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Purpose@#Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer have increased the patients’ stress level and decreased the quality of life. A variety of instruments are currently available to evaluate patients with prostate cancer. However, only a few tools are available to assess Korean patients, and therefore we demonstrated a linguistic validation of Korean Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP). @*Methods@#EPIC-CP was translated into Korean and the linguistic validation was evaluated. The evaluation process includes permission for translation, forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, cognitive debriefing, and proofreading. Two bilingual translators independently translated the original questionnaire, discussed the feasibility and naturalness of initial translation, followed by revision to the reconciled version. Another translator then performed a backward translation into English. Ten patients with prostate cancer completed the translated questionnaire and performed cognitive debriefing. @*Results@#The original EPIC-CP was translated into 2 Korean versions. The different wording in both versions and the ordinary words in the initial translations were changed considering the nuances and meanings of medical terms. During the backward translation, the panels made slight changes to clarify the meaning and nuances of the translated questionnaire. During cognitive debriefing, 10 patients answered the questionnaire and offered their opinions regarding comprehensibility and naturalness. Most patients agreed that the translation was comprehensible in general. @*Conclusions@#Our study provides a successful linguistic validation of the EPIC-CP questionnaire. The translation is a helpful diagnostic tool to ensure the quality of life of patients with prostate cancer attending crowded clinics.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization of interdentally stripped teeth after fluoride gel or hydroxyapatite paste application. METHODS: After interdental stripping, 1.23% fluoride gel or 10% hydroxyapatite paste was applied three times a day, with a duration of four minutes, for a week. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to compare the change of surface contents and crystal structures before and after the application of fluoride gel or hydroxyapatite paste. RESULTS: EDS analysis indicated that calcium contents were increased after 10% HAp paste application on stripped enamel (p < 0.01). SEM view showed that enamel surfaces in groups of 1.23% APF gel or 10% HAp paste application were smoother than those of control group, which was regarded as filling of the pore structure. And pores between crystal structures in groups treated with 1.23% APF gel or 10% HAp paste were smaller than those of control group. CONCLUSIONS: Application of APF or HAp on stripped enamel could positively influence on the surface contents or crystal structure.