Thoughts of treatment of tumor diseases based on toxic pathogen theory / 中国中药杂志

The toxic pathogen theory, an important part of the theories of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), began in the Qin and Han dynasties, formed in the Jin, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties, developed rapidly in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and conti-nued to develop in contemporary times based on the achievements of its predecessors. The continuous exploration, practice, and inheri-tance of many medical practitioners over the generations have facilitated the enrichment of its connotation. The toxic pathogen is violent, fierce, dangerous, prolonged, rapid in transmission, easy to hurt the internal organs, hidden, and latent, with many changes, and it is closely related to the development of tumor diseases. TCM has a history of thousands of years in the prevention and treatment of tumor diseases. It is gradually realized that the etiology of tumor is mainly attributed to the deficiency of healthy Qi and excess of to-xic pathogen, and the struggle between healthy Qi and toxic pathogen runs through the whole course of tumor, with the deficiency of healthy Qi as the prerequisite and the invasion of toxic pathogen as the root of the occurrence. The toxic pathogen has a strong carcinogenic effect and is involved in the whole process of tumor development, which is closely related to the malignant behaviors of tumors, including proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This study discussed the historical origin and modern interpretation of the toxic pathogen theory in the prevention and treatment of tumors, with aims of sorting out the theoretical system based on the toxic pathogen theory in the treatment of tumor diseases, and illustrating the importance of the toxic pathogen theory in the treatment of tumors in the context of modern research on pharmacological mechanisms and the development and marketing of relevant anti-tumor Chinese medicinal preparations.

Exploration of prognostic factors of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients / 中草药

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors of castrated resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods From December 1, 2015 to November 30, 2017, CRPC patients who met the inclusion criteria were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tumor Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, and General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. The reliability and validity of 18 included factors were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to screen the prognostic factors of CRPC and draw the survival curve.The significant fators from single factor analysis were included in COX proportional risk model for multiple-factor analysis to determine the independent prognostic factors. Results Hematuria, osteodynia, HGB 5.18 mmol/L, TPSA > 10 ng/mL, f/tPSA > 0.19, deficiency of both qi and blood, and no treatment of combination of traditional Chinese medicine were the risk factors for overall survival (OS) in CRPC patients; CHO > 5.18 mmol/L was the only risk factor for OS in CRPC patients, which was established as risk factors. CHO > 5.18 mmol/L, HGB 5.18 mmol/L is an independent risk factor for OS in CRPC patients.

Laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of prostate cancer: An update / 中华男科学杂志

The prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing, which is one of the leading causes of malignancy-associated deaths of males. Because the early symptoms of prostate cancer are not obvious, 20% of the patients have metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis. The low rate of early diagnosis of prostate cancer has contributed to a higher mortality rate in China than in Europe and the United States. Highly specific and sensitive diagnostic markers exist in the blood, urine and semen of prostate cancer patients. Combined laboratory techniques can improve the rate of the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, help early treatment, and prolong the survival of the patients.

Risk factors associated with postoperative complications of D2 radical resection for local advanced gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the risk factors of postoperative complications following D2 radical resection for advanced gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2004 to May 2011, 483 patients with local advanced gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were enrolled in the study, including 132 patients of LAG (27.3%) and 351 patients of open procedure (72.7%). Clinicopathological data and postoperative complications were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative complications were classified into overall and severe complications according to Clavien-Dindo Classification. Multivariate logistic model was used to identify risk factors of postoperative complications.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall incidence of postoperative overall and severe complications and mortality were 12.4% (60/483), 2.5% (12/483) and 0.2% (1/483), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that no significant differences were found in overall and severe complications between the two surgical approaches (13.6% vs. 12.0%, P=0.620; 3.0% vs. 2.3%, P=0.743). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years, preoperative comorbidity and intraoperative blood loss >300 ml were independent risk factors associated with overall postoperative complications. Remarkably, intraoperative blood loss >300 ml was also an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LAG with D2 lymph node dissection for local advanced gastric cancer is technically feasible and safe. However, the elderly, preoperative comorbidity and increased intraoperative blood loss are associated with elevated risk of complications. Decreased intraoperative bleeding may reduce the potential postoperative complications.</p>

The safety and long-term survival after laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the short-term outcomes and 5-year recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival of laparoscopic assisted surgery for colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic data were compared between the patients who underwent colectomy during March 2003 to July 2008 and assigned in laparoscopic group (n = 92) and open group (n = 285) according the surgical approach. The 5-year overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence rate were analyzed for all patients who were followed-up for more than 36 months in either of the groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The laparoscopic colectomy was associated with manifested less blood loss (50(50) ml) (Z = -8.292, P < 0.01), early return of bowel function (the evacuation time was (3.0 ± 1.0) days, and the meal time after operation was (4.0 ± 1.3) days) (t = -6.475 and -4.871, P < 0.01), and longer length (cm) of distal resection margin ((10 ± 4) cm vs. (9 ± 4) cm, t = 3.527, P = 0.000). The 5-year overall survival of the laparoscopic group and the open group were 63.6% and 61.8% respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival of the I-III stage patients in the laparoscopic group and the open group were 69.5% and 65.5% respectively, and the local recurrence were 8.7% and 13.6% (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer is safe in short-term clinical results and non-inferior to the open colectomy in long-term oncological outcomes.</p>

Quality control of laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

As the improvement of technique and accumulation of experience in the past decade, the development of laparoscopic surgery has been in the advanced phase for the minimally invasive surgery for the management of gastric cancer. Even laparoscopic surgery has severaladvantages such as faster recovery courses and improved quality of life, however, surgical quality control for oncology must always be the most important consideration. The quality control system consists of accurate clinical staging, patient selection, intraoperative standard operating procedure, proper education and training course, data management for clinicopathologic information, and evidence-based studies.