RESUMEN
This study was performed in Radiation and Isotopes Center of Khartoum [RICK] and National Cancer Institute [NCI] University of Gazeria. It focused in patients who treated in period of 2008-2009. The study investigated the risk factor and causative factors and geographical distribution over Sudan States and relationship of incidence with some patient's customs and dietary habits like in Sudan. This study summarizes recent scientific evidence of environmental and occupational links to nearly 30 types of cancer. The study presents the state of the evidence on causal associations between environmental and occupational exposures and specific cancer types. The discussion of each cancer type is introduced by highlights of trends in incidence and mortality rates. The study considers additional indications that involuntary exposures are linked to cancers, such as patterns observed in different geographic areas and among different populations, including patterns of cancer in children. The purpose of this study is to review scientific evidence, particularly epidemiologic evidence, regarding the contribution of environmental and occupational exposures to the overall cancer burden in the Sudan. The study was discussed that widespread general exposures of air and water pollution, the work environment, exposures resulting from personal habits such as smoking and drinking, and the diet, the concern that involuntary exposures to substances in the air, water, and work environment are major contributors to cancer in humans has persisted. In the past three decades, there have been several efforts to estimate the proportion of cancer due to these involuntary exposures, starting with an ambitious effort by different scientists and more recently by another group. In this study, we review the evidence that scientists have summarized, and their resulting estimates of the proportion of cancer due to various factors. The study provided an alternative interpretation of the evidence and a caution against the very idea of attributing specific fractions or proportions of cancer to particular factors. We conclude the study by recommending that environmental and occupational links to cancer be given serious consideration by individuals and institutions concerned with cancer prevention, particularly those involved in research and public education
RESUMEN
The study was conducted at the Radiation and Isotopes Center of Khartoum [RICK] during the period April 2009- August 2009. The aim of the study was to verify the superimposition of light and radiation field size on Cobalt-60 machine using image processing technique. The portal films used in the test were scanned using digitizer scanner. Then they analyzed using Interactive Digital Language [IDL] program to show the superimposition, in which more concentration was made on field center and borders, provided that the analysis included the four borders of the two fields. Both the standard deviation and the mean methods were used in the analysis process. For all score variations in this study t-test had been performed. P-value was calculated to show if there was any significant impact of each light and radiation field size variation. The result was as follows [10.0 X10.0cm], Medical physicist score was [10.3 +/- 0.11608 X 10.3 +/- 0.099861 cm] and the field size that calculates by computerized score using IDL program was [9.9 +/- 0.036049 X 9.9 +/- 0.01123 cm]. This indicates that the was within the acceptable limits for the automatic reading, as compared with the manual reading in which the penumbra was [8mm] which was very high and risky for the treatment process