Clinical effect of integrated sandplay therapy in children with Asperger syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect of integrated sandplay therapy in preschool children with Asperger syndrome (AS).@*METHODS@#A total of 44 preschool children with AS were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 22 children in each group. The children in the control group were given routine training, and those in the experimental group were given integrated sandplay therapy in addition to the routine training. The treatment response was assess by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), emotional recognition tools and changes in sandplay theme characteristics after 6 months of treatment.@*RESULTS@#Before intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the total score of SRS, the score of each factor of SRS, and correct rates of facial expression recognition of the upright position, inverted position, upper face and lower face (P>0.05). After 6 months of intervention, both groups had significant reductions in the total score of SRS and the score of each factor of SRS (P<0.01); the control group had significant increases in the correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions except the upright position (P<0.05), while the experimental group had significant increases in the correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions (P<0.05). Compared with the control group after intervention, the experimental group had significantly lower total score of SRS and scores of all factors of SRS except social perception (P<0.01) and significantly higher correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions (P<0.01). The experimental group had a significant change in the number of sandplay theme characteristics after intervention (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Integrated sandplay therapy can improve social responsiveness and emotion recognition ability in preschool children with AS.

A time series analysis on under 5 mortality rate in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To study the temporal distribution regular pattern of under 5 mortality rate(U5MR)from 1 998 to 201 4 in Zhejiang Province,and to predict the under 5 mortality rate in 201 5.Methods A time series ARIMA (p,d,q) forecasting model for U5MR was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 statistical analysis software.Results The UMAR showed downward trend.The ARIMA(2,1 ,2)model of U5MR from 1 998 to 201 4 in Zhejiang Province is yt =-0.696 +0.636yt -1 +0.024yt -2 +0.340yt -3 +αt -0.003αt -1 +0.997αt -2 ,and the model fitting was good.Each of the actual mortality was consistent with the trend of model prediction,and was within the 95% confidence interval.The predicted value of U5MR was 4.08‰ (95% CI:1 .52‰ -6.64‰)in 201 5.Conclusion Time series analysis is an effective way to analyze the temporal distribution regular pattern of U5MR,which could be used for short -term prediction.

The pulmonary toxicity study of nano-silica particles on rats through dynamic inhalation / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the pulmonary toxicity of different concentrations of nano-silica (nano-SiO2) under continuous dynamic inhalation conditions in the rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, including the dispersant control group (saline) and nano-SiO2 low-dose group (0.3%, w/v), the middle-dose group (1%) and the high-dose group (3%). Animals were sacrificed at 28 d after exposure under continuous dynamic inhalation conditions, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. And following items were observed: body coefficient, BALF related items (leukocytes and classification, total protein content, LDH activity), lung tissue pathological changes (HE staining), and pulmonary fibrosis forming (collagen fiber VG staining).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the dispersant control group, there was no significant change on lung organ coefficient in Nano-SiO2 group (P < 0.05). The BALF total WBC count in 1% and 3% in nano-SiO2 groups showed higher value than the dispersant control group (P < 0.05). No obvious changes were found on total protein content and LDH activity in nano-SiO2 groups compared to the dispersant control group (P > 0.05). For differential WBC counts, lymphocyte count in BALF in nano-SiO2 groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), monocyte and macrophage counts were significantly increased (P < 0.05), but there was no difference on the proportion of neutrophils (P > 0.05). HE staining results showed that the obvious thickening of alveolar wall in nano-SiO2 groups, inflammatory cell infiltration also increased around the bronchial and vascular wall. Lung fibrosis VG staining showed no significant change of collagen fiber distribution.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under our experimental conditions, the continuous dynamic inhalation of nano-SiO2 only caused the significant inflammation in rat lungs, pulmonary fibrosis phenomenon could not be observed significantly.</p>

Effects of multi-walled carbon nano onions on platelet adhesion and experimental thrombogenesis in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of multi-walled carbon nano-onions (MWCNOs) on platelet adhesion and experimental thrombosis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experimental rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, solvent group, and MWCNO group, each including 6 ∼ 9 rats. An inverted fluorescence microscope and a flow chamber were used to observe the effects of 20 g/ml MWCNOs on platelet adhesion at shear rates of 500 s(-1) and 1000 s(-1); the experiment was repeated at least three times in each group. A rat model of carotid artery thrombosis was induced by 25% FeCl3, and the effects of 2 mg/kg MWCNOs on the blood flow and wet weight of thrombus per millimeter in the model were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the shear rate was 500 s(-1), the MWCNO group showed a significantly smaller number of adhering platelets than the solvent group (58.3 ± 16.1 platelets/0.01 mm(2) vs 190.1 ± 36.0 platelets/0.01 mm(2)), but the inhibitory effect of MWCNOs on platelet adhesion disappeared as the shear rate increased to 1000 s(-1). The wet weights of thrombus per millimeter at 0 h after injection of a solvent or MWCNOs via the caudal vein were 0.83 ± 0.12 mg/mm in the solvent group and 0.97 ± 0.11 mg/mm in the MWCNO group, and the wet weights of thrombus per millimeter at 12 h after injection were 0.89 ± 0.12 mg/mm in the solvent group and 1.01 ± 0.15 mg/mm in the MWCNO group, exhibiting no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences between the two groups in terms of blood flow at 0 h and 12 h after injection (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MWCNOs have inhibitory effect on platelet adhesion in vitro, but the injection of MWCNOs via the caudal vein has no effects on the blood flow and wet weight of thrombus per millimeter in experimental thrombosis in rats.</p>

Pulmonary toxicity in high-fat diet SD rats induced by intravenous injection of multi-walled carbon nanotubes / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the pulmonary toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in high-fat diet SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. The normal control group, high-fat diet model group, vehicle group, and group treated with low dose of MWCNTs consisted of 30 rats, respectively, which were divided in 3 subgroups (10 rats each subgroup), respectively. The groups treated with medium and high loses of MWCNTs consisted of 10 rats, respectively. All the animals were exposed to high-fat-diet except for the control group which was given with normal diet. Before intravenous exposure, the high-fat diet model group, vehicle group, and three MWCNTs treated groups were gavaged with 700 thousand U/kg Vit D3 for three days, then given with high-fat-diet. The vehicle group was exposed to normal saline containing 1% Tween 80 and the low exposure group was exposed to MWCNTs at the dose of 50 µg/kg by tail vein injection twice a week for 8, 12 or 16 weeks. Other tow exposure groups were exposed to MWCNTs at the doses of 100, and 200 µg/kg by tail vein injection twice a week, respectively for 16 weeks. The lungs were from the executed rats, the lung indexes were calculated, the pathological changes of lungs were examined under light microscope after HE staining. qRT-PCR assay was utilized to detect the expression levels of pro-inflammation cytokines IL-1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α mRNA in the lungs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with the vehicle group, the lung indexes in groups exposed to 100 and 200 µg/kg MWCNTs increased significantly (P < 0.05). It was found under light microscope that the MWCNTs were accumulated in lungs of three exposure groups in 16 weeks after exposure, including pneumorrhagia, alveolar walls thicken, fibrosis, and granulomas. As compared with the vehicle group, the levels of IL-1β mRNA in group exposed to 50 µg/kg MWCNTs for 12 weeks and the groups exposed to 50, 100 and 200 µg/kg MWCNTs for 16 weeks decreased significantly (P < 0.05). As compared with the vehicle group, the levels of TNF-α mRNA in the groups exposed to 50 µg/kg MWCNTs for 8 and 16 weeks increased significantly (P < 0.05), the level of TNF-α mRNA in the groups exposed to 50 µg/kg MWCNTs for 12 weeks decreased significantly (P < 0.05). As compared with the vehicle group, the level of TNF-α mRNA in the groups exposed to 200 µg/kg MWCNTs for 16 weeks reduced significantly (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The MWCNTs accumulation and chronic inflammatory changes were found in the lungs of rats exposed to MWCNTs by tail vein injection.</p>

Effects of multiwall carbon nano-onions on platelet aggregation and hemostatic function / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of multiwall carbon nano-onions (MWCNOs) on platelet aggregation and hemostatic function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The platelet aggregation was determined with Born's method at different concentration of MWCNOs (0, 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 microg/ml) in vitro. Twenty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups which were exposed to 0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg MWCNOs, respectively. Then platelet count, platelet aggregation, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), bleeding time (BT) and platelet count (PC) were measured at 12 h after receiving tail intravenous injection of MWCNOs. The effects of MWCNOs (4 mg/kg) on platelet aggregation and platelet count at different time points were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, MWCNOs exhibited the potent inhibitory effects on rat platelet aggregation caused by ADP in a concentration-dependent manner. The platelet aggregation in the highest dosage of 20.0 microg/ml group was 50.0% +/- 6.9% which was significantly lower than that (73.2% +/- 4.3%) in control group (P<0.01). In vivo, the highest inhibitory was up to 20.4%, but there was no significant difference, as compared with control group. MWCNOs did not affect the APTT, PT, TT, BT and PC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under this experimental condition, MWCNOs might inhibit platelet aggregation but not affect hemostatic function.</p>

Oxidative damage of single-walled carbon nanotubes in striaturn and hippocampi of mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the oxidative damage of SWCNTs in striaturn and hippocampi of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male ICR mice were divided into experiment group (12.5 mg/kg SWCNTs) and control group (saline containing 0.1% Tween80) randomly. Each group was subdivided into 1, 7, 14 and 28 days group, 5 mice in each subgroup, then treated with tail intravenous injection for 5 continuous days. The striatum and hippocampus were isolated on the ice bath and homogenized in saline. SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA in the supernatants were measured with xanthine oxidize, GSH consumption in enzymatic reaction and TBA methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After exposure to 12.5 mg/kg SWCNTs for 5 d, SOD activity in striaturn and hippocampi decreased on 1st day and reached the minimum on 7th day, then increased gradually. The SOD activity in the SWCNTs treatment groups on 7th day were significantly decreased when compared to control (P < 0.05). Comparison with control group, GSH-Px activity in striaturn obviously decreased on 7th day then increased on 14th day, the difference between 7th day and 14th day was significantly (P < 0.05). GHS-Px activity in the hippocampi in SWCNTs group on 7th day and 14th day was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), then increased to the level of control group on 28th day. MDA contents of striaturn and hippocampi in SWCNTs group reduced on 1st day, then gradually increased on 7th day and 14th day, then reduced, MDA contents on7th day and 14th day n SWCNTs group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results of present study indicated that SWCNTs could decrease antioxidase activity and increase the Lipid peroxide in striaturn and hippocampi of mice.</p>