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Objective To evaluate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-D(VEGF-D)in lymphangiogenesis of breast cancer,and investigate its relationship with some clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Methods VEGF-D expression was detected in 85 cases with primary breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry,and VEGF-D mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Podoplanin monoclonal antibody was used to mark lymphatic endothelial cell and lymphatic vessel density(LVD) was counted.The relationship among the aboved parameters,clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was analysed. Results It was revealed by immunohistochemistry that VEGF-D expression was ranked by 5 levels: negative,n=5(5.88%);"+",n=17(20%);"++",n=34(40%);"+++",n=22(25.88%),and "++++",n=7(8.24%).VEGF-D expression was associated with tumor lymph node metastasis and TNM clinical stage(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the early diagnosis and early treatment of primary penile malignant lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One case of rare primary penile malignant lymphoma was studied with regard to its primary clinical process and characteristics, differential diagnosis and therapeutic method. The application value of the immunohistochemical features, in clinical diagnosis was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Surgical treatment of removing the penis, testes and scrotum was carried out, followed by chemotherapy went. The immunohistochemical tests showed CD56, granzyme B, perforin and cytoplasmic CD3epsilon to be positive, and surface CD3 negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Primary malignant lymphoma of the penis, though rare clinically, may be treated effectively if diagnosed early. Wedge biopsy with histological examination and immunohistochemical tests is the most common method for definite diagnosis.</p>