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Accumulating studies suggest that, as the subway is one of the important means of transport in cities, airborne microorganisms in its system have potential effects on human health, but previous studies have mainly focused on some foreign cities. We reviewed the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of airborne microorganisms in subway stations in different cities, including diurnal, weekly, and seasonal variations, and the distribution of microorganisms in different regions of the world. The factors affecting airborne microorganisms, such as human activities, temperature and humidity, ventilation, and particulate matter, were presented. The potential health effects were described. Although there was no significant risk of infection from using subway, many pathogens do exist in the air. The influence of microorganisms in subway air on health has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored.
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ObjectiveThe study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the short-term effects of ultrafine particles （UFPs） exposure on the occurrence and mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. MethodsThe number of daily cases of cardio-cerebrovascular events， including stroke and acute myocardial infarction， and mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases， daily concentrations of air pollutants and weather conditions in Minhang， Shanghai from January 1， 2016 to December 31， 2018 were collected. Associations between UFPs and the number of daily cases and deaths were analyzed by the general additive Poisson regression model with the control of meteorological variables， day-of-the-week effects and time trends. Increased percentages of the number of daily cases and deaths and 95%CI were used to indicate the short-term effects of UFPs. ResultsDuring the study period， in the single-pollutant model， an increase of 2022 particles/cm3 showed significant effects with 5.01%（95%CI： 1.22%‒8.94%）and 6.05%（95%CI： 1.53%‒10.80%）increments in the percentages of the number of daily cases and deaths respectively. After adjusting other pollutants in the two-pollutant model， statistically significant associations were also observed. ConclusionUFPs exposure has acute impacts on the occurrence and mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the changing trend of cerebrovascular disease burden in Minhang District of Shanghai from 1996 to 2021， and to provide scientific evidence for government to formulate targeted cerebrovascular disease prevention and control strategies. MethodsMortality， years of life lost（YLL）， years of lived with disability（YLD） and disability⁃adjusted life years（DALY） were used to evaluate the burden of cerebrovascular diseases in Minhang District. Joinpoint linear regression was used to analyze the trend of disease burden. ResultsFrom 1996 to 2021， the YLL rate of cerebrovascular diseases in Minhang District showed a downward trend （whole population： APC=-1.69%， t=-6.9， P<0.05）， The YLD rate of cerebrovascular diseases showed a slow upward trend （whole population： APC=1.17%， t=3.5， P<0.05）， The DALY rate of cerebrovascular diseases showed a downward trend， and fluctuated since 2003 （whole population： APC= -1.43%， t=-5.6， P<0.05）. The YLL rate of cerebrovascular diseases in men was higher than that in women， and the YLD rate of cerebrovascular diseases in women was higher than that in men. After 2014， the DALY of cerebrovascular diseases in men was higher than that in women. With the increase of age， the burden of cerebrovascular diseases increased， and the burden of disease increased significantly in the age group above 70. ConclusionThe burden of cerebrovascular diseases in Minhang District is at a high level， and there are differences in age， gender and other aspects. Measures such as screening， intervention and rehabilitation need to be improved to reduce disability and premature death caused by cerebrovascular diseases and to reduce the burden of cerebrovascular diseases on individuals， families and society.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current status of quality of working life( QWL) among medical staffs in Minhang District,Shanghai City,and to explore the relationship between QWL and occupational stress. METHODS: A stratified sampling method was used to select 522 medical staffs in Minhang District,Shanghai City. The QWL and occupational stress were assessed using the Quality of Working Life Scale and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire,respectively.RESULTS: The total score of QWL of medical staffs was( 97. 7 ± 13. 8),and the detection rate of high occupational stress was34. 7%( 181/522). The total QWL score of medical workers in the high occupational stress group was lower than that in the low occupational stress group( P < 0. 01). The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that occupational stress and average weekly working time were risk factors of reduction in QWL( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: Occupational stress is the influencing factor of QWL. The increased occupational stress may reduce the QWL of medical personnel.