Effects of sodium pyruvate on the morphology, structure and function of erythrocytes stored in vitro in type 2 diabetes rats / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To observe the effect of RBC preservation solution with sodium pyruvate on the morphology, structure and function of RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetes rats. METHODS: Thirty SPF male SD rats, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): non-T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group A), T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group B) and T2DM sodium pyruvate RBC preservation solution (group C). The leukoreduced RBC from the tail vein and stored for 0 d (T0), 7 d (T1), 14 d (T2), 21 d (T3) and 28 d (T4) to detect the morphology, structure and the contents of 2, 3-DPG, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactic acid (LA) of RBC in group A, B and C. The RBC stored for 14 days in vitro were labeled with PKH26, and its survival rate were tested in vivo at 1, 4, 10 and 16 hours after intravenous infusion. RESULTS: At T0, the RBC morphology of group A was intact, which was better than that of group B and group C. With the extension of storage time, the morphology of RBC in each group gradually transformed into a spindle-spherical shape. Compared with group A, the incidence of acanthocytes in group B and group C was higher, and the incidence of acanthocytes in group C was lower than that in group B. Compared with group A, the content of 2, 3-DPG in group B and group C decreased, while ROS and MDA increased at different time points (P<0.05). The content of 2,3-DPG in group C was higher than that in group B (P<0.05), and the contents of ROS and MDA were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). LA content in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (P<0.05). At T2-T4, the LA content in group C was lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The survival rate of RBC in group A was higher than that in group B and C, and the survival rate of RBC in group B was lower than that in group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sodium pyruvate added RBC preservation solution has a certain protective effect on RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effect.

Role of Prognostic Marker PRR11 in Immune Infiltration for Facilitating Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The PRR11 gene (Proline Rich 11) has been implicated in lung cancer; however, relationship between PRR11 and immune infiltration is not clearly understood. In this study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to analyze the lung adenocarcinoma patients; PRR11 gene expression, clinicopathological findings, enrichment, and immune infiltration were also studied. PRR11 immune response expression assays in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were performed using TIMER, and statistical analysis and visualization were conducted using R software. All data were verified using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We found that PRR11 was an important prognostic factor in patients with LUAD. PRR11 expression was correlated with tumor stage and progression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that PRR11 was enriched in the cell cycle regulatory pathways. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that the number of T helper 2 (Th2) cells increased when PRR11 was overexpressed. These results confirm the role of PRR11 as a prognostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma by controlling the cell cycle and influencing the immune system to facilitate lung cancer progression.

Changes of Nogo-A expression in hippocampus and striatum of rats under low estrogen condition / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To elucidate the important role of Nogo-A in climacteric neurodegeneration such as memory impairment by observing memory function and the expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus and striatum of rats under low estrogen condition. Methods Fouthy-five female SD rats were divided into sham operation group, ovariectomized group and ovariectomized estrogen treatment group with 15 rats in each group. Medication was given 2 weeks after ovariectomized. Estrogen treatment group was subcutaneously injected in groin with estrogen [25 μg/ (kg.d)] dissolved in sterile sesame oil. The sham operation group and the ovariectomized group were given the same amount of aseptic sesame oil. Samples were collected after 6 weeks of drug treatment. The difference of memory function of rats in three groups was observed by conditioned fear training experiment, and the expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus and striatum was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham and estrogen treatment group, memory function in ovariectomized group decreased significantly and the number of Nogo-A positive neurons in hippocampus and striatum of ovariectomized rats was significantly higher than that of sham operation group (P 0. 05). The result of immunoblotting was consistent with the above-mentioned immunohistochemical result. Conclusion The increased expression of Nogo-A in hippocampus and striatum under low estrogen condition may be one of the key reasons for memory impairment in climacteric women.

Progress in application of adult endogenous neurogenesis in brain injury repair / 生理学报

Persistent neurogenesis exists in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult mammalian brain. Adult endogenous neurogenesis not only plays an important role in the normal brain function, but also has important significance in the repair and treatment of brain injury or brain diseases. This article reviews the process of adult endogenous neurogenesis and its application in the repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or ischemic stroke, and discusses the strategies of activating adult endogenous neurogenesis to repair brain injury and its practical significance in promoting functional recovery after brain injury.

Tonstruction of AHI based on the integrating health risks of exposure to air pollution and ambient temperature in Tianjin / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To construct an air health index (AHI) based on the exposure-response relationships of air pollution and ambient temperature with the years of life lost (YLL) in Tianjin. Methods The time series database of air pollution, meteorological factors, and non-accidental YLL from 2014-2019 in six urban areas of Tianjin were established. The data from 2014 to 2017 were used as the construction set to establish the exposure-response relationships of air pollution and ambient temperature with non-accidental YLL and establish the AHI model. The data from 2018 to 2019 were used as the validation set for verifying AHI. The generalized additive model (GAM) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) model were used to establish the exposure-response relationship between air pollution mixtures and non-accidental YLL. The distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was fitted to assess the exposure-response relationship between ambient temperature and non-accidental YLL. Based on these obtained coefficients, the AHI and air quality health index (AQHI) were built. By comparing the associations between AHI, air quality health index (AQHI), and air quality index (AQI) with daily mortality and YLL and model goodness of fit to evaluate the validity of AHI. Results The formula for AHIt=EYLLt,air pollution+ambient temperature/475.11*10. The validation results showed that each IQR increase in AHI was associated with a higher increase in non-accidental mortality and YLL (10.61% and 353.37 person-year) compared with the corresponding values of AQHI and AQI. In addition, the model goodness of AHI was better than AQHI and AQI model. Conclusion Compared with AQHI and AQI, the AHI based on the integrating health effects of air pollution and ambient temperature has a better health risk prediction ability.

Analysis on the status quo of the awareness rate of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment and its influencing factors among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the status quo of the knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods: From August to November 2021, through network sampling method, 17 474 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Liaoning Province were surveyed. The WeChat public account was used to collect information such as demographic characteristics and core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the level of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among different groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the 17 474 subjects, 43.1% (7 528) were male and 58.7% (10 262) were urban residents. The overall awareness rate was 72.3%, and the awareness rate of cancer cognition, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer management and rehabilitation were 71.4%, 67.6%, 72.7%, 83.4% and 63.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the residents who were man (OR: 0.850, 95%CI: 0.781-0.925), in rural areas (OR: 0.753, 95%CI: 0.694-0.817), 55-59 years old (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.751-0.963), quitters (OR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.640-0.813) and smoker (OR: 0.724, 95%CI: 0.654-0.801) had lower awareness rates, while the residents who were 35-54 years old (OR: 1.312, 95%CI: 1.202-1.432), with an educational level of junior high school/senior high school/college degree or above (OR: 1.834-5.130, 95%CI: 1.575-6.047), technical personnel (OR: 1.592, 95%CI: 1.367-1.854), civil servant/institution staff (OR: 1.282, 95%CI: 1.094-1.503), enterprise/business/service staff (OR: 1.218, 95%CI: 1.071-1.385), retired (OR: 1.324, 95%CI: 1.114-1.573) and with family history of cancer (OR: 1.369, 95%CI: 1.266-1.481) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion: The level of the awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province has met the requirements of the Healthy China Action. Region, gender, education level, age, family history of cancer and smoking are relevant factors.

Study on the Mechanism of Multi-Drug Resistance of Agaricus Blazei Extract FA-2-b-β Mediated Wnt Signaling Pathway to Reverse Acute T Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanism of drug reversing resistance of Agaricus blazei extract FA-2-b-β on T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines.@*METHODS@#Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay; the apoptosis, cell cycle mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular rhodamine accumulation were detected by flow cytometry, and apoptosis-related gene and protein expression were detected by qPCR and Western blot; the membrane surface protein MDR1 was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy.@*RESULTS@#Different concentrations of FA-2-b-β significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of CCRF-CEM and CEM/C1 (P<0.05), and CCRF-CEM cell cycle were arrested at S phase, and CEM/C1 cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase. Western blot and qPCR results show that FA-2-b-β inhibited ABCB1、ABCG2、CTNNB、MYC and BCL-2 expression, but upregulated Bax expression. In addition, FA-2-b-β reversed the resistance characteristics of CEM/C1 drug-resistance cells, which decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and significantly increased the intracellular rhodamine accumulation, and weakening of the expression of the membrane surface protein MDR1. With the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor (ICG001), the process was further intensified.@*CONCLUSION@#Agaricus Blazei Extract FA-2-b-β inhibits cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, regulates the cell cycle, reduces mitochondrial energy supply, and down-regulate MDR1 expression to reverse the resistance of CEM/C1, which all suggest it is through regulating the Wnt signaling pathway in T-ALL.

LC-MS fingerprint and multi-indicator components analysis of classical formula Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction / 中国中药杂志

This study developed an optimal pre-processing technique for the reference substance of the classic formula Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction(GXBD) and established a comprehensive quality control method for GXBD reference substance to provide a reference for its overall quality evaluation. The authors prepared 15 batches of GXBD samples and innovatively used the extracted ion chromatogram under the base peak chromatogram mode to establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) fingerprint, identify characteristic peaks, and perform quantitative analysis of indicator components. The yield of the 15 batches of GXBD samples ranged from 50.28% to 76.20%. In the positive ion mode, 12 common characteristic peaks were detected in the LC-MS fingerprint, and the structures of five common peaks were identified by comparison with reference standards. The similarity between the fingerprint profiles of different batches of samples and the reference fingerprint profile ranged from 0.920 to 0.984. Finally, liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(LC-QQQ/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode was used to determine the content of eight indicator components in GXBD, including loliolide, chrysoeriol, rutin, cucurbitacin D, macrostemonoside Ⅰ, 25S-timosaponin B Ⅱ, 25R-timosaponin B Ⅱ, and peptide proline-tryptophan-valine-proline-glycine(PWVPG). The method established in this study can reduce matrix interference in the compound, and it has good accuracy, stability, and practical value. It effectively reflects the quality attributes of GXBD samples and can be used for the comprehensive quality control of GXBD.

LncRNA FENDRR Affect Proliferation, Migration and Apoptosis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma H226 Cells via ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the effects of lncRNA FENDRR on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of LUSC H226 cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods The expression levels of FENDRR in normal lung epithelial cells BEAS, lung adenocarcinoma A549 and H1299 cells and LUSC H226 cells were detected by qRT-PCR. H226 cells were transfected with FENDRR-siRNA as the experimental group, or with FENDRR-siNC as a negative control group. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of MEK, p-MEK, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot. Results FENDRR levels in H226 cells were significantly lower than those in normal lung epithelial cells. Compared with the negative control group, the knockdown of FENDRR could significantly promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of H226 cells, inhibit the cell apoptosis, and increase the protein levels of p-MEK and p-ERK. The addition of ERK inhibitor U0126 rescued the effect of FENDRR knockdown on H226 cells. Conclusions The knockdown of lncRNA FENDRR can promote the proliferation, migration and inhibit the apoptosis of H226 cells through ERK/MAPK pathway.

Clinical characteristics of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia in renal transplantation recipients / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, outcomes and influencing factors of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia in renal allograft recipients.Methods:During the 2015-2019 influenza season, 21 patients with influenza A virus-induced pneumonia after renal transplantation(RT)were prospectively recruited with 42 matched non-immunocompromised inpatients with influenza A virus-induced pneumonia.Clinical data, outcomes and follow-up observations after discharge were collected for analyzing the clinical characteristics of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia after RT.Continuous variables were compared by t-test or Mann-Whitney U test.And categorical variables were compared by Chi-Square test.Results:The median time after RT was 5(0.88, 10.50)years for RT recipients.In RT group, none received seasonal influenza vaccination with a vaccination rate of zero.The influenza vaccination rate of non-immunocompromised patients in current season was 42.86%(18/42)and inter-group difference was statistically significant( P<0.001). The levels of hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in RT recipients were(108.47±22.39)g/L, 21.00(16.00, 46.50)U/L, 15.00(12.00, 21.00)U/L and 314.00(207.25, 374.00)U/L.And the values were lower than those of non-immunocompromised patients[(130.24±21.74)g/L, 48.50(36.00, 79.50)U/L, 32.00(20.00, 52.25)U/L and 466.00(227.00, 781.75)U/L]. The differences were statistically significant( P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.005). The levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were 8.27(6.69, 12.48)mmol/L and 130.30(94.15, 204.70)mmol/L versus 5.42(3.37, 7.65)mmol/L and 65.90(48.98, 82.13)mmol/L in non-immunocompromised patients.The differences were statistically significant(all P< 0.001). No significant differences existed in the levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin between RT recipients and non-immunocompromised patients( P=0.774 and 0.821). The level of ESR and oxygenation index at admission were 39.00(13.00, 53.00)mm/h and(306.95±90.97)in renal recipients and 18.00(11.50, 23.00)mm/h and(200.17±116.35)in non-immunocompromised patients.The differences were statistically significant( P=0.045 and 0.001). Imaging studies indicated that multiple lobar involvement was a major imaging feature in both renal recipients and non-immunocompromised patients.The probability of pulmonary consolidation was 33.33%(7/21)in renal recipients and it was lower than that in non-immunocompromised patients.And the probability of pleural effusion was 42.86%(9/21)and it was higher than control.The inter-group differences were statistically significant( P=0.020 & 0.024). Rate of mechanical ventilation, CRRT and mortality were 42.86%(9/21), 23.81%(5/21)and 28.57%(6/21). All of them were higher than non-immunocompromised patients[21.43%(9/42), 9.52%(4/42)and 9.52%(4/42)]. However, there was no significant inter-group difference( P=0.076, 0.252 & 0.113). The median score of CURB-65 was 1(0.5, 1). Conclusions:Renal damage is prominent in hospitalized patients with influenza A virus-induced pneumonia after RT.There are a high rate of mechanical ventilation and CRRT during hospitalization and a high mortality.The prognosis remains poor for hospitalized patients with influenza A virus-induced pneumonia after RT.No matter how serious their conditions are at admission, they need to be closely monitored and aggressively treated.

Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Ejina banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, October 2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Ejina banner, Inner Mongolia, in October 2021 and provide evidence for the improvement of COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods: The information about the time, area and population distributions of COVID-19 cases in Ejina before November 13, 2021 and the gene sequencing result of the isolates were collected for a statistical descriptive analysis. Results: The first COVID-19 case in Ejina occurred on 7 October, 2021. A total of 164 COVID-19 cases were reported from October 19 to November 12. Most cases were distributed in 6 communities in Darahub (156 cases, 95.12%). The result of full gene sequencing of the isolates indicted that the pathogen was Delta variant (B.1.617.2). The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.3∶1. The age of cases ranged from 1 to 85 years, and the cases aged 20-59 years accounted for 78.66%. The main clinical symptoms were sore throat (91 cases, 91.92%), cough (49 cases, 49.49%) and fever (23 cases, 23.23%). Most cases were ordinary ones (81 cases, 49.39%) and mild ones (68 cases, 41.46%). The cases were mainly detected at the isolation points (84 cases, 51.22%) and through population based nucleic acid testing (62 cases, 37.80%). The basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19 was 5.3, the average incubation period was 3.9 days. The local government rapidly started Ⅳ level emergency response and conducted 10 rounds of nucleic acid tests. The transferring of travelers reduced the risk for the further spread of COVID-19 in Ejina. Conclusions: The epidemic of COVID-19 in Ejina characterized by strong transmission, short incubation period, herd susceptibility and case clustering. Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the pathogen, which might be imported from Zeke port. Comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as closed-loop management and vaccination, should be continued. The successful transferring of the patients and travelers provided evidence for the effective and precise prevention and control of COVID-19 in a routine manner.

Influence of histone deacetylase 1 on insulin resistance in a cell model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the promoting effect of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression on insulin resistance (IR) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cells by establishing an HepG2 cell model of high fat-induced NAFLD. Methods HepG2 cells were divided into control group, model group (OA), and inhibitor group (OA+pyroxamide [an HDAC1 inhibitor]). CCK-8 assay was used to plot the standard growth curve of HepG2 cells and screen out the optimal drug concentration and action time of OA and pyroxamide; oil red O staining was used to compare the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells; an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to analyze the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in cells; quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC1 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in cells. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results OA treatment at a concentration of 0.25 mmol/L for 24 hours was the optimal concentration and duration of cell modeling, and treatment at a concentration of 20 μmol/L for 24 hours was the optimal administration concentration and duration of pyroxamide. Compared with the control group, the model group had significant increases in the content of ALT, AST, TG, and TC, and compared with the model group, the inhibitor group had significant reductions in the content of ALT, AST, TG, and TC (all P < 0.05). The model group had significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of HDAC1 than the control group, while the inhibitor group had significantly lower expression levels than the model group (all P < 0.05); the model group had significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels of IRS-1 than the control group, while the inhibitor group had significantly higher expression levels than the model group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion HDAC1 participates in the development and progression of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of IRS-1 molecule and promoting IR, and the HDAC1 inhibitor pyroxamide can exert a protective effect on the liver by alleviating IR.

Establishment of air quality health index based on cumulative health risk of air pollution in Tianjin / 环境与职业医学

Background Cumulative risk index (CRI), as a commonly used approach to estimate the joint effects of multiple air pollutants on health, has been used by few studies to construct an air quality health index (AQHI). Objective To construct an AQHI based on the CRI of air pollution in Tianjin and evaluate the validity of the AQHI. Methods Daily data on air pollutants, meteorological factors, and non-accidental deaths during 2015–2019 in Tianjin were collected to create a time-series object. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to describe the characteristics of the data. To determine the best lag day and indicative pollutant, single-pollutant and two-pollutant generalized additive models were fitted to construct the exposure-response relationships between air pollutants and non-accidental deaths. After that we evaluated a CRI of air pollution using multi-pollutant models and constructed an AQHI and its classifications based on the CRI. Finally, we compared the exposure-response associations and coefficients of the AQHI and the conventional air quality index (AQI) with non-accidental deaths, and evaluated the health risk communication validity of the AQHI using generalized cross validation (GCV) values and R2 values. Results We selected lag1 as the best lag day and PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 as the appropriate pollutants according to the unqualified rates of pollutants and significant statistical results. One μg·m−3 increase of PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3 was associated with −0.00002, 0.00079, 0.00015, and 0.00042 increase in effect size b of the non-accidental mortality, respectively. Based on these coefficients, we calculated the CRI and AQHI. According to a pre-determined classification scheme of the AQHI, the air quality of 63% study days was low risks and that of 34% study days was median risks. The associations of AQHI and AQI with non-accidental deaths in different populations were evaluated. The results showed that the excess risks of non-accidental deaths in total, female, and male populations for per interquartile range (IQR) increase in AQHI were higher than the corresponding values of AQI. The GCV values of the AQHI model (2.694, 1.819, and 1.938, respectively) were lower than those of the AQI model (2.747, 1.850, and 1.961, respectively), and the R2 values of the AQHI model (0.849, 0.780, and 0.820, respectively) were higher than those of the AQI model (0.846, 0.776, and 0.817, respectively). Conclusion Compared with AQI, the CRI-based AQHI may communicate the air pollution-related health risk to the public more effectively in Tianjin.

Blocking Adenosine/A2AR Pathway for Cancer Therapy / 中国肺癌杂志

Adenosine is a metabolite produced abundantly in the tumor microenvironment, dampening immune response in inflamed tissues via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) which is widely expressed on immune cells, inhibiting anti-tumor immune response accordingly. Therefore, blocking adenosine signaling pathway is of potential to promote anti-tumor immunity. This review briefly introduces adenosine signaling pathway, describes its role in regulating tumor immunity and highlights A2AR blockade in cancer therapy. Prospective anti-tumor activity of adenosine/A2AR inhibition has been revealed by preclinical data, and a number of clinical trials of A2AR antagonists are under way. Primary results from clinical trials suggest that A2AR antagonists are well tolerated in cancer patients and are effective both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapies. In the future, finding predictive biomarkers are critical to identify patients most likely to benefit from adenosine pathway blockade, and further researches are needed to rationally combine A2AR antagonists with other anti-tumor therapies.
.

Knowledge Domain and Emerging Trends of Chinese Medicine in Management of Pediatric Asthma: A Scientometric Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the intellectual landscape and emerging research trends of Chinese medicine (CM) in the management of pediatric asthma through a scientometric study.@*METHODS@#Publications related to CM in the management of pediatric asthma were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using relevant keywords. A scientometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1,673 original articles and reviews from 1991 to 2019 were included in the analysis. The amount of annual publications had a gradual increase with time. USA was the major contributor both in country and institution analyses. Based on the co-citation, the published journals were grouped into 4 clusters. Keyword analysis indicated that the main hotspots were: (1) comprehensive management; (2) risk factors, mechanism, and prevalence; (3) prevention and treatment; (4) inflammation; and (5) environmental research. Lastly, we predicted that three emerging trends were quality of life promotion, immune response, and combination therapy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CM research in the management of pediatric asthma will maintain the current trend of steady growth. This scientometric analysis may help scientists to identify the areas of interests and future directions in the field.

Feasibility of estimating adenoma detection rate based on polyp detection rate in colonoscopy / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of estimating adenoma detection rate (ADR) based on polyp detection rate (PDR) in colonscopy.Methods:In the present single-center retrospective study, the conversion coefficient was calculated based on the total colonoscopy cases in 2017. ADR of each colonoscopists was estimated based on PDR and conversion coefficient, which was then verified compared with the actual ADR for consistency.Results:A total of 25 112 colonoscopies with 20 experienced colonoscopists were included. The overall conversion coefficient was 0.483. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the actual ADR and the estimated ADR was 0.818 (95% CI: 0.596-0.924, P<0.01). Conclusion:It is feasible to estimate ADR based on PDR, but this method is only an expediency. More attention should be paid to the establishment of a standardized electronic database.

The Role of Power Arm by Combined Use of Clear Aligner and Miniscrew in En-Masse Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the role of Power Arm in en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth using clear aligner (CA) and micro-implant anchorage (MIA). Methods The three-dimensional (3D) model of maxillary anterior teeth by combined use of CA and MIA was established, and the 6 mm-height Power Arm, was attached to the canine or appliance. The initial displacement and the maximum von Mises stress of periodontal ligament under three loading conditions were analyzed, namely the force was loaded by CA+150 g retraction force at canine, CA+150 g retraction force on Power Arm at appliance, CA+150 g retraction force on Power Arm at canine. Results In sagittal direction, the crown and root displacement difference of maxillary central incisor was 129, 129, 133 μm，respectively. The crown displacement of the maxillary first molar was -23.3, -23.5, -26.8 μm, respectively. The maximum von Mises stress of periodontal ligament in central incisor was 48.4, 72.6, 40.0 kPa, respectively, and that of the first molar was 5.3, 10.5, 5.8 kPa, respectively. Conclusions It can not be testified that retraction of the 6 mm-height Power Arm at canine or appliance with 5 mm-height mini-screw has more advantages than retraction of the canine directly for more favorably controlling the torque of incisors, saving anchorage of posterior teeth and decreasing von Mises stress of the periodontal ligament.

HPLC fingerprint of Tibetan medicinal plant ″Bangga″ and chemical components analysis of its two original plants by LC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To obtain the chemical profile of Tibetan medicinal plant ″Bangga″, the present study established the HPLC fingerprint of ″Bangga″ and inferred common chemical constituents of its two original plants, Aconitum tanguticum and A. naviculare by LC-MS. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Kromasil 100 C_8 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile(A)-0.1% formic acid in water(B) as mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. Besides, the flow rate was set at 1 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 255 nm and the injection volume was 10 μL. Seventeen batches of ″Bangga″ samples were analyzed and the HPLC fingerprint was established under the above conditions. Similarity evaluation was performed using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012). As a result, 16 common peaks were selec-ted and the similarity values of 17 batches of ″Bangga″ were in the range of 0.702-0.966. Furthermore, one batch of A. tanguticum and one batch of A. naviculare were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and 74 common compounds were inferred, including 10 phenolic acids, 26 flavonoids, and 38 alkaloids. The established method, with good separation and strong specificity, is simple and feasible, and can be used for the quality control of ″Bangga″ and identification of its two original plants. A. tanguticum and A. naviculare are similar in chemical composition and component content, but are quite different in the content of flavonoids.

Comparison of COVID-19 and influenza characteristics / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only poses a serious threat to the health of people worldwide but also affects the global economy. The outbreak of COVID-19 began in December 2019, at the same time as the influenza season. However, as the treatments and prognoses of COVID-19 and influenza are different, it is important to accurately differentiate these two different respiratory tract infections on the basis of their respective early-stage characteristics. We reviewed official documents and news released by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), the United States CDC, and the World Health Organization (WHO), and we also searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, preprinted bioRxiv and medRxiv databases for documents and guidelines from earliest available date up until October 3rd, 2020. We obtained the latest information about COVID-19 and influenza and summarized and compared their biological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathological mechanisms, treatments, and prognostic factors. We show that although COVID-19 and influenza are different in many ways, there are numerous similarities; thus, in addition to using nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody-based approaches, clinicians and epidemiologists should distinguish between the two using their respective characteristics in early stages. We should utilize experiences from other epidemics to provide additional guidance for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.

Application of colonoscopy and cognition of colonoscopists in China: a national survey / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To investigate the current application of colonoscopy at hospitals in China.Methods:From November 2019 to January 2020, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among gastroenterologists and colonoscopists in hospitals of different levels. The contents of questionnaire survey included basic information of colonoscopy at the respondent′s hospital, protocols and patient education of bowel preparation, implementation of colonoscopy quality control, and colonoscopists′ understanding of polypectomy techniques and post-polypectomy follow-up.Results:A total of 236 valid questionnaires were collected, involving 187 hospitals, and 143 (76.5%) had an annual operation capacity of more than 5 000 cases. In terms of bowel preparation, split-dosed polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (PEG) was the most commonly used (60.4%, 113/187) and the most common volume of PEG was 3 L (67.4%, 126/187). Verbal (90.9%, 170/187) and written (79.7%, 149/187) instructions were given more often than other methods for patient education of bowel preparation. Antifoaming agent was routinely used in 124 (66.3%) hospitals. In terms of quality control, only 11.5% (20/174) hospitals implemented all four measures. In terms of polypectomy techniques, 98.1% (203/207) colonoscopists chose hot snare polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection for lesions of diameter>1 cm, while options varied for lesions of diameter<1 cm. The interval of follow-up after polypectomy recommended by colonoscopists was shorter than that by guidelines.Conclusion:Several problems are found in the survey in the application of colonoscopy in China, i. e., patient education of bowel preparation is not diversified; quality control of colonoscopy still needs to be strengthened; polypectomy techniques and follow-up after polypectomy need to be further standardized.