Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 and tear film breakup time in dogs

Background@#The association between vitamin D and canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has not been investigated in dogs. @*Objectives@#To investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) and tear film breakup time (TFBUT) in dogs. @*Methods@#Sixty-one clinically healthy, client-owned dogs were enrolled. STT-1 and TFBUT were measured in 122 (61dogs) and 82 (41 dogs out of total 61 dogs) eyes, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated by quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. The dogs were classified into 6 groups according to the evaluations (STT-1: group 1, normal [≥ 15 mm/min] in both eyes; group 2, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 15 mm/min] in the fellow eye; group 3, abnormal in both eyes; TFBUT: group 4, normal [≥ 20 sec] in both eyes; group 5, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 20 sec] in the fellow eye; group 6, abnormal in both eyes). @*Results@#STT-1 was positively correlated with TFBUT (p < 0.001). Among the STT-1 groups, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in group 1 was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 with positive correlation (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among the TFBUT groups 4, 5, and 6. @*Conclusions@#In dogs, it was found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations had a greater effect on quantitative KCS than qualitative KCS. Therefore, it is considered that measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentration could be included in the diagnostic tests in canine quantitative KCS patients.

Reference values for selected dry eye tests in normal Beagle dogs: a pilot study

Background@#Dry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1). @*Objectives@#To establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs. @*Methods@#The STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer. @*Results@#Mean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30–80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80–140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%–50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%–50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (P = 0.038), there were no significant associations between DETs. @*Conclusions@#Data obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.

Application of superficial keratectomy and soft contact lens for the treatment of symblepharon in a cat:a case report

A 7-month-old intact female Persian cat was diagnosed with symblepharon accompanied by epiphora, brownish ocular discharge, and ocular discomfort in the left eye. Superficial keratectomy (SK) was performed to remove adhesions between the conjunctiva and cornea.To prevent re-adhesion after SK, the detached conjunctival tissue was sutured to the corneal limbus, and a soft contact lens (SCL) was inserted and a partial temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed. The SCL and tarsorrhaphy sutures were maintained for 22 days, and symblepharon did not recur 347 days postoperatively. SK combined with SCL is a relatively easy and cost-effective surgical option for feline symblepharon.

Application of superficial keratectomy and soft contact lens for the treatment of symblepharon in a cat:a case report

A 7-month-old intact female Persian cat was diagnosed with symblepharon accompanied by epiphora, brownish ocular discharge, and ocular discomfort in the left eye. Superficial keratectomy (SK) was performed to remove adhesions between the conjunctiva and cornea.To prevent re-adhesion after SK, the detached conjunctival tissue was sutured to the corneal limbus, and a soft contact lens (SCL) was inserted and a partial temporary tarsorrhaphy was performed. The SCL and tarsorrhaphy sutures were maintained for 22 days, and symblepharon did not recur 347 days postoperatively. SK combined with SCL is a relatively easy and cost-effective surgical option for feline symblepharon.

Application of porcine small intestinal submucosa (Vetrix BioSIS® ) for recurrent corneal sequestrum in an American shorthair cat

A 15-year-old, spayed, female American shorthair cat presented with recurrent corneal sequestrum in the right eye. The cat had undergone superficial keratectomy twice for corneal sequestrum treatment 5 and 11 months previously. Two layers of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS; Vetrix BioSIS® ) were applied to the surgical corneal defect after keratectomy. Thereafter, clinical signs, such as lacrimation, blepharospasm, and corneal ulcer, disappeared 50 days postoperatively. Moreover, the application of SIS with keratectomy prevented recurrence until 651 days after surgery. SIS could be applied as an additional bioscaffold for surgical repair of corneal sequestrum recurring after superficial keratectomy alone in cats.

Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Identified in Nursing Notes Using Reinforcement Learning / 대한의료정보학회지

ObjectivesElectronic Health Records (EHRs)-based surveillance systems are being actively developed for detecting adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but this is being hindered by the difficulty of extracting data from unstructured records. This study performed the analysis of ADRs from nursing notes for drug safety surveillance using the temporal difference method in reinforcement learning (TD learning).MethodsNursing notes of 8,316 patients (4,158 ADR and 4,158 non-ADR cases) admitted to Ajou University Hospital were used for the ADR classification task. A TD(λ) model was used to estimate state values for indicating the ADR risk. For the TD learning, each nursing phrase was encoded into one of seven states, and the state values estimated during training were employed for the subsequent testing phase. We applied logistic regression to the state values from the TD(λ) model for the classification task.ResultsThe overall accuracy of TD-based logistic regression of 0.63 was comparable to that of two machine-learning methods (0.64 for a naïve Bayes classifier and 0.63 for a support vector machine), while it outperformed two deep learning-based methods (0.58 for a text convolutional neural network and 0.61 for a long short-term memory neural network). Most importantly, it was found that the TD-based method can estimate state values according to the context of nursing phrases.ConclusionsTD learning is a promising approach because it can exploit contextual, time-dependent aspects of the available data and provide an analysis of the severity of ADRs in a fully incremental manner.

Application of porcine small intestinal submucosa (Vetrix BioSIS® ) for recurrent corneal sequestrum in an American shorthair cat

A 15-year-old, spayed, female American shorthair cat presented with recurrent corneal sequestrum in the right eye. The cat had undergone superficial keratectomy twice for corneal sequestrum treatment 5 and 11 months previously. Two layers of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS; Vetrix BioSIS® ) were applied to the surgical corneal defect after keratectomy. Thereafter, clinical signs, such as lacrimation, blepharospasm, and corneal ulcer, disappeared 50 days postoperatively. Moreover, the application of SIS with keratectomy prevented recurrence until 651 days after surgery. SIS could be applied as an additional bioscaffold for surgical repair of corneal sequestrum recurring after superficial keratectomy alone in cats.

Effect of social support and self-esteem on the oral health behaviors of Korean elderly people / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the oral health behaviors and the relationships between social support, self-esteem, and oral health behaviors. METHODS: The institutions were selected based on the “2016 Elderly Welfare Facilities Status.” A total of 195 people participated in interviews conducted using a 39-item questionnaire. It included information on the following topics: a) sociodemographic and health-related characteristics (11 items), b) oral health behaviors (6), c) social support (12), and d) self-esteem (10). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, a reliability test, a t-test, an ANOVA, a Pearson's correlation test, and a stepwise multiple regression, conducted using the SPSS 23.0 program. RESULTS: Of the 195 participants, 165 (84.6%) brushed their teeth twice a day; however only 74 (38.0%) participants used oral care products. Although many (64.6%) elderly people visited a dentist at least once a year, only a few (24.6%) visited the dentist for preventive purposes. Oral health behaviors had a positive correlation with self-esteem, significant others' support, and friends'support (.337, .270, and .254, respectively; P<.01). According to the multiple regression analysis, self-esteem, significant others' support, perceived health status, number of existing permanent teeth, friends' support, degree of exercise, gender, and average monthly expenditure had a significant effect on the participants' oral health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that social support and self-esteem might be major predictors of oral health behaviors. These results suggest that psychosocial factors need to be taken into account in the oral health education provided for elderly people.

Clinical Utility of Bronchial Washing PCR for IS6110 and Amplicor for the Rapid Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Smear Negative Patients / 결핵

BACKGROUND: There is a well recognized interlaboratory variation in the results using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to detect the IS6110 sequence. The clinical utility of a commercially developed PCR test(Amplicor) in bronchial washings for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in smear negative patients was evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of Amplicor was compared with that of an in-house PCR test used for detecting the IS6110 sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tbc) in the bronchial washing fluid. METHODS: 66 patients whose sputum smear for M.tbc were negative or who could not produce any sputum were recruited from January 1999 to July 1999. They all had a bronchoscopy performed to determine if there were signs of hemoptysis, patients who could not cough up sputum, lung lesion that exclude pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed on the basis of a positive culture or a response to anti-tuberculosis therapy. RESULTS: 19 patients with tuberculosis were identified and samples from 16 patients were later confirmed by culture. Bronchial washing for Amplicor PCR revealed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 94.7%, 97.9%, 94.7%, 97.9%, respectively. Using IS6110 based PCR, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were of 73.7%, 87.2%, 70%, 89.1% respectively. CONCLUSION: Bronchial washing for Amplicor PCR proved to be more useful than IS6110 based PCR in rapidly diagnosing smear negative pulmonary pulmoary tuberculosis in patients where tuberculosis was likely to be differential and rapid diagnosis was essential for optimal treatment.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EXPRESSION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA Cyt-b AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR mRNA IN BREAST CANCER / 解剖学报

Objective To study the significance of the expression of mitochondrial DNA Cyt-b and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in human breast cancer. Methods Reversed-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was applied to detect the expressions of mtDNA Cyt-b and VEGF in 19 samples of breast cancer tissue and 19 samples of peritumoral tissues.?-actin served as a quantitative standard marker.The different expressions in breast cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues were compared and their relations with clinical pathology parameters were analyzed. Results The expressions of mtDNA Cyt-b and VEGF mRNA in 19 samples of breast cancer tissues were higher than those in paracancerous tissues,with a significant difference between the two groups(P