning method for intensity-modulated radiation therapy / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To establish a metaheuristics-based automatic radiotherapy treatment planning method (ATP-STAR) and verify its effectiveness.Methods:The main process of the ATP-STAR method was as follows. First, the optimization parameters were vectorized for encoding and corrected using Gaussian convolution. Then, the candidate optimization parameter vector set was selected through simulated annealing. Finally, the optimal combination of optimization parameters was determined by combining the field fluence optimization to achieve automatic trial-and-error. Twenty cases with large individual differences in tumors were selected for testing. Clinical physicists with more than five years of experience were invited to perform manual planning. Both the manual and ATP-STAR plans were made utilizing the matRad open source software for radiation treatment planning, with the fields and prescribed doses consistent with those of the clinical treatment plans. The dosimetric differences of target volumes and organs at risk between the ATP-STAR and manual plans for different diseases were analyzed.Results:For the target volumes, the ATP-STAR plans showed superior homogeneity compared with the manual plans (brain tumors: z = 2.28, P = 0.022; lung cancers: z = 2.29, P = 0.022; liver cancers: z = 2.11, P = 0.035). The conformability of the ATP-STAR plans was comparable to that of the manual plans for brain tumors and liver cancer and was slightly lower than that of the manual plans for lung cancer ( z = 2.29, P = 0.022). The comparison result of doses to organs at risk (OARs) between the manual plans and STAR plans were as follows. For OARs of brain tumors, the ATP-STAR plans decreased the mean left lens Dmean from 2.19 Gy to 1.76 Gy ( z = 2.28, P = 0.022), decreased left optic nerve Dmean from 11.36 Gy to 10.22 Gy ( z = 2.28, P = 0.022), decreased right optic nerve Dmax from 32.92 Gy to 29.97 Gy ( z = 2.10, P = 0.036), and decreased pituitary Dmax from 39.53 Gy to 35.21 Gy ( z = 2.29, P = 0.022). For OARs of lung cancer, the ATP-STAR plans decreased the mean spinal cord Dmax from 38.00 Gy to 31.17 Gy ( z = 2.12, P = 0.034), decreased the bilateral lungs Dmean from 8.51 Gy to 8.07 Gy ( z = 2.29, P = 0.022), and decreased cardiac Dmean from 3.21 Gy to 2.69 Gy ( z =2.29, P = 0.022). For OARs of liver cancer, the ATP-STAR plans decreased spinal cord Dmax from 18.19 Gy to 14.76 Gy ( z = 2.11, P = 0.035), decreased liver Dmean from 15.61 Gy to 14.45 Gy ( z = 2.11, P = 0.035), and decreased kidneys Dmean from 4.76 Gy to 4.04 Gy ( z = 2.10, P = 0.036). Conclusions:The proposed ATP-STAR method relies little on the experience of manual planning and thus is easy to be widely applied. This method is expected to improve the quality and consistency of IMRT plans and save clinical labor and time costs.

Evaluation of teaching effect of opening experiments on occupational health and occupational medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To carry out opening experiments on occupational health and occupational medicine for students majoring in preventive medicine, reform the experimental teaching mode, and explore the teaching methods to improve students' professional quality and scientific research ability.Methods:Opening experiments were carried out in the experimental course of occupational health and occupational medicine for students of preventive medicine major. A total of 147 students majoring in preventive medicine of Batch 2016 were classified as the control group, and the routine confirmatory experiment was carried out in the group; 176 students majoring in preventive medicine of Batch 2017 were classified as the experimental group, and this group carried out opening experiment. The evaluation was made from three aspects: comprehensive evaluation results, teacher self-evaluation and student satisfaction survey. SPSS 22.0 software was used for analysis and comparison by independent-samples t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The theoretical scores of the experimental group and the control group students were (84.37±10.45) vs. (81.44±9.22) ( t=2.68, P=0.008), and the experimental skills scores were (93.66±3.89) vs. (88.41±5.67) ( t=9.51, P<0.001). Questionnaire investigation showed that the students in the opening experimental group were more satisfied with the courses arrangement ( χ2=8.31, P=0.004), group cooperation ( χ2=21.10, P<0.001), assessment form ( χ2 =7.92, P=0.005), improvement of the writing ability of scientific research papers ( χ2 =17.56, P<0.001), improvement of practical skills ( χ2=11.70, P=0.001), logical thinking, language organization and expression ability ( χ2=10.33, P=0.001). They considered the opening experiment was helpful to cultivate innovative thinking and ability, but it had limited effect on the cultivation of employment advantages. And the students considered the opening experiments of setting up professional courses was sufficient and necessary. Conclusion:Carrying out opening experiments for students majoring in preventive medicine is helpful to improve students' professional quality and cultivate their practical ability and scientific research ability.

ffects of Zuogui Pills on kidney-yin deficiency syndrome of premature ovarian insufficiency rats / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study the effects of Zuogui Pills on rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome of premature ovarian insufficiency.Methods:Totally 40 SD female unmated rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Zuogui Pills group and Bujiale group, with 10 rats in each group. Except for blank group, rats in other groups were subcutaneously injected with ZP3 and gavaged with levothyroxine sodium to induce kidney-yin deficiency syndrome model of premature ovarian insufficiency. At the same time of modeling, Zuogui Pills group and Bujiale group received corresponding drugs for gavage, and the other groups received corresponding solvent for gavage, once a day, for consecutive 21 days. On day 0, 7, 14 and 21, ear temperature and body weight of rats were measured, and the ovarian index, uterus index and thyroid index were calculated. Serum levels of adenosine cyclic phosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP), Cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E 2) were detected by ELISA. Pathological changes of ovary was observed with HE staining. Results:On day 14 and 21, compared with model group, the body weight of rats in Zuogui Pills group increased ( P<0.05), and the ear temperature decreased ( P<0.05); compared with model group, the ovarian index, uterine index and thyroid index of rats in Zuogui Pills group decreased ( P<0.05), the levels of serum cAMP/cGMP, cortisol, FSH and LH decreased ( P<0.05), and the level of E 2 increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Zuogui Pills have certain improvement effect on rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome induced by levothyroxine sodium tablets combined with ZP3.

Engineering and application of Komagataella phaffii as a cell factory / 生物工程学报

Nowadays, engineered Komagataella phaffii plays an important role in the biosynthesis of small molecule metabolites and protein products, showing great potential and value in industrial productions. With the development and application of new editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, it has become possible to engineer K. phaffii into a cell factory with high polygenic efficiency. Here, the genetic manipulation techniques and objectives for engineering K. phaffii are first summarized. Secondly, the applications of engineered K. phaffii as a cell factory are introduced. Meanwhile, the advantages as well as disadvantages of using engineered K. phaffii as a cell factory are discussed and future engineering directions are prospected. This review aims to provide a reference for further engineering K. phaffii cell factory, which is supposed to facilitate its application in bioindustry.

Physiological pharmacokinetic model of children and its application of modeling software / 药学学报

Developmental changes in children can affect drug disposition and clinical effects. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is a mathematical model that can be used to predict blood drug concentrations in children and gain insight into age-dependent physiological differences in drug disposition impact. Pediatric PBPK (P-PBPK) models have attracted attention over the past decade. With the concerted efforts of academia, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies, there are more and more examples of pediatric clinical studies using PBPK models. Nevertheless, the number of P-PBPK models and their predictive performance still lag behind adult models. By referring to the literature, we study the process of children adapting to adult absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters and analyze the general principles of P-PBPK model establishment. In addition, we summarize the functions and application examples of commonly used P-PBPK modeling software to provide a basis for the rational application of modeling software.

Research progress of intelligent reversible drug delivery system / 药学学报

In the research on cancer theranostics, most environment-sensitive drug delivery systems can only achieve unidirectional and irreversible responsive changes under pathological conditions, thereby improving the targeting effect and drug release performance of the delivery system. However, such irreversible changes pose potential safety hazards when the dynamically distributed delivery system returns to the blood circulation or transports to the normal physiological environment. Intelligent reversible drug delivery systems can respond to normal physiological and pathological microenvironments to achieve bidirectional and reversible structural changes. This feature will help to precisely control the drug release of the delivery system, prolong the blood circulation time, improve the targeting efficiency, and avoid the potential safety hazards of the irreversible drug delivery system. In this review, we describe the research progress of intelligent reversible drug delivery system from two main aspects: controlled drug release and prolonged blood circulation time/enhanced cellular internalization of drug.

Zuogui Pills and Yougui Pills in differential treatment of diminished ovarian reserve based on metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

Based on the metabolomics, this paper systematically analyzed the metabolic substance basis of Zuogui Pills and Yougui Pills in syndrome differentiation and treatment of diminished ovarian reserve(DOR), so as to provide a scientific basis for the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation and treatment of DOR. Patients with DOR of kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome were collected from outpatient department of hospitals and treated with Zuogui Pills for 12 weeks. And kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome were treated with Yougui Pills for 12 weeks. Based on the non-targeted metabolomic research techniques, the potential biomarkers of Zuogui Pills and Yougui Pills in the treatment of DOR with kidney-Yin deficiency and kidney-Yang deficiency, respectively, were screened out, and metabolic pathways of biomarkers were analyzed. The pregnancy rate, basic serum hormone levels [basal follicle-stimulating hormone(bFSH), basal-luteinizing hormone(bLH), basal-estradiol(bE_2), and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)], TCM syndrome type score, and Kupperman score were recorded and statistically analyzed after treatment. The results showed that 23 patients with DOR of kidney-Yin deficiency syndrome and 25 patients of kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome were collected. Twenty-six differential metabolites, including L-carnitine, acetyl-CoA, coenzyme A, and coenzyme Q_(10)(CoQ10), were mapped to 12 metabolic pathways in patients with kidney-Yin deficiency treated with Zuogui Pills. Twenty-two differential metabolites, such as adipoyl-CoA, L-lysine, lysine arginine, and α-tocopherol, were mapped to 11 metabolic pathways in patients with kidney-Yang deficiency. After treatment, bFSH and bLH of patients with DOR were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). Although the comparison of bE_2 and AMH had no significant differences, there was a improvement trend. The TCM syndrome type score and Kupperman score of patients with DOR after TCM treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).

Application of strigolactone analogs in storage of Gastrodia elata / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the preservation effect of strigolactone analogs on Gastrodia elata tubers and screened out the suitable preservation measures of G. elata to provide a safer and more effective method for its storage and preservation. Fresh G. elata tubers were treated with 7FGR24, 2,4-D isooctyl ester, and maleic hydrazide, respectively. The growth of flower buds, the activities of CAT, and MDA, and the content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were measured to compare the effects of different compounds on the storage and preservation of G. elata. The effects of different storage temperatures on the preservation of 7FGR24 were compared and analyzed. The gibberellin signal transduction receptor gene GeGID1 was cloned, and the effect of 7FGR24 on the expression level of GeGID1 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR). The toxicity of the G. elata preservative 7FGR24 was analyzed by intragastric administration in mice to evaluate its safety. The results showed that compared with 2,4-D isooctyl ester and maleic hydrazide, 7FGR24 treatment had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of G. elata flower buds, and the CAT enzyme activity of G. elata was the highest, indicating that its preservation effect was stronger. Different storage temperatures had different effects on the preservation of G. elata, and the preservation effect was the strongest at 5 ℃. The open reading frame(ORF) of GeGID1 gene was 936 bp in length, and its expression level was significantly down-regulated after 7FGR24 treatment, indicating that 7FGR24 may inhibit the growth of flower buds by inhibiting the gibberellin signal of G. elata, thereby exerting a fresh-keeping effect. Feeding preservative 7FGR24 had no significant effect on the behavior and physiology of mice, indicating that it had no obvious toxicity. This study explored the application of the strigolactone analog 7FGR24 in the storage and preservation of G. elata and preliminarily established a method for the storage and preservation of G. elata, laying a foundation for the molecular mechanism of 7FGR24 in the storage and preservation of G. elata.

Research progress in strigolactones and application prospect in medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

Strigolactones(SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoids derived from the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway with the core carbon skeleton consisting of tricyclic lactone(ABC tricyclic ring) and α,β-unsaturated furan ring(D ring). SLs are widely distributed in higher plants and are symbiotic signals between plants and Arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM), which play key roles in the evolution of plant colonizing terrestrial habitats. As a new type of plant hormone, SLs possess such important biological functions as inhibiting shoot branching(tillers), regulating root architecture, promoting secondary growth, and improving plant stress resistance. Therefore, SLs have attracted wide attention. The biological functions of SLs are not only closely related to the formation of "excellent shape and quality" of Chinese medicinal materials but also have important practical significance for the production of high-quality medicinal materials. However, SLs have been currently widely studied in model plants and crops such as Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, and few related studies have been reported on SLs in medicinal plants, which need to be strengthened. This review focused on the latest research progress in the isolation and identification, biological and artificial synthesis pathways, biosynthesis sites and transport modes, signal transduction pathways and mechanisms, and biological functions of SLs, and prospected the research on the regulation mechanism of SLs in the growth and development of medicinal plants and their related application on targeted regulation of Chinese herbal medicine production, which is expected to provide some references for the in-depth research on SLs in the field of Chinese medicinal resources.

The predictive value of warning scores for intensive care unit admission in coronavirus disease 2019 patients / 中华内科杂志

To evaluate the predictive value of early warning scores for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Shijiazhuang People's Hospital from January 2021 to February 2021, national early warning score (NEWS), national early warning score 2 (NEWS2), rapid emergency medicine score (REMS), quick sepsis-related organ failure (qSOFA), altered consciousness, blood urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age-65 (CURB-65) were used to evaluate the inpatient condition and the predictive value for ICU admission. A total of 368 patients were included, and 32 patients (8.7%) were transferred to the ICU. The median age was 49.0 (34.0,61.0) years. The scores of NEWS, NEWS2, REMS, and CURB-65 were 1 (0, 2), 1 (0, 2), 4 (2, 6) and 0 (0, 1), respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cure (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive value in detecting patients who are at risk of being transferred to the ICU. Area under the ROC AUC of NEWS was 0.756, sensitivity 65.6%, and specificity 71.3%. ROC AUC of NEWS2 was 0.732, sensitivity 62.5%, and specificity 61.3%. ROC AUC of REMS was 0.787, sensitivity 84.4%, and specificity 64.6%. ROC AUC of CURB-65 was 0.814, sensitivity 81.3%, and specificity 76.8%. The predictive value of NEWS and NEWS2 combined with age were significantly improved. The ROC AUC of NEWS combined with age was 0.885, sensitivity 85.1%, and specificity 75.0%. The ROC AUC of NEWS2 combined with age was 0.883, sensitivity 84.2%, and specificity 75.0%. NEWS and NEWS2 combined with age can be used as a predictive tool for whether COVID-19 patients will be admitted to the ICU.

Effects of exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts pretreated with sevoflurane on ventricular electrical conduction in isolated rat hearts subjected to hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion: a multi-electrode array mapping technique for measurement / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts pretreated with sevoflurane on ventricular electrical conduction in isolated rat hearts subjected to hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) using the multi-electrode array mapping technique.Methods:Primary cardiac fibroblasts were extracted by differential adhesion in SPF Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex.Cardiac fibroblasts of passage 2-4 were treated with 2.5% sevoflurane for 1 h, and then cultured for 24-48 h to extract exosome.SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 280-320 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), I/R group and sevoflurane-pretreated cardiac fibroblast-derived exosome+ IR group (group S+ IR). Hearts were perfused for 110-min equilibration in group C. After 20 min of equilibration, the perfusion was suspended for 60 min (global ischemia) followed by 30 min of reperfusion in IR and S+ IR groups.Exosomes 1 ml (200 μg) derived from cardiac fibroblasts pretreated with sevoflurane were injected through the tail vein at 48 h before surgery in group S+ IR, and the equal volume of normal saline was injected instead in C and IR groups.The cardiac conduction velocity (CV), conduction absolute inhomogeneity (P 5-95) and inhomogeneity index (P 5-95/P 50) were obtained at 20 min of equilibration (T 0) and 15 and 30 min of reperfusion (T 1, 2) using the microelectrode array attaching to the left ventricular surface of the isolated heart. Results:Compared with group C, CV was significantly decreased and P 5-95 and P 5-95/P 50 were increased at T 1 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found at T 2 in group S+ IR ( P>0.05), and CV was significantly decreased and P 5-95 and P 5-95/P 50 were increased at T 1, 2 in group IR ( P<0.05). Compared with group IR, CV was significantly increased and P 5-95 and P 5-95/P 50 were decreased at T 1, 2 in group S+ IR ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts pretreated with sevoflurane can improve ventricular electrical conduction in isolated rat hearts subjected to hypothermic I/R.

Research on KBP model refining method using multi-criterion optimization technology / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:Utilizing multi-criterion optimization (MCO) technology to improve plan design quality based on knowledge-based planning (KBP) model.Methods:Fifty-five patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who had completed radiotherapy were selected, and fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technology was used in each case. Among them, 40 cases were randomly selected as training set 1. Then, IMRT plans in training set 1 were preprocessed by MCO technology to construct a new training set 2. With the initial training set 1 and the processed training set 2 as training samples, the traditional KBP model and the MCO-KBP model refined by MCO technology were trained, respectively. Among the remaining 15 cases, 5 cases were randomly selected as the validation set, and the remaining 10 cases were used as the test set. After verification, the test set was used to statistically analyze the plan quality of the initial manual plan and the automatic plan generated by the traditional KBP model and the MCO-KBP model.Results:The target dose (D 95%) of plans generated by the traditional KBP model and the MCO-KBP model met the clinical requirements. Conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) were almost the same ( P>0.05), and the doses of organ at risk (OAR) of the automatic plans generated by the MCO-KBP model were lower than those of the traditional KBP model. For example, compared with the traditional KBP model, the average D max of the brainstem in the automatic plans generated by the MCO-KBP model was lower by 2.13 Gy, the average D mean of the left parotid gland was lower by 1.39 Gy, the average D mean of the right parotid gland was lower by 1.59 Gy, and the average D max of the left optic nerve was lower by 1.42 Gy, the average D max of the right optic nerve was lower by 1.16 Gy, and the average D max of the pituitary gland was lower by 1.88 Gy. All of the above-mentioned dosimetry indexes were statistically significant. Conclusion:Compared with the traditional KBP model, the IMRT plans designed by the refined MCO-KBP model have obvious advantages in the protection of OAR, which proves the feasibility of utilizing MCO technology to improve the plan design quality of the KBP model.

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma after sustained virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Methods:Patients with chronic HCV infection who were treated in Tianjin Second People′s Hospital from January 2012 to April 2019 were enrolled and the incidence of new HCC was retrospectively analyzed. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors for HCC.Results:Among the 644 patients with chronic HCV infection, 421 cases (65.4%) had chronic hepatitis C(CHC), 223 cases (34.6%) had hepatitis C cirrhosis, and 34 cases had new HCC. No patient without cirrhosis developed HCC. Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh grade B or above (hazard ratio ( HR)=6.050, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 2.658 to 13.771, P<0.001), drinking history ( HR=3.077, 95% CI 1.428 to 6.634, P=0.004), family history of cancer ( HR=2.376, 95% CI 1.155 to 4.888, P=0.019), age≥60 years old ( HR=3.301, 95% CI 1.563 to 6.974, P=0.002), controlled attenuation parameter>292 dB/m ( HR=3.842, 95% CI 1.543 to 9.565, P=0.004) were risk factors for HCC. Conclusions:Patients with CHC, especially cirrhosis, are still at risk of HCC post-SVR. HCC monitoring should be strengthened for individuals over 60 years of age, Child-Pugh grade B or above, with severe fatty liver disease, drinking history or family history of malignancy.

Current status of research on the role of fibronectin in the progression of posterior capsular opacification fibrosis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Posterior cataract opacification(PCO)is the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT)of residual lens epithelial cells(LECs)after cataract surgery, resulting in opaque scar which is one of the main complications of cataract surgery. A large amount of fibronectin(FN)produced by LECs after cataract surgery binds to a variety of cell surface receptors, matrix components and growth factors to regulate cell behavior. The purpose of this article is to review the literatures on the treatment of PCO targeting fibronectin and provide references for clinical treatment of PCO. In this paper, the research status of fibronectin in PCO in recent years is reviewed.

Effects of different densities of rat cardiac fibroblasts subjected to hypothermic hypoxia-reoxygenation on cardiomyocyte injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different densities of rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCF) subjected to hypothermic hypoxia-reoxygenation on cardiomyocyte injury and intercellular coupling.Methods:RCF was cultured in vitro and divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: RCF density 0.5×10 5 cells/ml group (T 0.5 group), RCF density 1.0×10 5 cells/ml group (T 1.0 group), and RCF density 2.0×10 5 cells/ml group (T 2.0 group). The three groups were placed in an anoxic device, into which 95% N 2 + 5% CO 2 was continuously blown at the speed of 5 L/min for 15 min, and then placed in a 4 ℃ refrigerator for 1 h for low temperature treatment.After completion of culture, cells were placed in a incubator containing 95% air + 5% CO 2 at 37 ℃ for 4 h of reoxygenation.After the end of culture, RCF in three groups were indirectly co-cultured with cardiomyocytes of the same density (1.0×10 5 cells/ml) in a Transwell chamber for 16 h, cardiomyocytes were seeded in the lower chamber of Transwell, and RCF were seeded in the upper chamber of Transwell.After the end of co-culture, cardiomyocytes were collected for determination of the cell viability (by CCK8 method), apoptosis rate (by flow cytometry), expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA (by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction), and expression of Cx43 and phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with T 0.5 group, the cell viability, apoptosis rate and expression of Cx43, p-Cx43 and Cx43 mRNA were significantly decreased in T 1.0 and T 2.0 groups ( P<0.01). Compared with T 1.0 group, the cell viability, apoptosis rate and expression of Cx43 and p-Cx43 were significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and no significant change was found in expression of Cx43 mRNA in cardiomyocytes in T 2.0 group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:RCF subjected to hypothermic hypoxia-reoxygenation induces cardiomyocyte injury in a density-dependent manner in a certain range, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of the expression of Cx43 and reduction of the activity of Cx43.

Effect of rat cardiac fibroblasts on expression of Cx43 in H9c2 cells during hypothermic hypoxia/reoxygenation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCF) on the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) in H9c2 cells during hypothermic hypoxia/reoxygenation.Methods:H9c2 cells cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups ( n=12 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C), hypothermic hypoxia/reoxygenation group (group HHR), RCF co-culture group (group Co) and RCF co-culture plus hypothermic hypoxia/reoxygenation group (group Co+ HHR). Group C was incubated at 37℃ in 5% CO 2 + 95% air for 5 h. Group HHR was incubated at 4 ℃ in 5% CO 2 + 95% N 2 for 1 h and then at 37 ℃ in 5% CO 2 + 95% air for 4 h. In group Co and group Co+ HHR, H9c2 cells 0.3×10 5 cells/well were inoculated in the lower chamber and RCF 0.6×10 5 cells/well in the the upper chamber of a transwell ? culture dish.Group Co was incubated at 37 ℃ in 5% CO 2 + 95% air for 5 h. Group Co+ HHR was incubated at 4℃ in 95% N 2 + 5% CO 2 for 1 h, and then incubated at 37 ℃ in 5% CO 2 + 95% air for 4 h. The mortality rate of H9c2 cells was measured by trypan blue staining, the expression of Cx43 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) by immunofluorescence, and the expression of Cx43, phosphorylated Cx43, ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the mortality rate of H9c2 cells was significantly increased, the expression and phosphorylation of Cx43 were decreased, and the expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were increased in group HHR ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the mortality rate of H9c2 cells or expression and phosphorylation of Cx43 and ERK1/2 in group Co ( P>0.05). Compared with group Co, the mortality rate of H9c2 cells was significantly increased, and the expression and phosphorylation of Cx43 and ERK1/2 were decreased in group Co+ HHR ( P<0.05). Compared with group HHR, the mortality rate of H9c2 cells was significantly increased, and the expression and phosphorylation of Cx43 and ERK1/2 were decreased in group Co+ HHR ( P<0.05). Conclusions:RCFs can decrease the expression and activity of Cx43 in H9c2 cells during hypothermic hypoxia/reoxygenation, and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of ERK1/2 expression and inhibition of ERK1/2 activity.

Application and basic application process of MR accelerator in lung cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Radiotherapy is one of the most important components of cancer treatment. Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is the mainstream tool in the precision radiation oncology. Magnetic resonance (MR) accelerator can perform MRI for tumors during radiotherapy, deliver real-time tracing and monitoring of tumors and thus realize the MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy. Here, the latest research status and clinical application of MR accelerator in lung cancer were reviewed.