Application and problems analysis of traditional Chinese medicine volatile oil preparation technology based on ionic liquids / 中国中药杂志

Ionic liquids(ILs) are salts composed entirely of anions and cations in a liquid state at or near room temperature, which have a variety of good physicochemical properties such as low volatility and high stability. This paper mainly reviewed the research overview of ILs in the application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) volatile oil preparation technology. Firstly, it briefly introduced the application of TCM volatile oil preparation technology and composition classification and physicochemical properties of ILs, and then summarized the application of ILs in the extraction, separation, analysis, and preparation of TCM volatile oil. Finally, the problems and challenges of ILs in the application of TCM volatile oil were explained, and the application of ILs in TCM volatile oil in the future was prospected.

Conversion of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into nanomedicine:application of theory of unification of medicines and excipients / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, the use of active substances as excipients or as substitutes for other excipients in the design of modern drug delivery systems has received widespread attention, which has promoted the development of the theory of unification of medicines and excipients in the design of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations. Adopting the theory of unification of medicines and excipients to design drug delivery systems can reduce the use of excipients and thus the cost of preparations, reduce drug toxicity, increase drug solubility and biocompatibility, enhance synergistic effect, and realize targeted delivery and simultaneous delivery of multiple components. However, the research on the application of this theory in the modern drug delivery system of TCM preparations is still insufficient, with few relevant articles. In addition, the TCM active substances that can be used as the excipients remain to be catalogued. In this paper, we review the types and applications of the drug delivery systems with TCM active substances as excipients and describe their common construction methods and mechanisms, aiming to provide references for the in-depth research on the modern drug delivery systems for TCM preparations.

Quality control mode based on engineering quality view of Chinese medicine pharmacy / 中国中药杂志

Due to the characteristics of confusing varieties of Chinese medicinal materials, different sources, complex chemical composition, non-standard preparation process, and non-standard pharmaceutical equipment, the quality of Chinese medicinal preparations is difficult to be controlled and evaluated effectively under the current quality control mode and method of Chinese medicinal preparation. The present study proposed an engineering quality view of Chinese medicine pharmacy and a strategy to control the quality of Chinese medicinal preparations based on the current situation. The "overall, dialectical, and dynamic" multi-factor engineering quality view, covering original medicinal materials, preparation technologies, pharmaceutical equipment, and Chinese medicinal preparations, ensures the traceable process, measurable procedures, and feedback quality. The quality control mode of Chinese medicinal preparation with controllable sources, standardized preparation technologies, green pharmaceutical equipment, and intelligent manufacturing is built up.

Stability improvement of Chinese medicinal essential oils based on delivery systems and their application in medical field / 中国中药杂志

Essential oils from Chinese medicine are popular in the fields such as medicine, food, and cosmetics because of their unique biological characteristics. However, since essential oils are lipophilic compounds with high volatility, poor stability, and strong irritation, various preparation technologies need to be employed to improve stability, reduce irritation, and increase bioavailability. At present, a variety of preparation technologies have been applied to the encapsulation of essential oils. Various encapsulation strategies are formed because of different delivery systems featured with multiple principles and characteristics and are widely used to improve the stability of essential oils. Essential oils of Chinese medicine are widely used in the medical field, and they are under continuous innovation and development in clinical research, the pharmaceutical industry, medical products, etc. The present study summarized various delivery systems that could improve the stability of essential oils and reviewed the applications of essential oils encapsulated in the delivery systems in the medical field to provide re-ferences for the improvement of stability of essential oils and their safety, efficiency, and wide use in the medical field.

Herbal Textual Research and Modern Research Progress of Succus Bambusae / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Succus Bambusae， regarded as the holy medicine for the treatment of phlegm by traditional Chinese medicine experts， has the functions of clearing heat and resolving phlegm， resuscitating and relieving convulsions. In clinical practice， it is mainly used to treat phlegm-heat cough， phlegm yellow and shortness of breath， stroke with exuberant phlegm and other syndromes. The research of its processing procedure and quality standard is the key issue to realize the process modernization and quality standardization of this traditional medicine resource. On the basis of literature research， this paper conducted the herbal textual research on Succus Bambusae， sorted out its medicinal history， and compared the advantages and disadvantages of its traditional and modern preparation procedure. Based on the historical records， it is pointed out that there are still many problems in the traditional and modern processing procedure of Succus Bambusae， such as low-yield processing procedure and extensive production technology that cannot meet the requirements of large-scale green manufacturing. At present， there are a lot of literature on the comparative study of the origin， variety and processing procedure of Succus Bambusae， but most of them are limited to the chemical components， and lack of in-depth study on its pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism. Meanwhile， the pharmacological effects of Succus Bambusae are mostly limited to antitussive and expectorant， and few other pharmacological effects have been reported. Based on the above analysis， it is suggested that the follow-up research work can be carried out from these five aspects：①Clarifying the original source， enriching and perfecting the medicinal resources. ②Standardizing the processing procedure， establishing relevant quality standards. ③Clarifying the pharmacological mechanism， strengthening the basic research on the pharmacological effect and clinical application. ④Inheriting ancient processing， researching and developing special preparation equipment and standardizing production operation rules. ⑤Comprehensive utilization of the by-products in preparation process.

Consistency Analysis of “Imprinting Templates” of Chinese Medicine Preparations Based on Dynamic Volatile Components in Houttuyniae Herba / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The homogeneity regularity of "imprinting templates" of compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) was revealed, which provided the basis for effectively controlling the quality of compound preparation of TCM, by clarifying the dynamic changeability in number and content of volatile ingredients in different batches of Houttuyniae Herba. Method:The volatile oil of Houttuyniae Herba was extracted by steam distillation.The volatile components in 11 batches of Houttuyniae Herba were determined by GC-MS(electron ionization, ion source temperature of 230℃, detection range of m/z 40-500) combined with literature and ChemicalBook database.The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method and analyzed by the total quantum statistical moments of fingerprint. Result:There were only 15 common ingredients in the volatile oil from 11 batches of Houttuyniae Herba, accounting for 3.35%of total number and 73.94%of total content, while the number of non-common ingredients was 433, accounting for 96.65%of total number.However, the RSD of total quantum first moment of GC-MS fingerprint was 6.8%, the RSD of total quantum second moment was 14.8%(RSD of standard deviation was 7.4%), and the RSD of similarity of total quantum statistical moment was 3.8%.The type and content of volatile ingredients in Houttuyniae Herba were heterogeneous, but their chromatographic behavior of GC-MS fingerprint was uniform, the whole "imprinting templates" was similar. Conclusion:The total quantum statistical moment(similarity) of TCM fingerprint is applicable to quality control of dynamic Chinese medicines, which will play a breakthrough role in the study of homogeneity and stability of material reference and compound preparation for ancient classical formulas.

Fast Identification Analysis on Chemical Constituents in Mori Folium by Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Method / 中国中医药信息杂志

Obejective To conduct fast identification analysis on chemical constituents of Mori Folium UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method.Methods ACQUITY UPLC-Q-TOF/MS spectrometer was used, acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) as mobile phase with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, with ESI negative ion mode detection, data analysis with Masslynx4.1 software.Results According to the retention time provided by the mass spectrometry, the exact molecular weight and the secondary mass spectrometry were used to analyze the fragments by referring to literature, and 19 chemical constituents of Mori Folium were identified and deduced.Conclusion The method can analyze the chemical constituents of Mori Folium rapidly, sensitively and comprehensively, and provide the basis for the study of the pharmacological basis of Mori Folium.

Study on Extraction Kinetic Comparison of Chlorogenic Acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the extraction kinetic deviation of the chlorogenic acid (ChA) in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos through established extract kinetic model of closed system of Chinese materia medica. Methods The content of ChA (W0) and ρ2in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were determined by HPLC; The V1and V2were measured by water absorbing further to calculate V0; The value of M, N, L, α, β, and π were estimated by curve fitting using SPSS19.0 edition; The extraction kinetic parameters k, k1′, k2′, ρ1, tmax, cmax, AUC, P%, and D% were calculated by Excel; their similarity was calculate by the total quantum statistical moment similarity (TQSMS). Results The V0, V1,and V2for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were 18.69, 9.50, and 30.20 mL, respectively. The W0for the ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were 3.75%, and ρ2was 0.884; The V0, V1, and V2for Lonicerae Flos were 12.79, 7.80, and 37.00 mL, respectively. The W0for the ChA in Lonicerae Flos were 5.67%, and ρ2was 1.020; The extraction kinetic profiles for ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos were fitted three compartment model. The main kinetic parameters as k were 0.1101, 0.3755 h-1; k1′ were 3.632, 3.288 h-1; k2′ were 53.12, 55.28 h-1; ρ1were 2.731, 2.751; tmaxwere 0.299 5, 0.216 3 h; cmaxwere 0.134 0, 0.252 7 mg/mL; AUC were 3.405, 1.560 h; P% were 35.73% and 44.57%; D% were 0.916 2% and 2.680 7%, respectively. Their TQSMS was 0.963 8, which indicated that the extraction kinetics of ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos had good similarity. Conclusion The extraction kinetic model described the dissolution behavior and deviation of extraction kinetic profiles for ChA in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos objectively and effectively. This research can provide some references for further study on extraction processes and preparation of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos.