Acute effect of ambient fine particulate matter on heart rate variability: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies

BACKGROUND@#Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of autonomic system dysfunction, and is considered as a potential mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM@*METHODS@#An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies till November 1, 2019 was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of exposure to ambient PM@*RESULTS@#A total of 33 panel studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 16 studies conducted in North America, 12 studies in Asia, and 5 studies in Europe. The pooled results showed a 10 μg/m@*CONCLUSION@#Short-term exposure to PM

Sparse-view helical CT reconstruction based on tensor total generalized variation minimization / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#We propose a sparse-view helical CT iterative reconstruction algorithm based on projection of convex set tensor total generalized variation minimization (TTGV-POCS) to reduce the X-ray dose of helical CT scanning.@*METHODS@#The three-dimensional volume data of helical CT reconstruction was viewed as the third-order tensor. The tensor generalized total variation (TTGV) was used to describe the structural sparsity of the three-dimensional image. The POCS iterative reconstruction framework was adopted to achieve a robust result of sparse-view helical CT reconstruction. The TTGV-POCS algorithm fully used the structural sparsity of first-order and second-order derivation and the correlation between the slices of helical CT image data to effectively suppress artifacts and noise in the image of sparse-view reconstruction and better preserve image edge information.@*RESULTS@#The experimental results of XCAT phantom and patient scan data showed that the TTGVPOCS algorithm had better performance in reducing noise, removing artifacts and maintaining edges than the existing reconstruction algorithms. Comparison of the sparse-view reconstruction results of XCAT phantom data with 144 exposure views showed that the TTGV-POCS algorithm proposed herein increased the PSNR quantitative index by 9.17%-15.24% compared with the experimental comparison algorithm; the FSIM quantitative index was increased by 1.27%-9.30%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The TTGV-POCS algorithm can effectively improve the image quality of helical CT sparse-view reconstruction and reduce the radiation dose of helical CT examination to improve the clinical imaging diagnosis.

Key technologies in digital breast tomosynthesis system:theory, design, and optimization / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) imaging system with optimizes imaging chain.@*METHODS@#Based on 3D tomography and DBT imaging scanning, we analyzed the methods for projection data correction, geometric correction, projection enhancement, filter modulation, and image reconstruction, and established a hardware testing platform. In the experiment, the standard ACR phantom and high-resolution phantom were used to evaluate the system stability and noise level. The patient projection data of commercial equipment was used to test the effect of the imaging algorithm.@*RESULTS@#In the high-resolution phantom study, the line pairs were clear without confusing artifacts in the images reconstructed with the geometric correction parameters. In ACR phantom study, the calcified foci, cysts, and fibrous structures were more clearly defined in the reconstructed images after filtering and modulation. The patient data study showed a high contrast between tissues, and the lesions were more clearly displayed in the reconstructed image.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This DBT imaging system can be used for mammary tomography with an image quality comparable to that of commercial DBT systems to facilitate imaging diagnosis of breast diseases.

Effect of glucocorticoids on perioperative patients with thyroid cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the application effect of glucocorticoids on perioperative period of complicated thyroid cancer surgery.Methods All patients were from Department of Thyroid Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.A total of 373 patients with thyroid surgery longer than 3 hours from Jan.2017 to Dec.2017 were as the control group.386 patients with thyroid surgery longer than 3 hours from Jan.2018 to Dec.2018 were included in the observation group.Patients in the control group were not treated with glucocorticoids during perioperative period,and patients in the observation group were treated with glucocorticoids during perioperative period.Several factors were compared between the two groups,including postoperative drain removal time,postoperative hospitalization time,postoperative complication rate,the incidence of postoperative infection and delayed wound healing.Results The postoperative drain removal time [(2.5±0.42) vs (3.2±0.63),t=25.72,P＜0.001)] and the postoperative hospitalization time [(3.6±0.57) vs (4.8±0.71),t=18.07,P＜0.001)] in the observation group was shorter than in the control group.The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,such as postoperative coarse respiratory sounds (3.1％ vs 6.7％,x2=4.790,P=0.029),mild to moderate dyspnea (1.0％ vs 3.2％,x2=4.191,P=0.041),cough (8.3％ vs 14.2％,x2=5.366,P=0.021),sore throat (4.9％ vs 9.4％,x2=4.952,P=0.026),headache (8.8％ vs 11.5％,x2=4.392,P=0.036) and nausea (3.6％ vs 8.6％,x2=7.235,P=0.007),however,the incidence of hoarseness between the two groups was statistically significant (1.6％ vs 2.1％,x2=0.352,P=0.553).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection (2 cases vs 1 case,x2=0.299,P=0.585) or delayed wound healing (3 cases vs 3 cases,x2=0.002,P=0.964) between the two groups.Conclusion The application of glucocorticoids in patients with complicated thyroid cancer surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of complications and shorten the hospitalization time of patients.

Design and optimization of a cone-beam CT system for extremity imaging / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a cone beam computed tomography (ECBCT) system for high-resolution imaging of the extremities.@*METHODS@#Based on three-dimensional X-Ray CT imaging and high-resolution flat plate detector technique, we constructed a physical model and a geometric model for ECBCT imaging, optimized the geometric calibration and image reconstruction methods, and established the scanner system. In the experiments, the pencil vase phantom, image quality (IQ) phantom and a swine feet were scanned using this imaging system to evaluate its effectiveness and stability.@*RESULTS@#On the reconstructed image of the pencil vase phantom, the edges were well preserved with geometric calibrated parameters and no aliasing artifacts were observed. The reconstructed images of the IQ phantom showed a uniform distribution of the CT number, and the noise power spectra were stable in multiple scanning under the same condition. The reconstructed images of the swine feet had clearly displayed the bones with a good resolution.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The ECBCT system can be used for highresolution imaging of the extremities to provide important imaging information to assist in the diagnosis of bone diseases.

PTMD: A Database of Human Disease-associated Post-translational Modifications / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) participate in nearly all aspects of biological processes by regulating protein functions, and aberrant states of PTMs are frequently implicated in human diseases. Therefore, an integral resource of PTM-disease associations (PDAs) would be a great help for both academic research and clinical use. In this work, we reported PTMD, a well-curated database containing PTMs that are associated with human diseases. We manually collected 1950 known PDAs in 749 proteins for 23 types of PTMs and 275 types of diseases from the literature. Database analyses show that phosphorylation has the largest number of disease associations, whereas neurologic diseases have the largest number of PTM associations. We classified all known PDAs into six classes according to the PTM status in diseases and demonstrated that the upregulation and presence of PTM events account for a predominant proportion of disease-associated PTM events. By reconstructing a disease-gene network, we observed that breast cancers have the largest number of associated PTMs and AKT1 has the largest number of PTMs connected to diseases. Finally, the PTMD database was developed with detailed annotations and can be a useful resource for further analyzing the relations between PTMs and human diseases. PTMD is freely accessible at http://ptmd.biocuckoo.org.

Injection of sodium hyaluronate gel to upper lacrimal puncta in locating the broken end of inferior canalicular laceration / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the feasibility of injection of sodium hyaluronate gel to upper lacrimal puncta in locating the nasal broken end of inferior canalicular laceration.Methods Together 52 patients(52 eyes) with inferior canalicular laceration who collected from March 2013 to March 2016 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University underwent canaliculax laceration anastomosis combined with silicone tube.Injection of sodium hyaluronate gel to the upper lacrimal puncta was introduced in group A (n =32/32 eyes) for locating the nasal broken end of lower canaliculax laceration,while microscope for searching the nasal broken end served as group B (n =20/20 eyes).In both groups,the silicone tubes were implanted in the lacrimal passage for more than 3 months after locating the broken end successfully.All patients were followed up from 6 months to 12 months,with mean follow-up of (8.2 ± 1.6) months,and then clinical data of the distance of lower canalicular laceration between lacrimal canal,time consuming for locating the nasal broken end,effective rate and postoperative comphcations were compared between two groups.Results The procedures in all patients were successfully.In group A,23 patients were cured and 5 improved,but the operation was failed in 4 patients,of which 3 patients occurred upper or lower lacrimal punctas teax;while in group B,13 patients were cured and 4 improved,but the operation was failed in 3 patients,of which 2 patients occurred upper or lower lacrimal punctas tear.There was no significant difference in the the distance of between lower canalicular laceration and lacrimal canal in group A [6.5-8.3 (7.3 ± 0.6) mm] and group B [6.6-8.2 (7.2 ± 0.5) mm] (P =0.40).The time consuming for locating the nasal broken end in group A [1.5-5.5 (3.3 ± 1.3) min] was shorter than that in group B [5.0-26.0 (17.0 ± 6.0) min],with significant difference (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion It is an easy and accurate method of injection of sodium hyaluronate gel to upper lacrimal puncta for locating the nasal broken end of lower canalicular laceration with less time.

Efficacy and safety of short-term sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy for poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-term sensor-augmented insulin-pump (SAP) therapy for poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methods Sixty T1DM patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)>9.0% were randomly assigned to 2 groups treated with SAP or multiple daily insulin injection ( MDI) for 6 days, then all patients converted to MDI therapy. Results Compared with MDI group and before therapy, the mean blood glucose concentration ( MBG) , SD of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion ( MAGE) and 24-h area under curve at 10.0 ( AUC10.0 ) levels in SAP group significantly decreased after 6-day therapy ( compared with MDI group:t=1.761,P=0.028, t=2.569,P=0.037, t=2.712,P=0.020, t=2.985,P=0.014, compared with before therapy:t=3.128,P=0.006, t=2.689,P=0.024, t=2.966,P=0.013, t=3.076,P=0.009);while there was no difference in 24-h area under curve at 3.9 (AUC3.9) between groups (P>0.05).After 1 month follow-up HbA1c levels decreased in SAP group (t=2.344,P=0.023) and were significantly lower than those in MDI group (t=1.844, P=0.035).There was no difference in daily insulin dosage, fasting C peptide (FCP) and postprandial 2h C peptide (2hCP) between two groups (P>0.05).Age (t=2.125, P=0.012) and SAP therapy (t=3.376, P=0.009) were independently correlated with the HbA1c after 1 month.Conclusion Short-term SAP therapy is effective and safe for poorly controlled T1DM patients with rapid glucose lowering and glycemic excursions reduction.

Detection and analysis of myeloperoxidase level in different types of samples / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the difference of myeloperoxidase(MPO)detection results among different types of samples , anticoagulant selection and comparison of detection results .Methods The plasma samples containing EDTA‐K2 or heparin and ser‐um samples of common biochemical tube without containing anticoagulant were collected from 165 persons undergoing healthy physical examination .The MPO level in 3 kinds of sample was detected .Then the detection results in each group were performed the statistical analysis .Results The MPO detection results had statistical difference between plasma samples with different antico‐agulants and between plasma samples with different anticoagulants and serum sample without anticoagulant in the same person (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Different samples types have larger difference in M PO detection results .It is suggested that each laboratory should formulate the corresponding reference intervals according to different anticoagulants ;because EDTA‐K2 anticoagulation plasma is not affected by the release of MPO from in vitro leukocytes ,it is recommended to adopt EDTA‐K2 anticoagulation blood as the first selected of M PO level detection .

roughness study of ytterbium-doped potassium yttrium tungstate [YB: KYW] thin-disk femtosecond ablated dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes and quantitatively assess the roughness of dentin after the ablation with a Ytterbium-Doped Potassium Yttrium Tungstate [YB: KYW] thin-disk femtosecond pulsed laser of different fluences, scanning speeds and scanning distances. Twelve extracted human premolars were sectioned into crowns and roots along the cementum-enamel junction, and then the crowns were cut longitudinally into sheets about 1.5 mm thick with a cutting machine. The dentin samples were fixed on a stage at focus plane. The laser beam was irradiated onto the samples through a galvanometric scanning system, so rectangular movement could be achieved. After ablation, the samples were examined with a scanning electron microscope and laser three-dimensional profile measurement microscope for morphology and roughness study.With increasing laser fluence, dentin samples exhibited more melting and resolidification of dentin as well as debris-like structure and occluded parts of dentinal tubules. When at the scanning speed of 2400mm/s and scanning distance of 24microm, the surface roughness of dentin ablated with femtosecond pulsed laser decreased significantly and varied between values of dentin surface roughness grinded with two kinds of diamond burs with different grits. When at the scanning speed of 1200mm/s and scanning distance of 12microm, the surface roughness decreased slightly, and the surface roughness of dentin ablated with femtosecond pulsed laser was almost equal to that grinded with a low grit diamond bur. This study showed that increased laser influence may lead to more collateral damage and lower dentin surface roughness, while scanning speed and scanning distance were also negatively correlated with surface roughness. Adequate parameters should be chosen to achieve therapeutic benefits, and different parameters can result in diverse ablation results

Research progress of cystatin C in diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Cystatin C is widely present in nucleated cells of various tissues and body fluids as a cysteine protease inhibitor.It can predict the occurrence of diabetes,and it was significantly associated with diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications such as albuminuria,retinopathy,peripheral arterial disease,and coronary artery disease.This review introduces the research progress of cystatin C in diabetes and diabetic vascular complications.

Quantitative evaluation of three-dimensional reconstruction accuracy of edentulous models in centric relation / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reconstruct the centric relation of upper and lower edentulous dental models with two methods, to compare the reconstruction accuracy of the vertical and horizontal distance, and to provide some references to computer aided design and computer aided manufacture for complete denture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dental models and rims made from five edentulous patients in clinical were obtained.Each model was stocked with 10 identical size positioning cylinders (20 cylinders on each pair models) on 5 side-surfaces of basement. Twelve center point pairs were paired between upper and lower models from 20 cylinder bottoms. The vertical and horizontal distances of 12 center point pairs were regarded as the evaluation items. Firstly, upper and lower models and rims were scanned separately. Then, models and rims (fixed in centric relation respectively with positioning articulator and rubber banding) were scanned.In software, all the data were registered to reconstruct centric relation based on common region. Digital models were measured with software tools, and real models were measured with a contact measurement arm. The differences of the homologous items between two methods were analyzed with paired-t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The vertical distance errors for dental articulator positioning method was (0.356 ± 0.200) mm and that of the rubber band method was (0.382 ± 0.299) mm, and paired-t test between the two methods showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). The horizontal errors were (0.010 ± 0.411) mm and (0.104 ± 0.476) mm, and paired-t test showed significant differences (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Comparing with rubber band method, dental articulator positioning can significantly increases three-dimensional reconstruction accuracy of edentulous jaw gypsum models' horizontal relation.</p>

The short term follow-up observation of premature infants with congenital HCMV infections / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate correlative complication and disorders in growth of premature infants with congenital CMV infections before one year old.Methods Fifty-eight infected premature infants and sixty control premature infants were followed up prospectively for one year.The differences were compared between two groups with incidence of correlative complication.Physical growth,liver function,neurosonographic and audiologic examination were used to identify the sequelae of CMV infections.Results The numbers of infants with infantile hepatitis syndrome,encephalopathy of premature infant and SNHL were significantly higher in infected group than in control group(x2 =4.52,15.09,12.71,P ＜0.05).No difference between groups was found on physical growth.However,the significant difference between two groups was observed on abnormal for liver function of 3 and 6 months(x2 =8.33,17.28,P ＜ 0.05),neurosonographic after birth and 3 months(x2 =15.09,5.38,P ＜0.05),audiologic examination of 3 and 6 months(x2 =17.01,8.04,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions These data suggest that congenital CMV infections may be associated with hepatitis syndrome,encephalopathy of premature infant and SNHL in premature infants.Liver function,neurosonograpphic imaging and ABRs were useful in the evaluation of the premature infants with congenital CMV infections.

Association of peripheral white blood cell with type 2 diabetic nephropathy / 中华全科医师杂志

A total of 473 patients of diabetic nephropathy (DN) with normal serum creatinine were recruited.Blood routine,blood lipids and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured.They were divided into microalbuminuria group (DN1,n =246 ) and macroalbuminuria group (DN2,n =227 ).The white blood cell (WBC) count,monocyte count and CRP significantly increased with the progression of DN in the DN2 group versus those in the DNI group [ (6.8 ± 1.7 ) × 109/L vs.(6.3 ± 1.5 ) × 109/L,(0.49±0.23) ×109/Lvs.(0.32 ±0.21) ×109/L,(4.1 ±1.1)mg/Lvs.(1.7±0.3) mg/L,all P＜ 0.05].According to multiple linear regression analysis,WBC,monocyte,low density lipoproteincholesterol and lymphocyte were found to be independent influencing factors for the elevation of UACR.

Expression and clinical significance of Pin1 in pancreatic carcinoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of Pin1 in human pancreatic carcinoma as well as adjacent tissues and to discuss the role of Pinl in oncogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Specimen of pancreatic carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were collected from 20 cases. Pin1 mRNA and protein expression in pancreatic neoplasm and corresponding adjacent nontumorous tissues were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RQ-RT-PCR) and western blot. Results Pin1 was overexpressed at mRNA and protein level in pancreatic carcinoma tissues compared with that in their nontumorous counterparts ( 2.78 ± 1.02 vs 4.36 ± 1.27;5. 48 ± 1.69 vs 9.97 ± 1.86, P ＜ 0.05 ). Pin1 expression was not correlated to clinical stage and pathological grading of the carcinoma. Conclusion Pin1 overexpression may play a key role in pancreatic carcinoma.

Effect of glucose on hormone sensitive lipase in NTT-1 cell / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

NIT-1 cells were exposed to various concentrations of glucose for 24,48,and 72 hours.The content of triglyceride in NIT-1 cells increased in dose-and time-dependent manners (P ＜ 0.05).Long-term exposure of NIT-1 cells to high glucose concentrations caused an inverse "v"-like induction of HSL mRNA and protein expressions,which increased from beginning,and then decreased,along with similar changes of lipolysis.These results suggest that the adaptation of HSL may play an important role in regulating the intracellular triglyceride pool and the development of glucolipotoxicity in pancreatic β cells.

Functional genomic approaches to explore secondary metabolites in medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

Extensive genomic data concerning medicinal plants are rather scarce and insights of the secondary metabolic pathways and their regulatory mechanism are insufficient, hampering the broad application of cell or tissue cultivation and metabolic engineering to producing high-value secondary metabolites. The integration of cDNA-AFLP based transcript profiling and metabolomics, a new development of functional genomic approaches could establish correlations between the changes of secondary metabolites and expressions of related genes. It has manifested widely applicative prospects in seeking genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and exploring secondary metabolic pathways. Functional genomic approaches are promising trends in the field of medicinal plants secondary metabolites research and will lead to better utilization of natural medicinal resources.

Effects of insulin treatment on intracellular lipid metabolism in liver of diabetic rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effects and the mechanism of insulin treatment on intracellular lipid metabolism in liver of diabetic rats were evaluated. Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by injecting the streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) and fat rich food. According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glucose-induced insulin secretion test (IRT), the rats were divided into two groups: untreated group (UT) and insulin-treated group (IT). Normal rats (NC) served as controls. The treatment with either Humulin N (4--6 U/kg every day), or saline lasted for 4 weeks. Body weight, OGTT, IRT, blood lipids, intracellular lipids in liver, hepatic fatty acid oxidation and the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected. The change of liver histology was observed. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was applied to assess the status of insulin resistance. The results showed that as compared with NC group, the plasma and hepatic intracellular Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFAs) were increased significantly in UT group (P < 0.05), and lipid droplets could be seen dispersedly in the liver specimens, the hepatic fatty acid oxidation was increased markedly (P < 0.05), while the fatty acid synthase activity decreased (P < 0.05). Insulin treatment resulted in a further accumulation of lipids in liver by 55.7%, 19.87% and 22.2% increase in TG, TC, FFAs respectively. The size of hepatocytes was enlarged and the cells were filled with fat drops. Plasma lipids showed little decrease and still significantly higher than those in NC group after the insulin treatment. Meanwhile, insulin treatment was companied by 20% decrease in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and 31% increase in hepatic FAS activity compared to UT group. It was concluded that treatment with insulin on type 2 diabetic rat increases hepatic intracellular lipid accumulation by inhibiting hepatic fatty acid oxidation and activating FAS.

Effects of Insulin Treatment on Intracellular Lipid Metabolism in Liver of Diabetic Rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effects and the mechanism of insulin treatment on intracellular lipid metabolism in liver of diabetic rats were evaluated. Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by injecting the streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) and fat rich food. According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)and glucose-induced insulin secretion test (IRT), the rats were divided into two groups: untreated group (UT) and insulin-treated group (IT). Normal rats (NC) served as controls. The treatment with either Humulin N (4-6 U/kg every day), or saline lasted for 4 weeks. Body weight, OGTT,IRT, blood lipids, intracellular lipids in liver, hepatic fatty acid oxidation and the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected. The change of liver histology was observed. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was applied to assess the status of insulin resistance. The results showed that as compared with NC group, the plasma and hepatic intracellular Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFAs) were increased significantly in UT group (P＜0.05), and lipid droplets could be seen dispersedly in the liver specimens, the hepatic fatty acid oxidation was increased markedly (P＜0.05), while the fatty acid synthase activity decreased (P＜0.05). Insulin treatment resulted in a further accumulation of lipids in liver by 55.7 %, 19.87 % and 22.2 % increase in TG, TC, FFAs respectively. The size of hepatocytes was enlarged and the cells were filled with fat drops. Plasma lipids showed little decrease and still significantly higher than those in NC group after the insulin treatment. Meanwhile, insulin treatment was companied by 20 % decrease in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and 31% increase in hepatic FAS activity compared to UT group. It was concluded that treatment with insulin on type 2 diabetic rat increases hepatic intracellular lipid accumulation by inhibiting hepatic fatty acid oxidation and activating FAS.

Promotion of Thrombopoiesis by rhIL-11 in Normal and Myelosuppressed Mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

Hematological effects of rhIL-11 on normal and myelosuppressed male BALB/c mice were observed. Mice were subcutaneously injected with rhIL-11 for 7 consecutive days, at the dose of 200 or 400 micro g/kg per day, peripheral blood platelet counts were moderately elevated on 5 days after administration and returned to base level within 4 days after discontinuation of injection. In myelosuppressed mice, treatment with rhIL-11 significantly ameliorated the degree of thrombocytopenia, the recovery of thrombocytopenia was also significantly accelerated at the dose range of 100 - 400 micro g/kg per day, and blood platelet counts reached pre-irradiated level after 13 - 15 days of treatment. The magnitudes of platelet count elevation were similar among groups of 100, 200 and 400 micro g/kg per day, although recovery appeared earlier in group of 400 micro g/kg per day. Significant increases in CFU-Meg were observed both in normal and myelosuppressed mice. Our results suggest that rhIL-11 promotes the increase of peripheral blood platelets both in normal and myelosuppressed mice, and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy.