Advances in anesthesia research of modified electroconvulsive therapy / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is a fast and effective physical therapy method currently widely used in psychiatry. The anesthesia target of this treatment is to calm the patients, relax the muscles and maintain stability in histodynamics during treatment, meanwhile avoiding affecting efficacy, because too deep anesthesia can inhibit discharge of the cerebral cortex. However, current anesthetic drugs in MECT, including muscle relaxants, intravenous anaesthetics, inhalation anaesthetics, analgesics, etc., lack the best compatibility of anesthesia induction. This review discusses the application and compatibility of these drugs in MECT in recent years, in order to provide reference for the best anesthesia induction protocol for MECT.

Electroconvulsive treatment for geriatric depression: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To explore the clinical effectiveness and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in elderly patients with depression.Methods·Searches were made in PubMed,EMBase,Web of Knowledge,CNKI,Wanfang,VIE CBMDisc databases and etc.CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.RevMan and STATA were used to do meta analysis.Results·Ten studies were included in this systematic review.The studies which used Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD,n=5) and Montgomery-(A)sberg depression rating scale (MADRS,n=3) to access depressed symptom were analyzed.Sample size was 306 and 290 before and after treatment,respectively.The depressive symptoms were significantly improved after ECT treatment estimated by either HAMD (Z=6.39,SMD=3.64,P=0.000) or MADRS (Z=15.47,SMD=2.12,P=0.000).There was no difference of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scores before and after the treatment (Z=1.47,P=0.140).The incidence of adverse events of headache,confusion,drowsiness,nausea and vomiting was more than 5％.Conclusion·Depressed symptoms are significantly improved in geriatric depression after ECT.The overall cognitive impairment is not obvious,but headache and disturbance of consciousness are common.

Relationship between ambient fine particles and ventricular repolarization changes and heart rate variability of elderly people with heart disease in Beijing, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of particulate matters less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on heart repolarization/depolarization and heart rate variability (HRV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a panel study for elderly subjects with heart disease in Beijing from 2007 to 2008. PM2.5 was measured at a fixed station for 20 h continuously each day while electrocardiogram (ECG) indexes of 42 subjects were also recorded repeatedly. Meteorological data was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A mixed linear regression model was used to estimate the associations between PM2.5 and the ECG indexes. The model was adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, day of the week and meteorology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant adverse effects of PM2.5 on ECG indexes reflecting HRV were observed statistically and the strongest effect of PM2.5 on HRV was on lag 1 day in our study. However, there were no associations between PM2.5 and ECG indexes reflecting heart repolarization/depolarization. Additionally, the effects of PM2.5 on subjects with hypertension were larger than on the subjects without hypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study showed ambient PM2.5 could affect cardiac autonomic function of the elderly people with heart disease, and subjects with hypertension appeared to be more susceptive to the autonomic dysfunction induced by PM2.5.</p>

Time-series analysis of association between inhalable particulate matter and daily mortality among urban residents in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between particulate matter less than 10 micron in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) and daily mortality among urban population in Tianjin.Methods We collected data of air quality, daily mean temperature and relative humidity, and daily cause-specific death counts, and used generalized additive models to explore the relationship between ambient particulate matter and daily mortality, after adjusting the effects of long-term and seasonal trend, weather conditions and other gaseous pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.Results An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10 was associated with 0.45% (95%CI: 0.21-0.69) non-accidental morality, 0.60% (0.29-0.91) circulatory morality and 0.82% (0.04-1.61) respiratory morality, respectively. Conclusion Our findings indicated that the extent of exposure to PM10 was significantly associated with daily mortality in urban population in Tianjin, especially with the mortality rates on circulatory and respiratory diseases.

Polymorphisms of Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 gene, a homologue of bcl-2 / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>EBV BamHI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early gene, is structurally and functionally homologous to the oncogene bcl-2 and may play an important role in the development of EBV-associated tumors. To characterize the polymorphisms of BHRF1 in EBV-associated tumors, we analyzed the sequences of BHRF1 in isolates from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) biopsies as well as throat washing (TW) samples from healthy donors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BHRF1 DNA sequences were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing for 39 NPC samples, 40 EBVaGC samples, and 53 EBV-positive TW samples from healthy donors. The variants of BHRF1 gene were classified according to the signature changes. The EBV types 1 and 2 at nuclear antigen (EBNA) 3C locus were determined by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with EBV standard cell line B95-8, all isolates carried a silent mutation at amino acid (AA) 80 (nucleotide 54616 T→C), the AA88 L→V mutation was found in most isolates, and the AA79 V→L mutation in a few isolates. Other mutations were sporadically distributed. Based on the mutations at AA88 and AA79, 3 distinct variants of BHRF1 genes, designated as 79V88V, 79L88L, and 79V88L, were identified. The 79V88V was the most common variant. The distribution of the BHRF1 variants among the NPC, EBVaGC, and TW samples was not significant. The corresponding regions of bcl-2 homologues were conserved in all isolates except for 3 samples. The distribution of BHRF1 variants in type 1 and type 2 strains was significant different (P < 0.001, contingency coefficient was 0.554).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 79V88V is the dominant variant in NPC, EBVaGC, and TW samples from healthy donors and preferential linkages between BHRF1 and EBNA3C variants exist. Conserved BHRF1 in Bcl-2 homologous domains is helpful to remain the important role of BHRF1.</p>

Time-series analysis on the association between gaseous air pollutants and daily mortality in urban residents in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the association between sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and daily mortality in urban population from Tianjin. Methods Data on daily concentration of inhalable particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, daily mean temperature and relative humidity, daily cause-specific death counts were collected. Generalized additive models was used to explore the relationship between sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and daily mortality, after adjusting the effects of long-term and seasonal trend, weather conditions, and to analyze the potential effect of particulate matter and model parameters on relative risk estimates. Results Results showed that the daily concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were significantly associated with daily non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality but not associated with daily respiratory mortality. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in SO2 was associated with 0.56%(95%CI: 0.23%-0.89%)non-accidental morality, 0.49%(0.06%-0.93%)cardiovascular morality, respectively. An increase of 10μg/m3 in NO2 was associated with 0.94%(95% CI: 0.17%- 1.70%)non-accidental morality, 1.29%(0.29%-2.30%)cardiovascular morality, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggested that exposure to SO2 and NO2 was significantly associated with daily cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in urban population in Tianjin.

The correlations between air quality and heart rate variability in aged susceptible people during Beijing Olympic Games 2008 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the variations of the concentrations of air pollutants and explore the correlation between the heart rate variability (HRV) of the aged people and the air quality during Beijing Olympic Games 2008.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A panel study design was adopted. A total of twenty-six over 55-year-old patients with coronary heart disease or angina pectoris or a symptom of myocardial ischemia at least for one year were enrolled as a panel and followed up five times by measuring HRV index and other related indexes from June to September in 2008. The correlations between the HRV of the aged people and the air quality was analyzed with the linear mixed-effect models according to the data of air pollutants and meteorological conditions collected simultaneously from Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau and Beijing Meteorological Bureau.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In single-pollutant mixed-effect models, the significant correlation was observed in the reduction of ambient PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) with the improvement of the total power and high-frequency power (HF) of HRV in the panel subjects, and a 10 microg/m(3) decrease in PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) level was correlated with 2.51% (95%CI: -3.80% - -1.22%, t = -1.99, P = 0.0497), 31.39% (95%CI: -52.24% - -10.53%, t = -1.99, P = 0.0497) and 42.72% (95%CI: -75.06% - -10.38%, t = -1.99, P = 0.0497) rises in total power of HRV respectively. A 10 microg/m(3) decrease in PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) level was correlated with 3.46% (95%CI: -5.14% - -1.77%, t = -2.11, P = 0.0378), 40.63% (95%CI: -68.70% - -12.56%, t = -2.11, P = 0.0378) and 53.76% (95%CI: -97.97% - -9.56%, t = -2.11, P = 0.0378) rises in high-frequency power (HF) of HRV respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggests that the air pollution reduction could improve the cardiovascular functions of the susceptible population.</p>