Analysis of clinical characteristics of 35 inflammasomopathies cases / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of inflammasomopathies, enhance the recognition of those diseases, and help to establish the early diagnosis. Methods: The clinical manifestations including fever, rash, systems involvement as well as laboratory results and genotypic characteristics of 35 children with inflammasomopathies diagnosed by the Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 35 cases of inflammasomopathies were diagnosed, and 20 of them were boys while 15 were girls. Inflammasomopathies patients have early onset, the age of onset as well as diagnostic age were 1 (0,7) and 7 (3,12), respectively. Among those patients, 10 had familial mediterranean fever, 3 had mevalonate kinase deficiency, 15 cases had NLRP3 gene associated autoinflammatory disease, 4 cases had NLRP12-associated autoinflammatory disease, 2 cases had familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3, and 1 case had familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 4. A total of 34 cases (97%) showed recurrent fever, 27 cases (77%) had skin rashes, while 11 cases (31%), 10 cases (29%), and 8 cases (23%) were presented with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and growth retardation, respectively. In terms of systemic involvement, there were 18 cases (51%), 12 cases (34%), 8 cases (23%), and 5 cases (14%) with skeletal, neurological, auditory, and renal involvement, respectively. Central nervous system involvement was seen only in NLRP3 gene associtated autoinflammatory diseases (12 cases), sensorineural deafness was seen in NLRP3 gene associtated autoinflammatory diseases (6 cases) and NLRP12 gene associated autoinflammatory diseases (2 cases), and abdominal pain was observed in familial Mediterranean fever (5 cases), mevalonate kinase deficiency (1 case) and NLRP12 gene related autoinflammatory diseases (1 case). In the acute inflammatory phase, the acute phase reactants (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) of 35 cases (100%) were significantly increased. There were 21 cases received ferritin examination, and only 4 cases (19%) showed an increase of it. In terms of autoantibodies, among all 35 patients, 4 cases (11%) were positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Conclusions: Fever, skin rash, and skeletal manifestations are the most common clinical features, accompanied with increased CRP and ESR, and negative results of autoantibodies such as ANA. The clinical manifestations of those diseases are complex and diverse, and it is prone to delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical features and TTC21B genotype of a child with nephronophthisis type 12 / 中国当代儿科杂志

Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a group of autosomal recessive tubulointerstitial cystic kidney disorders. This article reports a case of NPHP type 12 caused by TTC21B mutations. The girl had an insidious onset, with moderate proteinuria, renal dysfunction, stage 2 hypertension, situs inversus, and short phalanges when she visited the hospital for the first time at the age of 3 years and 6 months. The renal lesions progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) before she was 4 years old. Urine protein electrophoresis showed glomerular proteinuria. There were significant increases in urinary β2-microglobulin and α1-microglobulin. Gene detection revealed two compound heterozygous mutations, c.1552T>C (p.C518R) and c.752T>G (p.M251R), in the TTC21B gene, which came from her father and mother respectively. The c.752T>G mutation was a novel mutation. It is concluded that besides typical tubular changes of NPHP, marked glomerular damage is also observed in patients with TTC21B gene mutations.

Multi-center Study of Enteral Feeding Practices in Hospitalized Late Preterm Infants in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the current enteral feeding practices in hospitalized late preterm infants in the Beijing area of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted. Infants born after 34 weeks and before 37 weeks of gestation were enrolled from 25 hospitals in the Beijing area of China from October 2015 to October 2017. Data on enteral feeding practices were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1,463 late preterm infants were enrolled, with a mean gestational age (GA) of 35.6 (34.9, 36.1) weeks. The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.5% at the initiation of enteral feeding but increased to 14.4% at discharge. When human milk was not available, most infants (46.1%) were fed with preterm infant formula. The rate of exclusive human milk feeding in infants born at 34 weeks gestation was higher than at discharge (21.1% of infants born at 34 weeks' GA versus 12.1% of infants born at 35 weeks' GA versus 12.3% of infants born at 36 weeks' GA, P < 0.001). Only 28.4% of late preterm infants achieved full enteral feeding at discharge, and only 19.2% achieved 120 kcal/(kg•d) by enteral feeding at discharge. Importantly, 40.5% of infants did not regain the birth weight at discharge.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Enteral feeding support of late preterm infants has not been standardized to achieve optimal growth. Moreover, the human milk feeding rate was low, and many late preterm infants did not achieve the goal of enteral feeding and failed to regain birth weight at the time of discharge. More aggressive enteral feedings protocols are needed to promote human milk feeding and optimize growth for late preterm infants.</p>

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 3-alkoxy-4-[4- [hexyloxy/heptyloxy]phenyl]-4H-1,2,4 -triazole

A series of 3-alkoxy-4-[4-[hexyloxy/heptyloxy] phenyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole was synthesized. The anticonvulsant effect and neurotoxicity of the compounds were calculated with maximal electroshock [MES] test and rotarod tests with intraperitoneally injected mice. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 3-heptyloxy-4-[4-[hexyloxy] phenyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole [5f] was the most active one and also had the lowest toxicity. In the anti-MES potency test, it showed median effective dose [ED[50]] of 37.3 mg/Kg, median toxicity dose [TD[50]] of 422.5 mg/Kg, and the protective index [PI] of 11.3 which is much greater than the reference drug carbamazepine with PI value of 6.4. As well as demonstrating the anti-MES efficacy of compound 5f, its potency against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and bicuculline were also established, with the results suggesting that GABA-mediated mechanisms might be involved in its anticonvulsant activity, such as enhancing of GABAergic neurotransmission or activity, activate GAD or inhibit GABA-T, and GABA[A]-mediated mechanisms

Effect of atorvastatin on serum oxidative stress and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide expression in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on serum oxidative stress and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide expression in rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group (Group A, n=10, saline 5 mL/d), ischemia-reperfusion group (Group B, n=10, saline 5 mL/d), atorvastatin group (Group C, n=10, atorvastatin 20 mg/kg · d), atorvastatin + N-amino-arginine group (Group D, n=10, atorvastatin 20 mg/kg · d + N-amino arginine 15 mg/kg). Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion rat model was established after 3 days of gavage. N-amino arginine 15 mg/kg was given by tail vein injection 15 min before ischemia. After reperfusion, enzymology indicators such us creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase and the oxidative stress parameters such as nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), and n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#LDH and CK levels of group A were significantly lower than the other three groups, and group B was the highest. There was significant difference between group B and group C (P0.05). MDA levels in group B were significantly higher than the other three groups. The lowest was group A, followed by group C, the difference among groups was significantly (P<0.05). TSOD and NO levels in group B was the lowest, the level in group A was the highest, followed by group C, the difference among groups was significant (P<0.05). NT-proBNP level in group B was significantly higher than the other three groups, the lowest was group A, followed by group C, the difference among groups was significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Atorvastatin has a protective effect on the myocardial injury in the myocardial ischemia and reperfusion rats. It can increase NO synthesis and decrease MDA content, increase serum TSOD activity and the oxidative stress effect, meanwhile protect myocardial cells and reduce myocardial injury.

Effects of intraocular pressure drop for two kinds of aqueous humor drainage implant devices / 医用生物力学

Objective To observe and compare the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) drop on using two kinds of aqueous drainage device implantation. Methods Forty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were chosen for the experiments. According to different implant devices, they were divided into NADI (new aqueous drainage implant) group and Ahmed group respectively, with 20 rabbits in each. Results Neither group appeared shallow anterior chamber after operation. At 8th week after operation, the postoperative IOP of NADI group and Ahmed group was decreased by 19.4% and 15.7%, respectively, as compared to the preoperative IOP. Statistical comparison showed that there were significant differences in IOP between two groups within 8 weeks (P＜0.05), and the IOP of NADI group was decreased more significantly than that of Ahmed group. Conclusions The IOP in NADI group was reduced more than that in Ahmed group, and such IOP drop was maintained for a longer period in NADI group, which means that NADI has an obvious IOP drop effect and good prospect in clinical application.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of rabbit eye vessels based on X-ray phase contrast imaging technique / 医用生物力学

Objective To establish a three-dimensional (3D) visualization model for the vessel system of rabbit eyes using X-ray phase contrast imaging（XPCI）technique, and observe the morphological characteristics of iris vessels of the rabbit eyes. Methods Angiography on vessels of the New Zealand rabbit eyes was conducted using Barium sulfate as the contrast medium. The projected images of in vitro rabbit eye samples with high precision were obtained by XPCI technique, and then converted to tomography images by filter back projection. The 3D reconstruction of the rabbit eyes was completed by commercial visualization software Amira 5.2.2. Results The main blood vessels of the rabbit eyes were clear and coherent in the projection images, and the distribution and trend of some small vessels could be observed, with the smallest distinguishable blood vessel diameter being about 10 μm. The 3D model for vessel network of the rabbit eyes was built after 3D reconstruction of CT scan images. The major arterial circle of the iris could be observed at level 4 branch structure of vessels in the fundus, and the minimum diameter of vessels that could be identified was 40 μm. Conclusions The vessels of the rabbit eyes can be clearly observed and 3D visualization of vessel network can be constructed by using XPCI technique, which would provide basis for the analysis on hemodynamics of blood vessels in the eye and reference for the clinical study of glaucoma.

Meta-analysis of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

There have been numerous studies done to explore the diagnostic performance of quantitative diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging to differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatic masses. However, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether DW-MR imaging can differentiate between these two diseases. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were utilized to find relevant articles published between January 2001 and January 2014. A Stata version 12.0 and a Meta-Disc version 1.4 were used to describe primary results. Twelve studies with 594 patients, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DW imaging was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.93) respectively. The area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.96). The results indicated that DW imaging might be a valuable tool for differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses.

Macronutrients and energy in milk from mothers of premature infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the dynamic changes in macronutrients and energy in human milk from mothers of premature infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 339 human milk samples were collected from 170 women who delivered preterm or full-term infants in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital between November 2012 and January 2014. Macronutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates and energy were measured using a MIRIS human milk analyzer and compared between groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In milk samples from premature infants' mothers, the protein levels were the highest in colostrum (2.22±0.49 g/dL), less in transitional milk (1.83±0.39 g/dL), and the least in mature milk (1.40±0.28 g/dL) (P<0.01), and the levels of fats (2.4±1.3 g/dL vs 3.1±1.1 g/dL; P<0.01), carbohydrates (6.4±0.9 g/dL vs 6.6±0.4 g/dL; P<0.05) and energy (55±9 kcal/dL vs 62±8 kcal/dL; P<0.01) were significantly lower in colostrum than in transitional milk. The protein levels in colostrum from premature infants' mothers were significantly higher than those in colostrum from term infants' mothers (2.22±0.49 g/dL vs 2.07±0.34 g/dL; P<0.05). The colostrum from mothers of premature infants with a gestational age of ≤30 weeks had significantly higher protein levels than those from mothers of premature infants with gestational ages of 30(+1)-33(+6) weeks and ≥34 weeks (2.48±0.68 g/dL vs 2.11±0.25 g/dL and 2.22±0.39 g/dL respectively, P<0.05); the energy levels in colostrum from mothers of premature infants with a gestational age of ≤30 weeks group (51±6 kcal/dL) were significantly lower than those in colostrum from mothers of premature infants with a gestational age of 30(+1)-33(+6) weeks (58±8 kcal/d; P<0.05). The carbohydrate levels in transitional milk from mothers of premature infants with a gestational age of ≤30 weeks were significantly higher than those in transitional milk from mothers of premature infants with gestational ages of 30(+1)-33(+6) weeks and ≥34 weeks (P<0.05). The protein levels in mature milk from mothers of premature infants with a gestational age of 30(+1)-33(+6) weeks were significantly higher than those in mature milk from mothers of premature infants with gestational ages of ≤30 weeks and ≥34 weeks (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The levels of macronutrients and energy in milk from mothers of premature infants vary significantly between colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk. Protein levels are significantly higher in colostrum from premature infants' mothers than in colostrum from term infants' mothers, but the significant difference is not seen for mature milk. Macronutrient and energy levels show significant differences between milk samples from mothers of premature infants with different gestational ages, so as to meet different needs of premature infants.</p>

Meta-analysis of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

There have been numerous studies done to explore the diagnostic performance of quantitative diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging to differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatic masses. However, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether DW-MR imaging can differentiate between these two diseases. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were utilized to find relevant articles published between January 2001 and January 2014. A Stata version 12.0 and a Meta-Disc version 1.4 were used to describe primary results. Twelve studies with 594 patients, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DW imaging was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.93) respectively. The area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.96). The results indicated that DW imaging might be a valuable tool for differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses.

Re-evaluation of the Genus Antrodia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in Korea

The wood decay fungi Antrodia P. Karst. play important ecological roles and have significant industrial and economic impacts as both wood degraders and sources of pharmaceutical and biotechnological products. Although each Antrodia species has distinct morphological characteristics, the misidentification rate is especially high due to their simple morphological characters. A combination of morphological and internal transcribed spacer region sequence analyses revealed that 27 of 89 specimens previously identified by morphology alone were correct, whereas 35 of these specimens were misidentified as other Antrodia species. We report here that seven Antrodia species exist in Korea (A. albida, A. heteromorpha, A. malicola, A. serialis, A. sinuosa, A. sitchensis, and A. xantha) and based on these specimens, we provide taxonomic descriptions of these species, except for A. serialis, which was only confirmed by isolate.

A Checklist of the Basidiomycetous Macrofungi and a Record of Five New Species from Mt. Oseo in Korea

Basidiomycetous macrofungi play important roles in maintaining forest ecosystems via carbon cycling and the mobilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. To understand the impact of human activity on macrofungi, an ongoing project at the Korea National Arboretum is focused on surveying the macrofungi in unexploited areas. Mt. Oseo was targeted in this survey because the number of visitors to this destination has been steadily increasing, and management and conservation plans for this destination are urgently required. Through 5 field surveys of Mt. Oseo from April to October 2012, 116 specimens of basidiomycetous macrofungi were collected and classified. The specimens were identified to the species level by analyzing their morphological characteristics and their DNA sequence data. A total of 80 species belonging to 57 genera and 25 families were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify five of these species-Artomyces microsporus, Hymenopellis raphanipes, Pholiota abietis, Phylloporus brunneiceps, and Sirobasidium magnum-in Korea.

Effects of aqueous humor drainage to different parts of rabbit eye on intraocular pressure drop / 医用生物力学

Objective To observe and compare the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) drop when the aqueous humor was drained to limbus, ambitus and posterior segment of rabbit eye by implanting medical silicone tube. Methods Forty-five healthy New Zealand white rabbits were chosen for the experimental group, each with the medical silicone tube implanted in one eye. According to different implanting ways, the rabbits were divided into the limbus group, ambitus group and posterior segment group respectively, with 15 rabbits in each group. Results According to statistical comparison of preoperative and postoperative IOP values among the 3 groups within 4 weeks, the IOP of the posterior segment group was decreased most by 26.6%, and that of the ambitus group and limbal group was decreased by 16.2% and 1.2%, respectively. The differences between the preoperative and postoperative IOP in first, second and fourth week were statistically significant (P<0.01) for all three groups. The IOP of the posterior segment group after 4 weeks was decreased most, and there were significant differences in IOP values among three groups (P<0.01). Conclusions The greatest IOP drop occurred when the aqueous humor was drained to the posterior segment of the rabbit eye, and this result could provide some reference for the clinical surgery.

Clinical features of preterm infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively characterize clinical features of preterm infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of preterm infants born to mothers with SLE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital over a period of more than 10 years (2000-2012) and preterm babies born to mothers without SLE in the same hospital and during the same time period were collected. Preterm-associated complications in the two groups of babies were comparatively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the time period studied, 128 women with SLE delivered a total of 134 babies, 86 at full-term and 42 at preterm. Of the 42 preterm infants, 4 were diagnosed with neonatal lupus syndrome. Neonatal infection was the most common complication in preterm infants born to SLE mothers, which occurred in 20 cases (47.62%), followed by small for gestational age (28.57%), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (26.19%), congenital heart disease (14.29%), and neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage (4.76%). In the same time period, 2 308 preterm babies were born to mothers without SLE. In these preemies, 16.81% experienced neonatal infection, 13.21% were small for gestational age, and 5.16% had congenital heart disease. All these parameters were significantly lower than in preterm babies born to mothers with SLE (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SLE preterm offspring seem to be more prone to neonatal infection, small for gestational age and at a higher risk of congenital heart disease as compared to preterm babies from women without SLE.</p>

Research on pressure-volume relations for the rabbit eye in vivo / 医用生物力学

Objective To obtain pressure-volume relatioship for the rabbit eye in vivo. Method Physiological salt solution was injected with the rate of 20 μL/min through the limbus to the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye for 100 min and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded. Results The relationship between IOP and injection time could be fitted to a segmented function with a characteristic point called IOPg. The ocular rigidity coefficients before and after this IOPg were (4.02±0.86) mmH2O/μL and (2.43±0.94) mmH2O/μL, respectively (1 mmH2O=9.8 Pa), showing significant difference. Conclusions IOPg existed in all curves of IOP and injection time and the ocular rigidity coefficients were dependent on the injection rate and position of IOPg. Parameters of the fit function between IOP and injection time have definite physiological significance.

Measuring iris elastic modulus based on holistic iris deformation experiment / 医用生物力学

Objective To measure the iris elastic modulus. Method Using the self designed device, the information of in vitro holistic iris deformation of rabbits were obtained with the load pressure increasing gradually from 0 Pa to 600 Pa, and the heights of such iris were computed. The corresponding model based on experimental data was established and analyzed by ANSYS finite element software, and the iris elastic modulus was computed by a reverse method. Results The elastic modulus is 6.1 kPa at 100 Pa load pressure. ConclusionsThe iris material can be considered as linear elastic model when the pressure difference between the anterior chamber and posterior chamber is low.

Value of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis of mesenteric arteriosclerosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the clinical value of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D-CE-MRA) in the diagnosis of mesenteric arteriosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>3D-CE-MRA of the mesenteric arteries was performed in 21 patients with 23 healthy subjects as the control. After 3D image reconstruction and maxi intense projection, and the abnormalities of the mesenteric arteries were observed and analyzed. The diameter and number of the arterial branches were compared between the patients and the control subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 21 patients suffered arteriosclerosis in the arteries other than the mesenteric arteries. On 3D-CE-MRA, mesenteric arteriosclerosis was characterized by thinning of the arterial trunk, luminal stenosis, irregular arterial margins and homo- or heterogeneous thickening of vascular walls. Multiple filling defects were found in the mesenteric artery lumens with reduced second order branches, which showed rigid lining with dashed line appearance or disappeared in some cases. The inferior mesenteric arteries were seen in only 2 patients. The diameters of superior and inferior mesenteric arteries were 3.8-/+0.32 mm and 1.20-/+0.12 mm in the patients, significantly smaller than those of in the control subjects (6.51-/+1.01 mm and 2.90-/+0.90 mm, respectively, P<0.01). The number of the mesenteric artery branch of the patients was also significantly reduced as compared with that in the control subjects (P<0.05). In som cases, the intestinal enhancement was attenuated with the intestinal contraction, dilatation and lowering of the intestinal tension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3D-CE-MRA can clearly display mesenteric arteriosclerosis and secondary intestinal changes, and provides a useful means for the diagnosis and assisting the therapy of mesenteric arteriosclerosis.</p>

Construction of a subtracted cDNA library of chronic intermittent hypoxia rabbit liver by suppression subtractive hybridization / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To construct a subtracted cDNA library of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) rabbit liver by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH).@*METHODS@#Twenty-four rabbits were divided into 4 groups: ordinary feeding group, full-fat food group, ordinary feeding in chronic intermittent hypoxia group, and full-fat food in chronic intermittent hypoxia group. The mRNAs were extracted from different rabbit livers and converted into double-strand cDNA. After digestion with restriction enzyme, the cDNA of hyperlipidemia-sensitive rabbit group was subdivided into 2 portions and each one was lighted with different adaptors. Two rounds of both hybridization and suppression PCR obtained the differentially expressed cDNA. The PCR products were inserted into T/A vector to set up the subtractive cDNA library. The clones were selected and amplified by PCR and identified.@*RESULTS@#Based on the pathology of the abdominal aorta and liver, and the amplified library contained 500 positive bacteria clones, including 462 clones, which had inserts from 250 to 700 bp by PCR analysis. A novel rabbit gene, Cthrc1, involved in CHI had been cloned. The GenBank Accession Number is XM_418373.@*CONCLUSION@#The molecular mechanism of CIH promoting atherogenesis formation is made clear.

Evaluation on the accuracy of obese indexes in predicting obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in male adults / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the best cutoff value and reference standard of obese indexes and to compare their diagnostic value in screening, predicting and diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in male adults by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1110 male adults were included and cross-sectional study was adopted. Four parameters including: body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were studied. The correlativity between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and BMI, NC, WC and WHR were analyzed by pearson correlation test. ROC curve was used to assess the diagnostic value and determine their best cutoff value to predict OSAHS and reference standard to screen/diagnose it. Their conformity in predicting OSAHS was analyzed by area under curve (AUC). SPSS software version 13.0 was used for statistical analysis and P< or =0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) All of the fourindexes (BMI, NC, WC and WHR) showed a significantly positive correlation with AHI in adult male patients, with their Pearson coefficients as 0.373, 0.276, 0.291 and 0.127, respectively, and their P value were all below 0.001; (2) The best cutoff value of BMI, NC and WC in predicting OSAHS were 26.5 kg/m2 , 39 cm, 95 cm, and their corresponding sensitivity rates were 54%, 57% and 64% while rates of specificity as 73%, 65% and 53%; (3) BMI was better than other two indexes in predicting OASHS in adult male patients; (4) The value of BMI, NC and WC in screening OSAHS among adult male patients with 90% sensitivity and 10% rate of missed diagnosis as 23 kg/m2, 35 cm, 85 cm; (5) The value of BMI, NC and WC in screening OSAHS in adult male patients with 90% specificity and 10% misdiagnosis rate as 29 kg/m2, 43 cm, 105 cm, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BMI seemed better in predicting OSAHS in male adults than NC, WC and WHR. The best cutoff values to predict OSAHS of BMI, NC and WC were 26.5 kg/m2, 39 cm and 95 cm, respectively. Their reference standards to screen OSAHS were 23 kg/m2, 35 cm and 85 cm while 29 kg/m2, 43 cm and 105 cm to predict OSAHS.</p>

Effect of etoposide on allergic contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene and its action mechanism in mice / 药学学报

This study is to observe the inhibition of etoposide on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and explore its possible mechanism of action. Dinitrofluorobenzene was used to induce the allergic contact dermatitis in mouse ear. Three groups of animals were orally administrated with different doses of VP-16 (5, 10, and 20 mg x kg(-1)), separately, for six days. The degree of skin inflammatory reaction was observed by optical microscope. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Radioimmunoassay was applied to measure the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). VP-16 significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and the degree of infiltration reaction, and decreased the level of TNF-a in serum and the expression of ICAM-l in skin. VP-16 can significantly inhibit allergic contact dermatitis induced by DNFB. This therapeutic effect of VP-16 on murine ACD may be due to inhibiting expression of some cytokines.