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In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma， this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica， prescription books， medical books and modern literature. The research results showed that Baiji（白及） was the main name， some scholars took Baiji（白芨） as its main name， and there were many other names such as Baiji（白给）， Baigen（白根）， Baiji（白苙）. The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata， and drying， large， white， solid， root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards. With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials， there were certain differences between their traits， and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly. The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed， with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times. The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn， and harvested in autumn was better. The processing and processing technology is relatively simple， and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties， while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times. Based on the results， it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas， and it should be uniformly written as Baiji（白及）. And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing， it should be operated according to the requirement， if the requirement of processing is not indicated， it can be used in raw form as medicine.
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OBJECTIVE To establish comprehensive quality evaluation method based on multi-index components combined with multivariate statistical analysis， and to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Periploca forrestii. METHODS Taking 11 batches of P. forrestii medicinal materials from different areas in Guizhou as samples， the contents of neochlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， procyanidin A2， isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were determined by HPLC. Clustering heat map analysis， grey correlation analysis（GRA） and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution（TOPSIS） were used to evaluate the quality of P. forrestii. RESULTS The results of methodological investigation of content determination were in accordance with the relevant regulations， and the linear relationship and accuracy of each component were good in their respective sampling range. The contents of chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， neochlorogenic acid， procyanidin A2， isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C in 11 batches of samples were 3.650-7.302， 0.888-2.575， 1.371- 2.386， 0.947-1.469， 0.084-0.169 and 0.725-1.067 mg/g， respectively. The content of each component was significantly different， with the highest content of chlorogenic acid and the lowest content of isochlorogenic acid A. The comprehensive results of cluster heat map， GRA and TOPSIS analysis showed that the comprehensive quality of S5 and S10 was relatively good. CONCLUSIONS The established method is accurate， stable and simple. Combined with multivariate statistical analysis method， it can be used for quality evaluation of P. forrestii. The quality of samples from Jiuzhou Town and Caiguan Town of Xixiu District in Anshun City of Guizhou Province are relatively good among 11 different origin samples.
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OBJECTIVE To provide reference for quality control of Gentiana rhodantha. METHODS Taking 52 batches of G. rhodantha as subject， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） fingerprint was adopted. The similarity of 52 batches of medicinal materials samples was evaluated by the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2004A edition）； the content of mangiferin was determined； chemometric analyses [cluster analysis， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）] were performed. RESULTS UPLC fingerprints of 52 batches of G. rhodantha were established， 17 common peaks were identified， and 6 of them were identified， which were loganic acid （peak 1）， neomangiferin （peak 3）， swertiamarin （peak 5）， dangyin （peak 6）， mangiferin （peak 7） and isoorientin （peak 9）. The similarities of 52 batches of medicinal materials samples were all greater than 0.9； cluster analysis showed that S1-S46， S48-S52 clustered into one class， and S47 alone； PCA results showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first six principal components was 82.928%； OPLS-DA results showed that the corresponding components of swertiamarin， mangiferin and chemical composition represented by peak 4， 14， 15， 16 were the main iconic components affecting the quality differences of G. rhodantha medicinal materials. The contents of mangiferin in 52 batches of medicinal material samples ranged from 18.2 to 101.0 mg/g， mostly in accordance with 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSIONS The established UPLC fingerprint and chemometric analysis methods combined with content determination method of mangiferin can comprehensively evaluate the quality of G. rhodantha.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of direct anterior total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis.Methods:From December 2017 to December 2020, 82 patients with hip osteoarthritis who received total hip arthroplasty in the department of orthopedics, 541 General Hospital, including 41 patients with direct anterior total hip arthroplasty as the observation group, and 41 patients with lateral total hip arthroplasty as the control group. The general indicators of the two groups of patients during the perioperative period (time of ambulatory activity, hospitalization, amount of intraoperative bleeding, and operation time) and the clinical efficacy evaluation indicators [visual analogue score (VAS), Harris hip joint function score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score] were compared.Results:The time of ambulatory activity was (15.54 ± 2.67) and (19.32 ± 3.18) h, after operation, respectively, and the time of hospitalization was (6.87 ± 0.87) and (8.03 ± 1.04) d, respectively, in the observation group and the control group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t = 5.83, 5.48, P < 0.001); there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the amount of intraoperative bleeding and operation time ( t = 0.81, 0.13, P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the observation group and the control group in VAS (3 d, 1 month, 6 month after operation), Harris hip joint function score (1, 6 month after operation) and WOMAC score (1, 6 month after operation, t = 7.50, 11.03, 10.70, 6.20, 7.34, 7.10, 8.34, P < 0.001). The Harris hip joint function score and WOMAC score of patients in the same group between 1, 6 month after operation and pre-operation were significantly different ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Direct anterior total hip arthroplasty is effective in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis, and can significantly improve the function of the hip joint and relieve the pain of the hip joint compared with lateral total hip arthroplasty.
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OBJECTIVE To separate and identif y the chemical constituen ts in 70％ ethanol extract of Sabia parviflora ，and to preliminarily evaluate their in vitro antioxidant activity. METHODS The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel，ODS reversed-phase silica gel ，Sephadex-LH20 column and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by 1H-NMR，13C-NMR and ESI-MS. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the compounds were investigated by 2，2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical （DPPH·），2，2′-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonate）diammonium radical （ABST+）and hydroxyl radical （OH·）. RESULTS A total of 9 compounds were isolated from the 70％ ethanol extracts of S. parviflora . They were identified as rutin （1），diiononyl phthalate （2），dibutyl phthalate （3），vomifoliol （4），rhododendrol（5），quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside（6），narcissoside（7），kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside（8）and bonaroside （9）. The in vitro antioxidant results showed that compound 1-9 showed certain in vitro antioxidant activity ，and the half scavenging concentrations of compound 1，6，7 and 8 to DPPH ·，ABST+，OH·were lower than 70 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Vomifoliol， rhododendrol and bonaroside are isolated from S. parviflora for the first time ，and rutin ，quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside，narcissoside and kaempferol- 3-O-rutinoside show good in vitro antioxidant activity.
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Objective:To observe the clinical effect of total hip arthroplasty via Watson-Jone approach in treatment of hip osteoarthritis caused by advanced Kashin-Beck disease.Methods:Forty six patients with hip osteoarthritis caused by advanced Kashin-Beck disease who were admitted to Department of Orthopedics of 541 General Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected as observation subjects, of which 23 patients received the conventional posterolateral approach as the control group, and the other 23 patients received the Watson-Jone approach as the study group. The Harris scores of the hip joints, the degree of pain (visual analogue scale), and complication rate of postoperative follow-up were compared between the patients of two groups before and after operation at different time periods (3, 6, 12, 24 months).Results:The preoperative Harris scores of the study group and the control group were (36.28 ± 6.57) and (37.51 ± 6.29) points, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t = 0.65, P = 0.520); at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation, the scores were (86.65 ± 5.26), (80.91 ± 5.39), (88.59 ± 5.08), (83.33 ± 5.26), (90.37 ± 4.55), (85.05 ± 4.61), (92.06 ± 4.37), and (88.72 ± 4.56) points, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The preoperative hip pain scores of the study group and the control group were (8.08 ± 0.45) and (7.96 ± 0.49) points, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t = 0.87, P = 0.392) ; at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation, the scores were (2.08 ± 0.51), (2.55 ± 0.55), (1.68 ± 0.46), (2.07 ± 0.41), (1.32 ± 0.38), (1.71 ± 0.41), (1.01 ± 0.22), and (1.18 ± 0.28) points, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The complication rate of postoperative in the study group was 0 (0/23), which was significantly lower than that [17.39% (4/23)] of the control group (χ 2 = 4.38, P = 0.036). Conclusion:Watson-Jone approach is adopted in total hip arthroplasty for patients with hip osteoarthritis caused by advanced Kashin-Beck disease, which can significantly reduce the pain of the hip joint and improve the function of the hip joint, with fewer postoperative complications, and is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation.
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OBJECTIVE：To prepare chelerythrine nanoparticles（CHE-NPs），optimize their formulation ，and evaluate its drug release behavior in vitro and its inhibitory effect on melanoma. METHODS ：Using methoxy polyethylene glycol-poly （lactic-co- glycolic acid ）（mPEG-PLGA）as carrier ，CHE-NPs were prepared by the nano-precipitation method. HPLC method and dialysis bag method were used to determine entrapment efficiency and drug loading. The formulation of CHE-NPs was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface design using overall desirability （OD）of them as dependent variables ，CHE dosage ，mPEG-PLGA concentration and poloxamer 188（F68）concentration as independent variables. The particle size and Zeta potential of CHE-NPs prepared by the optimal formulation were detected ；the characteristics of drug release in vitro were investigated ；the effects of CHE and CHE-NPs on survival rate of mice B 16 melanoma cells were compared ，and median inhibition concentrations （IC50）of them were calculated. RESULTS ：The optimal formulation included CHE of 2 mg，mPEG-PLGA of 13 mg/mL，F68 of 1.8％. Average entrapment efficiency rate of CHE-NPs prepared by the optimal formulation was （80.18±1.11）％，average drug loading was （11.36±0.28）％，average OD value was 0.96±0.04 [the relative deviation from predicted value （0.90）of OD was 6.67％]； particle size was （113.1±1.40）nm，and Zeta potential was （－21.6±0.29）mV；polydispersity index was 0.07±0.01（n＝3）； accumulative release rates of CHE control and CHE-NPs were 90.87％ and 68.68％ within 8 h，and drug release behavior in vitro of the latter was in accordance with Weibull kinetic model. Inhibitory effect of CHE-NPs on B 16 melanoma cells was significantly stronger than that of CHE ；the 24 h IC 50 of CHE-NPs and CHEwere 69.35 and 107.36 μg/mL，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The prepared CHE-NPs show good sustained-effect and high capacity of drug loading ，and strengthen the inhibitory effect of CHE on melanoma.
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OBJECTIVE：To estab lish fingerprint of Duzhong butiansu pill s，analyze its chemical pattern recognition ，and determine the contents of 7 components in Duzhong butiansu pills ，so as to provide reference for the quality control of the preparation. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Pntulips BP-C 18 Plus column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid water-acetonitrile as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 330 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. With paeonol as the reference，the HPLC fingerprints of 12 batches of Duzhong butiansu pills （S1-S12） were established with Similarity Evaluation System for TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）； common peaks were determined and the similarity was evaluated. The chromatographic peaks were identified by comparing with the reference substance. SPSS 21.0 and SIMCA 13.0 software were used for cluster analysis and principal component analysis ，and 22 common peaks were evaluated. The contents of the identified components in 12 batches of samples was determined by the above HPLC method. RESULTS ：A total of 22 common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprint of 12 batches of Duzhong butiansu pills ，and the similarity was no loss than 0.960. There were 7 chemical components identified ，which were gallic acid （peak 1），chlorogenic acid （peak 3），liquiritoside（peak 6），hyperoside （peak 7），verbascoside（peak 8），icariin（peak 14）and paeonol （peak 15）. Among the 12 batches of samples ，S1，S3-S5，S7， S9 and S 11 were classified as one category ，S2，S10 and S 124Y091 were clustered into one category ，S6 was one category and S was one category. The 22 common peaks were divided into three principal components. The characteristic value （15.130） and contribution rate （68.775％） of principal component 1 were the largest ，and the score coefficients of peak 3（0.305）and peak 4（0.298）were the highest. Among 12 batches of samples，the cont ents of above 7 components were 18.196 231.951 3，0.000 6-0.049 4，0.234 8-0.415 9，0.039 5-0.079 1，0.053 5-0.249 3，0.000 5-0.000 8，0.646 4-1.146 9 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS：HPLC fingerprint of Duzhong butiansu pills is established successfully. Twelve batches of samples are clustered into 4 category. Peak 3（chlorogenic acid ）and peak 4（unknown）may be the important factors causing the difference of samples. The content of gallic acid is the highest among the 7 components.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish fingerprint of Huafengdan yaomu ，and to determine the contents of 7 nucleosides in samples of different fermentation time. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Pntulips BP-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 260 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Using xanthine as reference， HPLC fingerprint of 12 batches of Huafengdan yaomu was drawn. The similarity of samples were evaluated with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition）. Common peaks were confirmed. The contents of uracil ， hypoxanthine，xanthine，uridine，inosine，guanosine and thymidine were determined in samples of different fermentation time （0， 1，2，3，4 weeks）by the same method. RESULTS ：There were 8 common peaks in 12 batches of Huafengdan yaomu ，with similarities ranging from 0.712 to 0.954；7 components were identified ，namely uracil ，hypoxanthine，xanthine，uridine，inosine， guanosine and thymidine. The linear ranges of mass concentrations of above 7 components in samples at different fermentation time were 0.87-8.7 μ g/mL （r＝0.999 6）， 4030 1.51-15.1 μg/mL（r＝0.999 7），6.08-60.8 μg/mL（r＝0.999 5）， 号） 1.52-15.2 μg/mL（r＝0.999 6），1.82-18.2 μg/mL（r＝0.999 6）， 1.48-14.8 μg/mL（r＝0.999 6），1.63-16.3 μg/mL（r＝0.999 3）. The limits of quantification were 0.027 4，0.076 3，0.250 4，0.172 3，0.101 1，0.078 3，and 0.084 2 μ g/mL，and the detection limits were 0.008 7，0.025 5，0.007 9，0.084 1，0.035 7，0.026 9，0.027 5 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ， repeatability and stability tests （12 h）were all less than 3％. The sample recovery rates were 94.16％-100.16％（RSD＝2.24％，n＝ 6），93.87％-100.65％（RSD＝2.67％，n＝6），93.52％-99.66％（RSD＝2.30％，n＝6），93.67％-98.24％（RSD＝1.89％，n＝6）， 96.00％-102.18％（RSD＝1.96％，n＝6），94.62％-101.54％（RSD＝2.82％，n＝6），97.72％-104.56％（RSD＝2.97％，n＝6）. After fermentation for 0-4 weeks，the contents of the above 7 components and total nucleosides were 0.042-0.232，0.027-0.181， 0.039-0.651，0.026-0.225，0.034-0.111，0.009-0.124，0.079-0.099，0.647-1.292 mg/g，respectively. After fermentation for 1-4 weeks，the contents of uracil ，hypoxanthine，xanthine and total nucleosides were significantly increased ，compared with 0 week of fermentation；the contents of uridine ，inosine and guanosine were significantly lower than those in 0 weeks. CONCLUSIONS ：The established fingerprint has strong characteristics and simple to operate ，which can be used for the quality control of Huafengdan yaomu；the content determination method is accurate and reliable ，and can be used to simultaneously determine the contents of 7 active nucleosides ；the content of nucleosides in Huafengdan muyao is affected by fermentation time.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA from different sources [plasma, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)] for CMV pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 405 recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 19 recipients diagnosed with CMV pneumonia were assigned into the CMV pneumonia group, and 229 recipients with CMV viremia alone, 11 recipients without CMV pneumonia who received fiberoptic bronchoscopy and 16 recipients diagnosed with bacterial or fungal pneumonia based on pathogenic evidence receiving sputum culture were assigned into the control A, B and C groups, respectively. The incidence of CMV pneumonia was summarized. The CMV DNA load of specimens from different sources (plasma, sputum and BALF) of recipients with CMV pneumonia was analyzed. The clinical prognosis of recipients with CMV pneumonia was evaluated. Results Among 405 recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 19 cases developed CMV pneumonia, and the overall incidence of CMV pneumonia was 4.7%(19/405). The CMV DNA load in the plasma, sputum and BALF of recipients with CMV pneumonia was higher than those in the control A, B and C groups (all P < 0.05). In the 19 recipients, 12 cases were cured after antiviral treatment and 7 died from treatment failure(3 cases abandoned treatment). The fatality was 37%(7/19). Conclusions Quantitative detection of CMV DNA in the plasma, sputum and BALF may increase the diagnostic rate of CMV pneumonia, thereby improving clinical prognosis of recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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OBJECTIVE：To c ompare the difference of volatile oil and fatty oil constituents from Cinnamomum migao in different sources. METHODS ：The steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction mothod were used to extract volatile oil and fatty oil from C. migao in different sources respectively ，and the extraction rates were calculated ；GC-MS was used to analyze volatile oils and fatty oils constituents from C. migao in different sources. The compounds were searched and matched through NIST 17，WILEY 275 databases and mass spectrometry computer date system. The relative percentage content of each constituent was calculated by peak area normalization method. RESULTS ：The extraction rates of the volatile oils from 4 batches of C. migao in different sources were 3.1％，4.5％，6.2％ and 5.5％，respectively；the extraction rates of the fatty oils from C. migao were 6.2％，8.3％，10.5％ and 9.4％，respectively. A total of 87 constituents were identified in 4 batches of volatile oils of C. migao in different sources ，of which 104 constituents were separated from S 1，67 were identified ，and the relative percentage content was 90.172％；102 constituents were separated from S2，73 were identified ，and the relative percentage contentwas 88.836％；77 constituents were separated from S 3，57 were identified ， with a relative percentage content of 93.972％；87 constituents were separated from S 4，60 were m identified，with a relative percentage content of 95.247％ . Among above 87 constituents，48 were monotyloids and their derivat ives，33 were sesquiterpenoids and their derivatives ，4 were aliphatic and 2 were ketones. There were 44 common constituents from the volatile oil of C. migao in different sources ，all of which were terpenoids. The relative percentage content of S 1-S4 were 38.556％，66.776％，88.886％ and 90.115％，respectively. Among 44 common constituents ，the relative percentage content of which were all greater than 1％ were 1，8-cineole（S2： 6.518％；S4：3.850％；S3：1.655％；S1：1.475％；），4-terpineol（S2：1.591％；S4：1.384％；S3：1.193％；S1：1.182％）， α-terpinenol（S3：8.662％；S4：7.173％；S2：6.503％；S1：4.839 ％），δ-cadinene（S3：8.597％；S4：5.329％；S2：2.677％； S1：2.547％），elemol（S3：4.781％；S2：4.113％；S1：2.568％；S4：1.897％）and γ-eudesmol（S2：4.061％；S3：2.167％；S1： 1.575％；S4：1.197％）. A total of 37 constituents were identified in the 4 batches of fatty oil of the C. migao in different sources ， of which 87 constituents were separated from S 1，34 were identified ，and the relative percentage content was 91.072％；69 constituents were separated from S 2，28 were identified ，and the relative percentage content was 90.527％；63 constituents were separated from S 3，23 were identified ，the relative percentage content was 85.297％；71 constituents were separated from S 4，24 were identified ，with relative percentage content of 91.527％. Among above 37 constituents，there were 21 monoterpenes and their derivatives，2 sesquiterpenes，13 aliphatics，and 1 alkane. There were 20 common constituents in fatty oil from C. migao of different sources ，and the relative percentage content in S 1-S4 were 89.667％，89.595％，84.651％ and 90.972％，respectively. Among 20 common constituents ，the constituents with relative percentage content greater than 1％ were methyl caprate （S4： 59.498％；S1：58.733％；S2：57.552％；S3：26.423％）and methyl dodecanoate （S3：31.434％；S2：26.990％；S1：25.095％； S4：24.334％）. CONCLUSIONS ：There are differences in volatile oil and fatty oil constituents of C. migao from different sources ， and the contents of the same constituent were also different.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish fingerprint of Lonicera japonica ，and to study its anti-inflammatory spectrum-effect relationship. METHODS ：HPLC was adopted. The determination was performed on Diamonsil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid solution-acetonitrile （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and detection wavelength was 238 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. Using chlorogenic acid as reference，HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of L. japonica from different production areas was established according to TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012 edition）. By comparing with reference substance ，chemical constituents corresponding to common peaks were identified ，and the similarity analysis was conducted. Acute and chronic inflammatory models of mice induced by xylene ，carrageenan and cotton ball were used to evaluate inhibition rate of 10 batches of L. japonica to ear，foot and granuloma swelling； the average value was calculated as the comprehensive pharmacodynamic index. The spectrum-effect relationship with HPLC fingerprint of L. japonica and anti-inflammatory effect was analyzed by grey relational analysis （GRA）and partial least squares regressiosn （PLSR）based on common peak area and comprehensive pharmacodynamic index . Chromatographic peaks with correlation＞0.7 and regression coefficient of PLSR model ＞0 were characteristic peaks. The percentage of peak areas of characteristic peaks to peak areas of common peak was calculated in 10 batches of L. japonica （e.g.“peak ratio ”）. RESULTS ： There were 25 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of L. japonica ，with similarity of 0.775-0.994. Totally 9 peaks were confirmed ，i.e. rutin （peak 18），hyperoside（peak 20），isochlorogenc acid B （peak 22），galuteolin（peak 21），chlorogenc acid（peak 9），loganin（peak 10），neochlorogenic acid （peak 2），isochlorogenic acid C （peak 25），isochlorogenic acid A （peak 23）. All 10 batches of L. japonica had inhibitory effects on ear swelling ，foot swelling and granuloma ，with average inhibitory rate of 47.95％-56.52％. The correlation by GRA was peak 8＞12＞18＞16＞3＞11＞20＞22＞19＞21＞1＞9＞10＞13＞24＞14＞2＞ 17＞25＞23＞5＞4＞15，and all of correlations were greater than 0.7. The regression coefficient of PLSR for peaks 2，4，5，7，8， 10，12，13，14，15，16，17，18，20，21，22，24 were all greater than 0；those peaks were positively correlated with anti-inflammatory effect and were characteristic peaks except for peak 7； among them ，VIP values of peaks 5，8，10，16，18， 20，24 were greater than 1. The peak ratio of 10 batches of L. japonica was 58.61％-71.19％. CONCLUSIONS ：HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of L. Japonica is successfully established. 10 batches of samples have similar components ，and the content of anti-inflammatory components is relatively high. The proportion of characteristic peaks to common peaks should not be less than 51.8％.
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OBJECTIVE：To prepar e Celastrol oral u lcer film ，and to evalute its quality primarily. METHODS ：The comprehensive scores of the appearance ，film formation and toughness of the drug film were used as indicators ，and the amount of celastrol was controlled to 0.05％. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the amount of excipients as starch ，sodium carboxymethyl cellulose，glycerol and condensed honey ，so as to optimize the formulation ；the validation test was performed. The adhesion force of the film prepared by the optimal formulation were determined. UV spectrophotometer was used to detect the content of celastrol in the film. RESULTS ：The optimal dosage of each excipient in Celastrol oral ulcer film was starch 1.0 g，sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.2 g，glycerin 0.4 g，condensed honey 1.5 g. In 3 times of validation tests ，the appearance of the prepared film was good. The average adhesion of the film prepared by the optimal formulation was 4.2 g，and the average content of celastrol was 0.135 3 mg/cm2（RSD＝1.90％，n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS ：In this study ，the best formulation of Celastrol oral ulcer film was optimized，and the film forming ability of the prepared film is good and the quality is stable and uniform.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of early monitoring doxorubicin ( DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity by apoptosis molecular imaging of 2-(5-[18F]fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) PET/CT. Methods Forty-seven BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the chemotherapy group ( n=30) and the control group ( n=17) according to the random number table. The mice in chemotherapy group were intraperitoneally injected with DOX ( 4 mg/kg) once a week for 3 weeks and mice in the control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. All mice were subjected to 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( FDG) and 18 F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging at day 0, 2, 9, 16, and left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) was continuously monitored using cine cardiac MR (cine-CMR) imaging. The region of interest (ROI) was delin-eated on PET/CT images, and the maximum percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (％ID/g) was calculated. The mice were sacrificed after imaging, and the heart tissue was taken for HE staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL) assay. One-way analysis of variance, independent-samples t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results In the chemotherapy group, the myocardial 18F-FDG uptake on day 0, 2, 9, 16 were (63.3±14.5), (93.7±24. 0), (153.6±20.6) and (135.8±32.5) ％ID/g respectively, and 18F-ML-10 uptake were (0.09±0.02), (0.18±0.03), (0.22± 0. 04) and (0.55±0.12) ％ID/g respectively. Compared with baseline (day 0), 18F-FDG and 18F-ML-10 uptake were significantly increased in the chemotherapy group at each time point after DOX administration (F=6.823, 20.848, both P<0.01). The myocardial 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG uptake were essentially un-changed at all time points in the control group(F=2.036, 1.155, both P>0.05). TUNEL and HE staining indicated that the cardiomyocytes in the chemotherapy group showed obvious apoptosis and vacuolization, and the apoptotic index (AI) was positively correlated with the 18F-ML-10 uptake (r=0.950, P<0. 01). The cine-CMR imaging results showed that the LVEF in the chemotherapy group continued to decrease after DOX administration (F=4.507, P<0.05), and significant difference was identified at day 16 (t=2.980, P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between 18F-ML-10 uptake and LVEF (r=-0.709, P=0. 01) . Conclusions Both 18 F-FDG and 18 F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging can early assess DOX-induced car-diotoxicity in vivo. Given the high targeting specificity of 18 F-ML-10, it may have a greater clinical transfor-mation advantage over 18 F-FDG in early assessment of cardiotoxicity.
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Objective To observe the evaluation function of gated equilibration ventriculography for the changes of left ventricular function in breast cancer with targeted therapy. Methods From February 2016 to December 2017, a total of 60 female breast cancer patients (age:28-65 (48.7±9.4) years) were included prospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: lapatinib combined with taxeme-based chemo-therapy group (group A;n=25, age:29-65 (47.8±11.3) years) and lapatinib monotherapy group (group B;n=35, age:31-62 (51.1±8.5) years). All patients underwent gated equilibration ventriculography be-fore treatment and 6/12 months after treatment. The parameters of left ventricular function including left ven-tricle ejection fraction (LVEF), peak ejection rate (PER), peak filling rate (PFR), 1/3 ejection fraction (EF), 1/3 filling fraction (FF), time to peak ejection rate (TPER) and time of peak filling rate (TPFR) were observed. Repeated measurement analysis of variance, independent-samples t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were performed. Results In group A, the PER at 12 months after treatment ((3.11±0.48) end-di-astolic volume (EDV)/s) was lower than that before treatment ((3.60±0.62) EDV/s;F=3.447, t=0.60, P<0. 05), while there was no statistical difference between PER at 6 months after treatment ((3.34±0.57) EDV/s) and that before treatment (t=0.51, P>0. 05);the PFR at 6 months ((3.07±0.71) EDV/s) and 12 months after treatment ((2.84±0.54) EDV/s) declined significantly compared with that before treatment ((3. 57± 0. 81) EDV/s;F=5.345, t=0.82 and 0.75, both P<0. 05) . In group B, the PFR at 12 months after treat-ment ((2.86±0.55) EDV/s) declined significantly compared with that before treatment ((3.23±0. 87) EDV/s;F=3.214, t=0.84, P<0. 05) . The decrease of PFR at 6 months and 12 months after treatment in group A was greater than that in group B (-0.37(-0.78, 0. 15) vs -0.13(-0.44, 0.17) EDV/s; z=-1.569, P<0. 05) . Conclusions The gated equilibration ventriculography can effectively monitor the left ventricular function of breast cancer patients after targeted therapy. PER and PFR may be more sensitive than other pa-rameters to assess heart function changes. The lapatinib combined with taxeme-based chemotherapy can af-fect diastolic function more and earlier than lapatinib monotherapy.
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Objective@#To investigate the feasibility of early monitoring doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity by apoptosis molecular imaging of 2-(5-[18F]fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid (18F-ML-10) PET/CT.@*Methods@#Forty-seven BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the chemotherapy group (n=30) and the control group (n=17) according to the random number table. The mice in chemotherapy group were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (4 mg/kg) once a week for 3 weeks and mice in the control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. All mice were subjected to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging at day 0, 2, 9, 16, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was continuously monitored using cine cardiac MR (cine-CMR) imaging. The region of interest (ROI) was delineated on PET/CT images, and the maximum percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was calculated. The mice were sacrificed after imaging, and the heart tissue was taken for HE staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. One-way analysis of variance, independent-samples t test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.@*Results@#In the chemotherapy group, the myocardial 18F-FDG uptake on day 0, 2, 9, 16 were (63.3±14.5), (93.7±24.0), (153.6±20.6) and (135.8±32.5) %ID/g respectively, and 18F-ML-10 uptake were (0.09±0.02), (0.18±0.03), (0.22±0.04) and (0.55±0.12) %ID/g respectively. Compared with baseline (day 0), 18F-FDG and 18F-ML-10 uptake were significantly increased in the chemotherapy group at each time point after DOX administration(F=6.823, 20.848, both P<0.01). The myocardial 18F-ML-10 and 18F-FDG uptake were essentially unchanged at all time points in the control group(F=2.036, 1.155, both P>0.05). TUNEL and HE staining indicated that the cardiomyocytes in the chemotherapy group showed obvious apoptosis and vacuolization, and the apoptotic index (AI) was positively correlated with the 18F-ML-10 uptake (r=0.950, P<0.01). The cine-CMR imaging results showed that the LVEF in the chemotherapy group continued to decrease after DOX administration (F=4.507, P<0.05), and significant difference was identified at day 16 (t=2.980, P<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between 18F-ML-10 uptake and LVEF (r=-0.709, P=0.01).@*Conclusions@#Both 18F-FDG and 18F-ML-10 PET/CT imaging can early assess DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. Given the high targeting specificity of 18F-ML-10, it may have a greater clinical transformation advantage over 18F-FDG in early assessment of cardiotoxicity.
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Objective@#To observe the evaluation function of gated equilibration ventriculography for the changes of left ventricular function in breast cancer with targeted therapy.@*Methods@#From February 2016 to December 2017, a total of 60 female breast cancer patients (age: 28-65 (48.7±9.4) years) were included prospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: lapatinib combined with taxeme-based chemotherapy group (group A; n=25, age: 29-65 (47.8±11.3) years) and lapatinib monotherapy group (group B; n=35, age: 31-62 (51.1±8.5) years). All patients underwent gated equilibration ventriculography before treatment and 6/12 months after treatment. The parameters of left ventricular function including left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), peak ejection rate (PER), peak filling rate (PFR), 1/3 ejection fraction (EF), 1/3 filling fraction (FF), time to peak ejection rate (TPER) and time of peak filling rate (TPFR) were observed. Repeated measurement analysis of variance, independent-samples t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were performed.@*Results@#In group A, the PER at 12 months after treatment ((3.11±0.48) end-diastolic volume (EDV)/s) was lower than that before treatment ((3.60±0.62) EDV/s; F=3.447, t=0.60, P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference between PER at 6 months after treatment ((3.34±0.57) EDV/s) and that before treatment (t=0.51, P>0.05); the PFR at 6 months ((3.07±0.71) EDV/s) and 12 months after treatment ((2.84±0.54) EDV/s) declined significantly compared with that before treatment ((3.57±0.81) EDV/s; F=5.345, t=0.82 and 0.75, both P<0.05). In group B, the PFR at 12 months after treatment ((2.86±0.55) EDV/s) declined significantly compared with that before treatment ((3.23±0.87) EDV/s; F=3.214, t=0.84, P<0.05). The decrease of PFR at 6 months and 12 months after treatment in group A was greater than that in group B (-0.37(-0.78, 0.15) vs -0.13(-0.44, 0.17) EDV/s; z=-1.569, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The gated equilibration ventriculography can effectively monitor the left ventricular function of breast cancer patients after targeted therapy. PER and PFR may be more sensitive than other parameters to assess heart function changes. The lapatinib combined with taxeme-based chemotherapy can affect diastolic function more and earlier than lapatinib monotherapy.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) promoting apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells SW1990, Patu8988 and BxPC3. Methods Three kinds of pancreatic cancer cells SW1990, Patu8988 and BxPC3 were transfected with the pCA13 plasmid carrying TRAIL gene ( pCA13 TRAIL group) and the blank plasmid control ( pCA13 group) , respectively. The expression of TRAIL mRNA in transfected cells was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression of TRAIL protein was detected by Western blot. The apoptosis rate and expression of TRAIL receptor R1 and R2 were detected by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and Hoechst double staining, and observed by electron microscopy. The expression of caspase-3 in transfected cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results SW1990, Patu8988 and BxPC3 cells can expresse TRAIL mRNA and protein within 24 h after transfection. The apoptotic rate at 24 h after transfection was (27. 30 ± 5. 14)％, (13. 52 ± 0. 95)％ and (31. 40 ± 8. 70)％,respectively, which was higher than that of pCA13 group [(10. 58 ± 1. 88)％,(8. 42 ± 0. 46)％ and (16.11 ±1.66)％], respectively. The expression rates of TRAIL-R1 were (61.37 ± 3.05)％,(42.10 ± 5. 11)％ and (36. 64 ± 4. 84)％, respectively, and the expression rates of TRAIL-R2 were (36. 20 ± 4. 83)％,(37. 26 ± 8. 46)％ and (24. 32 ± 3. 71)％, respectively,which were higher than those of pCA13 group except PATU8988 cells. Positivity rates of caspase-3 were ( 14. 64 ± 5. 35 )％, ( 9. 92 ± 5. 50 )％ and (16. 12 ± 6. 74)％, which were obviously higher than ( 3. 01 ± 1. 50 )％, ( 1. 75 ± 0. 50 )％ and ( 3. 79 ± 1. 58)％ in pCA13 group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). Conclusions TRAIL could up-regulate the expression of TRAIL R1 and R2 in multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro, and thus promote cell apoptosis.
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OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of different doses of total alkaloids from Aconitum racemulosum （ARTA） on serum inflammation factors and FOS protein expression in synovial tissue of joint in collagen-induced arthritis （CIA） model rats， and to investigate its potential mechanism of anti-rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. METHODS： Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， positive group （Compound dexamethasone acetate ointment， 0.2 g/kg）， ARTA low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （56.26， 112.50， 225.00 mg/kg， by the weight of ARTA in the extract）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were given subcutaneous injection of Bovine collagen Ⅱ emulsified with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant into the left foot to establish CIA model； the left foot were smeared with relevant medicine from the day of modeling. Blank group and model group were smeared with constant volume of 65％ ethanol， 3 times a day， for consecutive 28 days. On the 7th， 14th， 21st and 28th day of administration， the thickness of left hind toe was measured with vernier caliper， and the degree of foot swelling was calculated. The serum contents of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in rats were measured by ELISA after last administration. The expression of FOS protein in synovial tissue was determined by immunohistochemical method [expressed by HIS]. The comprehensive score was conculated by entropy weight method. Effects of each dosage on above indexes of CIA model rats were evaluated with the comprehensive score. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， the degree of foot swelling， serum content of inflammatory factors and HIS value were increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the degree of foot swelling in each administration group， serum contents of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α， HIS in positive group and ARTA high-dose group， serum contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in ARTA medium-dose group as well as serum content of TNF-α in ARTA low-dose group were decreased significantly（P＜0.05）. Comprehensive score of above indicators were 0.37（positive group）， 0.31（ARTA high-dose group）， 0.23（ARTA medium-dose group） and 0.09（ARTA low-dose group）. CONCLUSIONS： ARTA can improve CIA model rats， and the effect tends to increase with the increase of dose. Above effect may be associated with reducing serum content of inflammatory factors and inhibiting the expression of FOS protein in synovial tissue.