A Case of Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis Which Was Difficult to Differentiate From Sarcoidosis / 대한이비인후과학회지

Nasopharyngeal mass is a disease that can cause unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction. Common diseases that can cause nasal obstruction include antrochoanal polyp, adenoid remnants, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis and nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis are two rare diseases that involve the nasopharynx and manifest as nasopharyngeal mass, and they share common histopathologic findings of granulomatous inflammation. We report a case where a patient complaining of nasal obstruction was found with nasopharyngeal mass with smooth surface, which was difficult to differentiate nasopharyngeal tuberculosis from nasopharyngeal sarcoidosis due to similar clinical manifestations and histopathologic findings.

Neuroglial Choristoma of the Middle Ear with Massive Tympanosclerosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Neuroglialchoristoma is a rare cerebral heterotopia typically involving extracranial midline structures of the head and neck, including the nose, nasopharynx and oral cavity. It rarely involves non-midline structures, such as the middle ear, mastoid and orbit. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with right-sided hearing loss and aural fullness who was diagnosed with neuroglialchoristoma of the middle ear and mastoid. To our knowledge, this is the first report on neuroglialchoristomawith massive tympanosclerosis. The presence of combination supported the inhalation theory of neuroglialchoristoma, given that tympanosclerosis is typically caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Hybrid Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery with Sentinel Lymph Node Navigation for Deep Early Gastric Cancer in the Fundic Region

For patients refusing surgical treatment for deep early gastric cancer, hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery with sentinel lymph node navigation is a potential treatment option, particularly when the anatomic location of the cancer has low probability of lymph node metastasis. We report a case of deep early gastric cancer of the fundus beyond the endoscopic submucosal dissection indication that was treated by hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery with sentinel lymph node navigation. In a conventional approach, a total gastrectomy would have been needed; however, the patient refused surgical intervention. In this case, since the patient showed no positivity of the sentinel lymph node on intraoperative navigation, laparoscopic basin lymph node dissection was not performed. Hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery might be considered for specific regions such as the safety zone where lymph node metastases are less likely to occur.

Ureteral Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, Chronic Inflammation, and Renal Artery Atherosclerosis

No abstract available.

Complicated benign cystic mesothelioma of mesoappendix misdiagnosed as an appendiceal abscess in a postpartum period woman

Benign cystic mesothelioma is an uncommon tumor arising from the peritoneal mesothelium. It is characterized by multilocular grapelike, thin-, and translucent-walled cysts, or a unilocular cyst lined by benign mesothelial cells. It occurs predominantly in women of reproductive age, and shows a predilection for the surface of the pelvic peritoneum or visceral peritoneum. Patients usually present abdominal pain and palpable mass, but many cases have been found incidentally during laparotomy. Definite preoperative diagnosis is known to be difficult. Benign cystic mesothelioma has a tendency towards local recurrence, although the gross microscopic features are benign. Moreover, there is controversy over whether this disease is neoplastic or reactive. Initial complete surgical resection and cytoreductive surgery for recurred cases are standard treatments. In the following report, we describe a case of complicated benign cystic mesothelioma in a postpartum woman, involving the pelvic peritoneum and mesoappendix, which was initially misdiagnosed as a periappendiceal abscess.

A Case of Crohn's Disease Having Normal Delivery after Infliximab Treatment during Early Pregnancy / 대한소화기학회지

Infliximab is a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha used in the treatment of steroid refractory or dependent Crohn's disease (CD). Patients with active CD are more likely to experience stillbirth, preterm labor, or small for gestational aged babies. The safety of administering infliximab in pregnant patients is not well documented. A 25-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with small bowel CD three years ago, was admitted to our hospital due to the aggravation of abdominal pain. She had been treated with mesalazine, azathioprine and intermittent steroid for three years. After admission, she did not respond to steroid therapy, we decided to try infliximab. After the administration of infliximab, epigastric pain was relived and Crohn's disease activity index score decreased significantly. However after the fourth infusion of infliximab, the patient became aware that she was ten gestational weeks old pregnancy state After then, infliximab was stopped and maintained by mesalazine. The patient gave birth to a healthy baby via normal vaginal delivery without the recurrence of CD. This case suggests that infliximab administration is safe during the early period of pregnancy. Thus, we report this case with a review of literature.

Clinical characteristics of acute appendiceal diverticulitis / 대한외과학회지

PURPOSE: Diverticulitis of vermiform appendix is known as a rare cause of acute appendicitis, most of which are diagnosed after surgery. We compared appendiceal diverticulitis with acute appendicitis to study the clinical characteristics of appendiceal diverticulitis. METHODS: Among 1,029 patients who received appendectomy from January 2009 to May 2011, 38 patients with appendiceal diverticulitis (diverticulitis group) were compared with 98 randomly collected patients with acute appendicitis (appendicitis group) during the same period. Patients' characteristics, clinical features, laboratory findings, operative findings, and postoperative course were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (3.7%) were pathologically diagnosed with acute appendiceal diverticulitis among 1,029 cases of appendectomy. The mean age of patients in the diverticulitis group was significantly older than that of the appendicitis group (49.0 +/- 15.2 years vs. 25.4 +/- 14.2 years, P < 0.05). Mean duration of preoperative symptoms was longer in the diverticulitis group (3.6 +/- 3.8 days vs. 1.8 +/- 3.2 days, P < 0.05). The site of abdominal pain, fever, signs of localized peritonitis, accompanying gastrointestinal symptoms, and white blood cell count showed no differences between the two groups. Twenty-five patients (65.8%) of the diverticulitis group and 10 patients (10.2%) of the appendicitis group showed perforation of appendix (P < 0.05). Mean operating time and postoperative hospital stay were longer in the diverticulitis group (55.3 +/- 28.8 minutes vs. 41.4 +/- 17.8 minutes, 6.8 +/- 3.4 days vs. 4.9 +/- 1.5 days, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acute diverticulitis of the appendix can be classified into quite different disease entities compared with acute appendicitis. Regarding high rates of perforation, immediate surgical treatment is needed for patients with a high index of suspicion of acute diverticulitis of the appendix.

Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosacoma of Uterus: A Case Study

Uterine rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) typically presents as a mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Pure RMSs of the female genital tract are uncommon. Spindle cell variant of RMS is a rare morphologic subtype of embryonal RMS and mostly occurs in the paratesticular region of children. Here, we present a case of uterine spindle cell RMS in a 76-year-old woman. The tumor, 20x15x7 cm in size, was highly necrotic and adherent to the colon and rectum. Tumor cells were mostly spindle-shaped, and isolated rhabdomyoblasts were scattered. Immunohistochemical stains for myoglobin and myo-D1 showed diffuse positivity for tumor cells. The patient died only of disease three months after diagnosis.

Chronic and Recurrent Subareolar Abscess of the Breast from Underlying Causes

A subareolar abscess is the most common non-puerperal abscess of the breast. The main cause of a subareolar abscess is squamous metaplasia, which obstructs the lactiferous ducts and leads to the stasis of secretions and rupture of the ducts. However, there are other causes of subareolar abscess formation.

The Expression Pattern of Annexin A1 in Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance

BACKGROUND: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is known to be involved in the progression and differentiation of various tumors. However, its significance and role in bladder carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. To determine the role ANXA1 plays in urothelial carcinoma (UC), we investigated the expression of ANXA1 protein in normal urothelial tissue, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and UC of the urinary bladder. METHODS: Protein expression level of ANXA1 and its subcellular localization were analyzed in 88 cases of UCs and corresponding 24 normal tissues and 24 CISs by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: ANXA1 was significantly down-regulated at all subcellular localization in CIS and in the cytoplasm and membrane of cells of UC, compared to normal tissues. No significant correlation between ANXA1 expression level and tumor depth (pT), growth pattern, and recurrence was found. However, cytoplasmic and membranous ANXA1 were significantly up-regulated in high grade than in low grade UC (p=0.02 in cytoplasm and p=0.03 in membrane). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ANXA1 dysregulation is involved in urothelial carcinogenesis and ANXA1 is potentially a marker for the pathologic differentiation of UC.

A Case of Steroid Treated Amebic Colitis Misdiagnosed as Eosinophilic Colitis / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Some cases have reported that amebic colitis leads to serious complications that are caused by a misdiagnosis of an inflammatory bowel disease and consequential ill-managed steroid therapy. Therefore, it should be stressed that the differential diagnosis on such a case is very important. Eosinophilic colitis may reveal its presence as diarrhea, abdominal pain, ascites, and eosinophilic deposits in tissues. Therefore, it is highly necessary to make a differential diagnosis to distinguish eosinophilic colitis from other infectious or inflammatory bowel diseases. We report a case of amebic colitis, which was mistakenly diagnosed as eosinophilic colitis and a liver eosinophilic abscess in a young male who complained of bloody diarrhea and right upper quadrant pain. However, the misdiagnosed steroid therapy did not aggravate the progress of the amebic infection.

A Case of Schwannoma Arising from the Sphenoid Sinus / 대한이비인후과학회지

Schwannomas are neurogenic tumors that arise from the Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. Although up to 45% of all schwannomas occur in the head and neck region, only 4% involve the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A 56-year-old female presented with an incidentally discovered lesion in the left posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses on the brain magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well demarcated mass without bony destruction with isointensity in T1 and hyperintensity in T2 weighted scans. Eighteen months later, repeated computed tomography showed an enlargement of the mass with the erosion of the adjacent sinus wall and left vidian canal. She underwent an endoscopic mass removal, which revealed a pale yellowish, firm mass in the left posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Final histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a schwannoma. There has been no evidence of recurrence during the two-year follow-up.

Enterobius vermicularis Ova in a Vaginal Smear

Enterobius vermicularis is one of the most common parasites found in the intestine of humans. The gravid female worms migrate outside the anus to release eggs on the perianal skin. Rarely, they migrate to the genitourinary tract in female patients. We present a case in which pinworm eggs were found in a cervicovaginal smear of a 37-year-old woman. The eggs were elongated oval shaped and flattened on one side. The thick, double contoured birefringent shell stained bright yellow or orange. Some coarsely granular embryos or curved larvae were enclosed in the refractile shell. Empty eggs or wrinkled shells with clumped granular material were also present. Although pinworm eggs are easily identified because of their characteristic morphologic appearance, careful screening is needed due to the frequent masking by inflammatory cells.

Adenocarcinoma Arising from Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Cervical Esophagus: A Case Report

Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) of the upper esophagus, referred as "cervical inlet patch (CIP)", is a benign lesion that is present in 3.8-10% of the adult population. Adenocarcinomas arising from HGM of the upper esophagus are exceedingly rare. The authors report one additional case of histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma arising from a CIP. The patient had concomitant primary adenocarcinoma of the colon. The right hemicolectomy specimen and total esophagectomy specimen after preoperative chemoradiotherapy showed histologically different adenocarcinomas. The residual esophageal tumor was characterized by large mucin pools, fibrous septa, and floating tumor cells. HGM of both the fundic and antral types was seen on the surface and sides of the tumor. The independent origins of the two cancers were confirmed by immunohistochemical studies for cytokeratins 7 and 20. Without further treatment, the patient remained free of disease after 29 months of follow-up.

Localized Polyarteritis Nodosa of the Breast with Mammary Duct Ectasia: A Case Report / 한국유방암학회지

We describe here a case of localized polyarteritis nodosa that involved the unilateral breast in a 69-yr-old woman. She presented with a tender breast mass and had suffered for two months. On physical examination, an ill-defined 2 cm sized, firm mass was palpated. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a mass like lesion that contained microcalcifications. The mass was excised because of the suspicion of carcinoma. The histologic findings were vasculitis involving medium and small sized-arteries that showed marked neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltrations with intimal fibroplasias and fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina. The patient progressed well after surgical excision. The discussion includes the importance of differential diagnosis between localized polyarteritis nodosa and other vasculitis, and review of previously reported cases of vasculitis of the breast. Only 13 cases of polyarteritis nodosa of the breast have been reported and this is the first case of polyarteritis nodosa with mammary duct ectasia.

Clinicopathologic Analysis of Lymphocytic Gastritis

BACKGROUND: Lymphocytic gastritis (LG) is defined as an infiltration of more than 25 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) per 100 surface epithelial cells, and the histological differential diagnosis of LG and residual mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma can be difficult. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is regarded as one of the possible causes of LG, but its clinicopathologic features of LG have not been clarified in Korea, which has a much higher prevalence of H. pylori infection than Western countries. We analyzed the clinicopathologic findings of LG in Korean patients and compared the cytologic findings of IELs of LG with those of MALT lymphoma. METHODS: Sixty six cases of LG and 59 cases of MALT lymphoma were selected and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen cases (27.3%) of LG were found to be associated with H. pylori infection. The IELs in LG were found to diffusely and regularly infiltrate in the epithelium, but MALT lymphoma showed patchy IELs. IELs in LG and MALT lymphoma were CD 8+T lymphocytes and CD20+B lymphocytes, respectively. The mean nuclear size of IELs in LG was 4.37 micrometer, which was significantly smaller than those in MALT lymphoma (5.19 micrometer). CONCLUSION: LG, a rare variant of chronic gastritis is partly associated with H. pylori infection and more complex unknown causative factors. In addition to the immunophenotyping, the nuclear sizes of IELs can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of LG and residual MALT lymphoma.

Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma: A Case Report

We report a case of nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma. A 14-year-old boy presented with a 5 cm sized mass in the left maxillary sinus, facial swelling and a loose tooth. A subtotal left maxillectomy with a bone graft was performed. The excised mass was composed of partly encapsulated, solid and cystic fragments of soft tissues. The mass contained chondroid and myxoid areas consisting of mesenchymal tissues including hyaline cartilage, osteoid and spindle cells in various proportions. The hyaline cartilage component was the most prominent. The spindle cell component had a fibrous matrix with variable myxoid or sclerotic changes. Thick hyalinized eosinophilic osteoid-like trabeculae were focally present. Immunohistochemically, all the mesenchymal cells tested positive for vimentin. The chondrocytes tested positive for the S-100 protein, and the spindle cell component showed focal immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and desmin. However, the cells were negative to pan-cytokeratin and p63.

Metastatic Melanoma Mimicking a Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Case Report / 대한세포병리학회지

Metastasis to the thyroid gland is very rare in clinical practice. We recently encountered a 65-year-old woman who presented with a large thyroid nodule that mimicked the cytologic features of a papillary thyroid carcinoma on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Although initially diagnosed as a papillary thyroid carcinoma, a thorough clinical work-up revealed multiple lesions in the bones, liver, and nasal cavity, which were confirmed as metastases of a malignant melanoma. Despite a thorough physical examination, however, the primary skin lesion could not be identified. Although FNAB shows a high degree of accuracy in diagnosing primary thyroid tumors, it is less accurate in diagnosing metastases to the thyroid gland. A thorough clinical history with appropriate immunohistochemical staining assays is necessary for the accurate diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma.