Mechanism of Th1/Th2 Cytokines in HLA-DQ8 Transgenic Mice Model of Ocular Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the levels of cytokines (IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-10) associated with Th1 and Th2 cells in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice model of ocular experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (oEAMG) induced by recombinant H-AChR γ subunit immunization.Methods DQ8 mice were immunized with 20 μg of AChR γ subunit,20 μg of crude E. coli extract (E. coli group),or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) only (CFA group). All mice were immunized on days 0,30,and 60. Mice were euthanized 28 days after the third immunization,and draining lymph node cells (LNC) and spleen lymphocytes were cultured in vitro. The supernatant was collected to observe the interleukin(IL)-2,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-6,IL-10 production by ELISA.Results LNCs and spleen lymphocytes of H-AChR γ subunit-immunized mice exhibited significantly enhanced IFN-γ (F=76.332,P<0.001;F=34.865,P<0.001) and IL-2 (F=42.835,P<0.001;F=38.030,P<0.001),which associated with Th1 cells,as compared to E. coli group and CFA group. There were no significant differences in IL-6 (F=1.325,P=0.284;F=1.935,P=0.166) and IL-10 (F=0.908,P=0.417;F=1.189,P=0.322) levels,which secreted by Th2 cells,among these three groups.Conclusion Th1 cytokines play key roles in the pathogenesis of oEAMG,while the mechanism of Th2 cytokines for oEAMG remains unclear.

Advances in Retinopathy of Prematurity / 中国医学科学院学报

Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a pathological neovascularization with fibrotic changes in the fundus of premature infants.It is a major cause of preventable blindness in children in both developing and developed countries.Treatment of ROP has long been a hot research topic in ophthalmology and pediatrics.With a clearer knowledge of the pathogenesis of ROP,more basic and clinical studies have been carried out.The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and surgical treatment have become mature strategies,and a variety of therapeutic drugs including insulin-like growth factor-1,transforming growth factor-β,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and β-adrenergic receptor blockers have been developed.This article reviews the recent advances in ROP.

Research Advances in Ocular Myasthenia Gravis / 中国医学科学院学报

Ocular myasthenia gravis(OMG)is an autoimmune disease caused by neuromuscular junction transmission disorders and manifested mainly as fluctuating blepharoptosis and diplopia,with the extraocular muscles as the main involveed sites.While the pathogenesis of OMG remains unclear,some antibodies,complements,and cytokines may be the contributing factors.The diagnosis and treatment of OMG have been defined in recent years.This article reviews the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of OMG.

Multiple soft tissue defects of hand repaired by muliplefoliated tissue flap only pedicled by descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery / 中华显微外科杂志

ObjectiveTo introduction of perforator flaps,muscle flaps pedicled by descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery,method and their clinical application that multiple soft tissue defects of hand are repaire by muliplefoliated tissue flap only branch lateral circumflex femoral artery.MethodsFifteen patients with multiple soft tissue defects of hand were repaired muliplefoliated tissue flap only pedicled bydescending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery.At first,the anterolateral thigh perforator flap was designed and harvested according to the soft tissue defects of hand, then the descending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery was dissected at the same time the segmented perforator flap,fascia lata flap,rectus femoris muscle flap, vastus lateralis muscle flap, vastus intermedius muscle flap and distal spatium intermusculare flap were harvested in need according to distance among soft tissue defects.The muliplefoliated tissue flap was harvested only pedicled by descending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery, at last muscle flaps and fascia lata flaps were covered by skin graft, so the multiple soft tissue defects of hand were repaired in one time.ResultsNo vascular crisis happened. All skin grafts survived well, the contour of all repaired soft tissue defects was good and protective feeling was recovered by skin grafts of all flaps. All cases were got follow-up and the range was from 6 to 20 months(the average was 8.7 months).Wound of donor site healed well, muscle strength of quadriceps and motion of knee were normal. Three cases were excellent,nine cases were well and 3 cases were good, according to upper extremity function evaluation criteria of Chinese Medical Society for the Surgery of the Hand, the rate of good was 80 percent.ConclusionMultiple soft tissue defects of hand can be repaired by muliplefoliated flap only pedicled by descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery. Its advantages included reduction of operation time and treatment, good recovery of hand contour and function. It is a good method to repair multiple soft tissue defects of hand.

Reconstruction of degloved thumb with prefabricated flap / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

The wrap around the toe flap from the great toe is considered to be a good reconstructive proce-dure for degloved injuries of the thumb. In this study, we used prefabricated flaps of the medial plantar skin to cover a degloved injury of the thumb of a patient unsuitable for application of this method and obtained satisfactory clinical results.

Treatment of occluded iliofemoral veins with great saphenous vein cross-over bypasses / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize clinical application experience of treatment of occluded iliofemoral veins with great saphenous vein cross-over bypasses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 1998 to December 2005,6 patients(5 men, 1 woman) with occluded iliofemoral veins underwent great saphenous vein cross-over bypasses. They ranged in age from 36 to 52 years (mean, 41 years old). All patients had unilateral thigh and leg edema and swelling with accompanying pain. The normal contralateral great saphenous vein was dissected and it was tunneled across the super-pubic fat pad and anastomosed to the femoral vein or the proximal portion of great saphenous vein in distal to occluded iliofemoral veins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The postoperative course was uneventful. One case sustained superficial infection postoperatively at donor site and the gradual wound healed by daily wound dressings. At 1 to 3.5 years (mean 1.8 years) followed up, all patients had pain disappearance and obvious relief of the edema but some swelling.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Great saphenous vein cross-over bypasses is effective operative method of treatment of occluded iliofemoral veins. The operation is relatively simple and safe.</p>

Reconstruction of distal phalanx defect with microsurgical fascia latae flaps combined with rib and skin graft / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical application of microsurgical fascia latae flaps combined with rib and skin graft for reconstruction of the distal phalanx defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The phalanx wounds were sutured together like syndactyly. The autologous rib was revised to repair the bone defect of distal phalanx. The fascia latae flap was used to cover the bone exposure with microvascular anastomoses and resurfaced by a meshed split-thickness skin graft.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>5 cases were treated successfully. The fascia latae flaps were all survived with only skin graft necrosis at the distal end in one case. It was healed spontaneously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The fascia latae flap is nourished by the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. The flaps has a good blood supply and can be easily obtained with a long vascular pedicle. The flap is ideal for the reconstruction of distal phalanx defect when combined with autologous rib implant and skin graft.</p>

High tibial osteotomy for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize clinical application of the high tibial osteatomy (HTO) with lateral closing-wedge for the treatment of pain of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2000 to February 2004,9 patients (3 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 52 to 58 years, with an average of 56 years) with unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee treated by HTO with lateral closing-wedge. The proximal tibiofibular joint was exposed, the anterior part of the capsule was incised, and to remove a laterally based wedge with saw cuts and osteotomes. Stepped staples were used for the fixation of tibial osteotomies after closing the defect of osteotomy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative course was uneventful. There were no complications after operation. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 2 to 5.5 years (mean, 3.5 years). The results were evaluated with functional assessment criterion of the osteoarthritis of the knee, among the 9 cases, excellent was in 5 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HTO with lateral closing-wedge is an effective operative method for the treatment of pain of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, but except for older patients over 60 years.</p>