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Objective To construct methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) AuNPs-mPEG@DOX in order to reduce the toxicity and side effects of DOX. Methods AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was prepared and characterized by Z-Average, Zeta potential and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The impact of thiol-linked DOX (HS-DOX) at various dosage concentrations on the drug adsorption rate and drug loading of AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was investigated. Furthermore, a HPLC method was developed to accurately determine the content of unadsorbed HS-DOX in AuNPs-mPEG@DOX. The specificity, linearity, precision, stability and average recovery of this method were thoroughly investigated. The cytotoxic effect of AuNPs-mPEG@DOX on MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells was evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. Results AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was successfully prepared with Z-Average of (46.12±0.49) nm, Zeta potential of (18.60±1.51) nm and the maximum absorption wavelength of 530 nm. An efficient HPLC method for the detection of unadsorbed HS-DOX in AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was devised. The optimal dosage concentration of HS-DOX for AuNPs-mPEG@DOX was determined to be 11.18 μg/ml, resulting in a drug adsorption rate of (9.21±2.88)% and a drug loading rate of (2.01±0.62)%. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that AuNPs-mPEG@DOX significantly reduced the toxic and side effects of DOX on normal breast cells. Additionally, AuNPs-mPEG@DOX and free DOX exhibited comparable cytotoxic effects on breast tumor cells when DOX concentration was equal to or greater than 4.75 μmol/L. Conclusion AuNPs-mPEG@DOX effectively reduce the toxicity of DOX, providing a reference for future research on reducing the toxicity of AuNPs-linked drugs.
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Sprays have gained significant attention and widespread use due to their numerous advantages, including rapid action, safety, and convenience. They are widely used in various fields such as dermatology, respiratory disease treatment, wound repair, and central nervous system targeted drug delivery. With the in-depth research of new drugs and modern pharmaceutics, the development ideas of sprays are more diverse, and the application scenarios are increasingly extensive. In this review the clinical application status of sprays and the latest research progress were summarized. Then the quality control parameters were briefly introduced，which provided reference for the research and development of sprays.
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Objective To prepare flumazenil sublingual tablets and study its bioavailability. Methods Flumazenil sublingual tablets were prepared by compressing flumazenil inclusion compound with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as the inclusion material. In a double-cycle crossover trial, twelve beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups, one group receiving flumazenil sublingual tablets and the other receiving flumazenil injections. LC-MS method was developed and validated to determine flumazenil plasma concentration. The pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability were calculated using WinNonlin pharmacokinetic software. Results In the pharmacokinetic study, AUClast of flumazenil injection and sublingual tablet was （8.41±2.15） and （8.86±2.83） h·ng·ml−1, respectively; Cmax was （10.96±2.62） and （6.36±2.14） ng/ml, respectively; tmax was （0.18±0.05） and （0.58±0.24） h, respectively. The bioavailability of flumazenil sublingual tablet was 52.68%. Conclusion Clathrates were used to prepare flumazenil sublingual tablets to achieve safe and efficient delivery. LC-MS method was established for the determination of flumazenil plasma concentration, and the advantages were simple, accurate and sensitive.
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With chinese pharmaceutical companies in the rapid development, there are many factors restricting their development, this article through consulting relevant literature, data and investing, analyzing the shortage of the pharmaceutical enterprises at the present stage in China and the factors of restricting their development, so as to put forward the solution to the current situation of pharmaceutical enterprises in China and the related measures, make more long-term and healthy development of pharmaceutical enterprises in China.
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Objective To explore the value of follow-up of serum TSH stimulating thyroglobulin (Tg) test and 131I whole body scan(WBS) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) who were treated by 131I.Methods By SPSS software,Kappa test was performed between results of serum Tg,TgAb test and WBS for diagnosis of persistent/recurrent DTC.Results Consistency test of TSH stimulating Tg,TgAb and 131I WBS for diagnostic persistent/recurrent or metastasis of DTC:kappa value =0.587,SE =0.076,P ＜ 0.01.Although the results showed that two measurements appeared definite consistency,it is dissatisfactory.Conclusion Serum TSH stimulating Tg test and 131I whole body scan(WBS) are important follow-up tools for patients with DTC.Because of Tg interfering it is necessary to performed TgAb test simultaneously,when Tg test was performed.Especially 131I WBS do is not absent because false negative would be able to appeared in single serum TSH stimulating Tg and TgAb test.
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Objective To probe into optimal delivered dose of 131I therapy in hyperthyroidism and influencing factors.Methods Data of 6374 patients with hyperthyroidism receiving 131I therapy were summarized and analyzed.The patients were differentiated into Graves group (GD) and multinodular toxic goiter group (NGD) after 131I therapy.To compare incidence of hypothyroidism between two groups after 131I therapy,partial correlations analysis was performed between delivered dose and other variables influencing factors among cured patients.Results After 131I therapy incidence of permanently hypothyroidismin patients with Graves' group was much higher than that in patients with multinodular toxic goiter group(17.01％,0.39％,Pearson x2 value =704.8,P ＜ 0.01).Delivered dose of 131I therapy related closely to thyroid size,with or without nodules and thyroid rigidity(r =0.469,0.484,0.553).Disposable cured rate of 131I therapy was higher than 63.99％.Conclusion 131I therapy is optimal to multinodular toxic goiter.Delivered dose of 131I therapy will be increased for patients with bigger and stiff mass for therapeutic effects.
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Objective To observe the treatment efficacy in patients with hyperthyroidism by ~(131) radioactive iodine in conjunction with Jiakangshu oral solution.Methods 465 cases with hyperthyroidism were divided into control group(n=235)and treatment group(n=230).In the treatment group on the basis of ~(131) iodine therapy plus service Jiakangshu oral solution.The contents of T_3,T_4,FT_3,FT_4,TSH were observed before and after treatment.Results The cure rate 74.7% in treatment group after treatment 12-month was higher than 65.1%(χ~2=3.94,P＜0.05),total effective rate 88.6% was higher than 80.4%(χ~2=3.90,P＜0.05).The contents of T_3,T_4,FT_3,FT_4,TSH drop,but TSH levels increased in two groups after 12 months with those before treatment(t=2.745,2.778,2.845,2.812,2.833,all P＜0.05).The contents of T_3,T_4,FT_3,FT_4 in treatment group decreased significantly compared with the control group after treatment 12 months(t=2.145,2.178,2.245,all P＜0.05).The negative conversion rate of TGAb,TMAb in the treatment group were significantly higher than control group(χ~2=3.98,3.88,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The treatment effecs are obvious in patients with hyperthyroidism by 131 radioactive iodine in conjunction with JiaKangShu oral solution.
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Objective To detect the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA) in the hematoplasma of the patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), discuss the reason of DVT recurrence and search for the predictors of it. Methods Sixty cases with DVT in our department from January 2001 to April 2003 were collected, which were divided equally into two groups as primary and recurrent, and first degree relative of the 30 DVT recurrent patients were also collected. The author established a control group using 30 cases of out-patient clinic without varicose veins of lower extremity or insufficient venae profundae. Hcy was detected with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and APLA 〔anticardiolipin antibody, ACLA (IgG, IgM); lupus antibody (LA)〕were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Odds ratios (OR) were also calculated to assess the relative risk of each study group. Results The values of Hcy and ACLA (IgG, IgM) in the primary group and recurrent group were both significantly higher than those of control group and first degree relative group of DVT recurrent patients (P