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Objective:To analyze the prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Songjiang District, Shanghai.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 1 105 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was positive in culture from January 2014 to December 2018 in Songjiang District, Shanghai, was carried out for strain identification (PNB method, TCH method and 28℃ culture test) and drug susceptibility test (four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs).Results:The total drug resistance rate was 18.8% (208/1 105), of which the resistance rate of newly diagnosed patients was 17.9%(189/1 058), and the resistance rate of retreated patients was 40.4% (19/47). The total multidrug resistance rate was 4.0% (44/1 105), of which the multidrug-resistant rate of newly diagnosed patients was 3.4% (36/1 058), and the multidrug resistance rate of retreated patients was 17.0% (8/47). The five-year total drug resistance rate, the drug resistance rate of newly diagnosed patients, the drug resistance rate of retreatment patients, the total multidrug resistance rate, the multidrug resistance rate of newly diagnosed patients, and the multidrug resistance rate of retreated patients had no upward trend (χ 2 trend values: 4.229, 3.871, 6.862, 2.764, 4.930, 1.955, all P>0.05). In the past five years, the multi-drug resistance rates were 2.6%, 3.5%, 4.4%, 4.5%, and 5.4%, respectively, increased year by year.Logistic regression analysis showed that males, elderly people, retreated patients and floating population were the main factors of tuberculosis in our district, and patients with retreatment were more likely to develop drug resistance ( OR=0.321, 95% CI: 0.175-0.586, P<0.01) and multidrug-resistant ( OR=0.172, 95% CI: 0.075-0.394, P<0.01). Conclusion:In the past five years, the prevalence of M. tuberculosis in Songjiang District of Shanghai has been relatively stable, and the rate of multidrug resistance has increased year by year.
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Objective: To investigate molecular mechanism involved in nicotine in combination with Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g ) caused monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion .Methods: The effect of nicotine, P.g-lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) and their combination on the proliferation of U 937 cells was determined by CCK-8 method .Interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) expression was investigated by Real-time PCR after U937 cells were treated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination .In human umbilical vein endothe-lial cells ( HUVECs ) , the expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein CCL-8 and adhesion mole-cules including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( Vcam-1 ) , very late antigen 4 alpha ( VLA4α) , tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 ( OX40) and OX40 ligand ( OX40L) were detected by Real-time PCR or Western blotting assays after HUVEC cells were treated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination .Adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells was detected after the HUVECs and U 937 cells were stimulated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination, respectively.Results:P.g-LPS did not affect the proliferative ability of nicotine in U 937 cells.However, the ability of P.g-LPS induced IL-6 expression was inhibited by 100 μmol/L nicotine in U937 cells.In HUVECs, the expressions of CCL-8, Vcam-1, VLA4α, OX40 and OX40L were significantly up-regulated by nicotine and P.g-LPS combi-nation compared with nicotine alone , P.g-LPS alone and the untreated control .Adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs results showed that the two types of cells treated with nicotine in combination with P.g-LPS could markedly increase the adhesion ability of monocytes to HUVECs .Conclusion:P.g-LPS in combi-nation with nicotine could recruit monocytes to endothelial lesion through up-regulation of CCL-8, and promote adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells through enhancement of Vcam -1/VLA4αand OX40/OX40L interactions, which could be involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis .
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Objective:To study the fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Methods : HPLC with UV detector was used to analyze the patterns of the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Protocatechuic aldehyde was used as internal standard substance. Results : The fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection was set up and the fingerprint of them showed an excellent correlation. Conclusion : The study is helpful for the quality control of Xiangdan Injection.