Immunotherapy of advanced gastric cancer: advances in monoclonal antibodies / 国际药学研究杂志

Gastric cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China. Most gastric cancers are discovered at the late stage. Monoclonal antibody can inhibit and kill cancer cells specifically,with less toxic and side effects. Re- cently,monoclonal antibodies such as anti-epidermal growth factor receptor 1(EGFR1)antibody,anti-HER-2 antibody, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)antibody,anti-programmed death protein-1(PD-1)and anti-PD-L1 anti- body have been developed and applied. Monoclonal antibody therapy has become a hot spot in the immunotherapy of ad- vanced gastric cancer. Herein,the action mechanisms and clinical efficacy of various monoclonal antibodies for the treat- ment of advanced gastric cancer are reviewed,so as to provide a reference for future research,development and clinical application of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Therapeutic Effect of Stretching Therapy Combined with Chinese Herbal Medicine for Primary Dysmenorrhea with Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of stretching therapy combined with oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine Tongjing Powder in treating dysmenorrhea patients with Qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods Sixty dysmenorrhea patients were randomly divided into two groups, 30 cases in each group. Treatment group was given oral use of Tongjing Powder (mainly composed of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Cyperi, Aspongopus, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Pollen Typhae, Faeces Trogopterori, Rhizoma Curcumae, and Semen Persicae) combined with stretching therapy. The control group was given oral use of Tongjing Powder alone. Each group was treated for 3 menstrual cycles. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of dysmenorhea were observed during the treatment and 3-month follow-up after treatment. Before and after treatment, pulse index (PI), resistance index (RI), the ratio of systolic peak value to the diastolic peak value (A/B) of uterine artery blood flow in the two groups were detected. And the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after treatment. Results (1) The VAS scores of the two groups after treatment and at the end of the third menstrual cycle after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), and the decrease in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(P < 0.05).(2) After treatment for 3 menstrual cycles, the total effective rate was 96.7％ in the treatment group, which was higher than that in the control group(76.7％). And the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). (3) The color Doppler energy (CDE) imaging results showed that PI, RI, A/B of uterine artery blood flow in the two groups were decreased after treatment (P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment) , but the differences between the two groups were insignificantly(P > 0.05). Conclusion Stretching therapy combined with oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine Tongjing Powder exerts certain short-term and long-term effect in treating dysmenorrhea patients with Qi stagnation and blood stasis, with good safety and feasibility.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG conditioned medium prevents E. coli meningitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB pathway / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG conditioned medium(LGG-CM)has preventive effect against E. coli K1-induced neuropathogenicity in vitro by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model was constructed using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). The effect of LGG-CM on E. coli-actived NF-κB signaling pathway was assayed using Western blotting. Invasion assay and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration assay were performed to explore whether LGG-CM could inhibit E. coli invasion and PMN transmigration across the BBB in vitro. The expressions of ZO-1 and CD44 were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The changes of trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER) and bacterial translocation were determined to evaluate the BBB permeability.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pre-treament with LGG-CM inhibited E. coli-activated NF-κB signaling pathway in HBMECs and decreased the invasion of E. coli K1 and transmigration of PMN. Western blotting showed that LGG-CM could alleviate E. coli-induced up-regulation of CD44 and down-regulation of ZO-1 expressions in HBMECs. In addition, pre-treatment with LGG-CM alleviated E. coli K1-induced reduction of TEER and suppressed bacterial translocation across the BBB in vitro.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LGG-CM can block E. coli-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and thereby prevents E. coli K1-induced neuropathogenicity by decreasing E. coli K1 invasion rates and PMN transmigration.</p>

Establishment and evaluation of a computer-based software system for detection of initial approximal caries / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish and evaluate a computer-based software system (caries diagnosing system, CDS): CDS for better detection of initial approximal caries based on the performance of radiography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 190 approximal surfaces from 95 extracted posterior teeth were examined by bite-wing radiography. After analysing and extracting the approximal lesion's characteristics of X-ray performance, using Matlab and VC language, the CDS was established. Then the proximal surfaces of these teeth were detected automatically by CDS, and scored by naked eyes of 8 experienced dentists for the extent of lesions. The histological appearance of sectioned teeth was used as the gold standard to assess sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and reproducibility.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity of CDS was 0.728, Pearson's correlation was 0.722, better than that of optic estimation. The reproducibility of CDS was good too.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The CDS can report the lesion site and extension, its diagnostic level is better than that of optic estimation, it is an reasonably sensitive and accurate method for the detection of initial approximal caries in present clinic practice, and a tool of providing objective data.</p>

Expression of lipopolysaccharides signal receptors CD14 and TLR4 in human dental pulp tissue and fibroblasts / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) receptors CD14 and TLR4 in normal and inflamed human dental pulp tissue and fibroblasts and to determine the signal transduction pathway of LPS in pulpitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CD14 and TLR4 expression in healthy and inflammatory pulps was observed by immunohistochemistry. The rates of CD14 and TLR4 positive cells and the mean fluorescence intensity in in vitro cultured pulp fibroblasts before and after being stimulated by LPS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD14 and TLR4 were not detected in healthy pulp tissues, but they were strongly positively stained in inflammatory pulps. Ratio of TLR4 positive cells and mean fluorescence intensity produced by the cells stimulated by LPS increased significantly compared with normal pulp cells. However, there were no CD14 expression in human dental pulp cells before and after LPS stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study revealed a significant increase in the expression of CD14 and TLR4 in inflamed human dental pulp tissue. Human dental pulp cells could be induced by LPS to express TLR4, which may play an important role in the process of pulpitis.</p>

Effect of host derived matrix metalloproteinase on the degradation of root dentin collagen / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of dentin matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) on the degradation of root dentin collagen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Root dentin powder was demineralized with acetic acid (pH 4.0) at 4 degrees C for 14 d, then dialysed and centrifuged. Precipitation was divided into 7 groups, with 6 samples in each group, and each sample was 50.0 mg. One milliliter artificial saliva with a different reagent was added in each sample respectively. The reagents were 2 mmol/L APMA (MMP activator), 2 mmol/L EDTA, 100 mmol/L EDTA, 200 mmol/L EDTA, 0.2% and 0.02% chlorhexidine (MMP inhibitor), and the blank artificial saliva was taken as control. The amount of degraded collagen of each sample was determined with hydroxyproline assay kit. Scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the morphological and structural changes of root dentin which was demineralized or put into artificial saliva after being demineralized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean amount of degraded collagen in APMA group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P < 0.05). The mean amount of degraded collagen in 2 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, 200 mmol/L EDTA, 0.02% and 0.2% chlorhexidine groups was dramatically lower than that of the APMA group and the blank (P < 0.01). SEM observation indicated that the structural integrity of the collagen network on root surface dentin still existed in root dentin surface after being demineralized alone, while collagenous fibril was destructed and the structural integrity on root dentin surface disappeared after being demineralized and treated by artificial saliva.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MMP in root dentin can degrade root dentin collagen after being activated at low pH followed by neutralization. The results suggest that host MMP may play an important role in the process of dentin caries formation.</p>

Effect of irradiation on tooth hard tissue and its resistance to acid / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of irradiation on the susceptibility of radiation caries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The structures of 56 teeth enamel and dentin of 63 roots were observed using SEM and the collagen fibre and the resistance to the acid were also investigated after irradiation of 30 Gy, 50 Gy and 70 Gy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The enamel structure changes were found after irradiation with different doses. The significant difference was found in the enamel changes between high or middle dose group and low dose group or control. The dentin morphology changed, some collagen fibre vanished and resistance to acid was reduced after irradiation with 50 Gy and 70 Gy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The radiation reduced the resistance of teeth to the acid and increased the caries susceptibility.</p>

Effects of dentine phosphoprotein on remineralization of demineralized dentine / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between dentine phosphoprotein (DPP) and remineralization of demineralized dentine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) Soluble DPP was extracted with 1 mol/L NaCl from demineralized dentine and was evaluated. (2) Soluble DPP was removed with 0.1 mol/L NaCl or was not removed from demineralized dentine sections in human tooth roots. Then all sections were subjected to remineralization treatment, and remineralization degrees were compared by atomic absorption spectrum, SEM and microradiography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Soluble DPP was extracted with 1 mol/L NaCl. (2) Removal of soluble DPP resulted in significantly lower calcium concentration in remineralization solution (P < 0.01), less mean light-absorbed value in demineralized dentin sections by microradiography (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Soluble DPP may have an inhibiting effect on remineralization of demineralized dentine, this study suggests that the remove of soluble DPP from root caries lesions may enhance their remineralization potential.</p>

The effect of dentin phosphoprotein on inducing mineralization / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) in inducing dentinal mineralization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human DPP was combined with EAH-Sepharose 4B beads and its function of inducing mineralization was studied in mineralization system in-vitro. The mineral formed on the surface of the beads was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and plasma emission spectrum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was mineral formed on the beads with combined DPP and the mineral was calcium phosphates whose ratio of calcium to phosphate was 1.33. The diffractogram of the formed mineral was more similar to hydroxyapatite than to other calcium phosphates.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When tightly combined with certain support substance, human DPP can induce mineralization.</p>